Information competences in the education process pre-school and early school teachers

The article presents the results of research conducted to answer the research problem formulated in the question: How students of preschool and early school pedagogy assess the level of their information competences?

Information and communication technologies in pre-school education — role and opportunities to use selected digital tools

Main topic analyzed in the article is role and opportunities to use of information and communication technologies in pre-school education. Uses of ICT in the educational process is one of the ways to increase motivation and development of key competences of child. Information and communication technologies contribute to the overall development of children in all areas. The topic of the article is also to analyze the most popular digital tools using in pre-school education and their impact on the development of children’s skills.

Remote education in Poland, with particular emphasis on physical education. From the perspective of the teacher and the student

The article deals with remote learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The author draws attention to the problems posed by social isolation as well as technological limitations when conducting online classes. It discusses the preparation of students, tools for conducting remote classes and problems faced by teachers and students during their duration. Then the author analyzes this problem in more depth on the basis of physical education lessons. This section focuses mainly on the issue of safety and unregulated regulations that did not clearly define the rules for the safe conduct of audiovisual activities in physical education lessons. Summing up, the author states that it is necessary to clarify the educational law and to refine the ways of maintaining relations between students. Only then will remote lessons be able to be held correctly and bring benefits.

Multicultural education in kindergarten — the chances and the dangers

Multicultural education is essential in the current reality. The article presents the differences between multicultural and intercultural education. Also, it identifies the opportunities and challenges of multicultural education. The key to making it produce tangible results, including for the public — is the teacher, his competencies, and capabilities.

The importance of teaching a foreign language in kindergarten

Pre-school age is important period in a child’s life because then he learns many new skills. One of them is knowledge of a foreign language. However, is the child ready to learn a foreign language as early as kindergarten? This article answers whether preschool age is a good time to start teaching a child a foreign language.

A pair work in an early school education

One of the ways which lead to an effective and informed cooperation amongst early school education pupils is enabling them to participate in various activities that successfully engage a pair work. According to the researchers exploring the above-mentioned theme, such an activity constitutes a solid base for shaping a variety of social skills. In the era of the omnipresent civilization changes, such skills have become the most desirable priority that humans can possess. One cannot deny that an efficient functioning of a human in a society determines their success relating to various areas of their existence. The approval of the closest environment also impacts the consciousness of the subject concerning the sense of self-efficacy, self-confidence and the eagerness to undertake various daily challenges. The paper has been created based upon the excerpts of my BA thesis entitled The methods of application a pair work in an early school education, which was written in 2016 under the supervision of dr Jovita Vaškevič-Buś.

Horticultural therapy as a support method to rehabilitation of children and adolescents

The article discusses the issue of horticultural therapy. The first part of the article is a theoretical background of the problem in the literature of the subject: the definitions of garden therapy and its assumptions. The second part presents the development of horticultural therapy in a global and Polish perspective. The next part contains the features of a therapeutic garden, plants used in garden therapy, and the use of horticultural therapy in the rehabilitation process and in work with children. Follow-up of the article describes horticultural therapy activities in the Special School and Educational Center no. 3 in Krakow. The last part of the article contains conclusions of own research.

Modern teacher-tutor

The article deals with the topics of changes in education and training. Tutoring is becoming an increasingly popular form of working with students. The main aim of the article is to show the relationship between the work of a teacher and tutor. The author lists the features of a good teacher and tutor and persuades to introduce elements of tutoring in schools as a development opportunity for both the teacher and students.

Keywords: tutoring, tutor, school, education, teacher

The education of immigrant children

The article undertakes the problem of education of migrant children in early school education. The first part is an attempt to discuss the phenomenon of migration, models of children support and theoretical background of the problem in Polish schools. The second part presents practical solutions — the role of cultural assistant, preparatory units and work methods. The third part focuses on students’ difficulties, both Polish and those of foreign origin.

Keywords: education, migration, child

Philosophy in early school education. Eccentricity or valuable contribution to child’s development?

The article raises the issue of teaching philosophy in early school education. Children aged 7 to 9 are great thinkers, but they are being taught according to the educational system, which mostly demands the memorizing of material without having an individual reflection. The discussion about philosophizing at grades I–III aims to explain whether practicing that discipline is pointless, and therefore should be left out of the curriculum or valid and kept as an integral part of the growing up process improving a child’s intellectual, emotional, and social competences.

Keywords: philosophy, early school education, intellectual, emotional and social development of a child, individual reflection, questions, community of inquiry

Opportunities for people with disabilities to participate in the virtual world and use its resources

A blind or deaf person, despite their enormous intellectual potential, is limited by their disabilities in many areas of social functioning. One of the difficulties is communicating with other people. For these people, an alternative are new information technologies, which, depending on their age, enable independent communication regardless of the place, time and form of communication. This text provides knowledge about modern technological solutions and their availability for children, adolescents and adults in their everyday life. He points to the role of new information technologies in meeting the social needs of people with disabilities. He cites WCAG 2.0 guidelines on ensuring network accessibility for people with disabilities in accordance with the procedures of the W3C Consortium.

Keywords: disability, communication, new information technologies

Theater has never been closer. Theater pedagogy — a contemporary model of theater education

The movement of theater pedagogy has been present in polish practice for a couple years. Through efforts of institutions like The Theater Institute in Warsaw or Theater Pedagogues’ Association, it is possible to observe the development and gradual change of approach towards the form of contact with theater. The aim of this article is to present the theater pedagogy as an interdisciplinary area of research combining both artistic and educational practices, including its sources, domestic history and basic premises. Through references to ideas of aesthetic upbringing and pointing out differences between traditional theater education and theater pedagogy, one can define it and understand its phenomenon. Additionally, it is important to underline the potential in activities being conducted according to rules of theater pedagogy.

The article is an excerpt of bachelor’s thesis The use of theater pedagogy in stimulating children’s creativity, based on the research conducted in the private preschool “Kangurowe Przedszkole” in Cracow written by Aleksandra Denkowicz in 2020 under the tutorage of Michał Głażewski, Hab. PhD, Professor of The Pedagogical University of Cracow.

Keywords: arts education, art, theater, theater pedagogy

Current problems of education in the Swedish educational system

The aim of the paper is to present current problems in the Swedish education system. In recent years, Sweden, similarly to many other European countries, has had to adjust the organization of their system to new social needs that are a result of growing migration. The article outlines in general how the Swedish education system works by describing its organization and funding, but also the promoted attitudes towards students and the educational recommendations. Swedish education is egalitarian, aiming towards equitable chances.

When writing the article, the author was mainly using texts written in English and Swedish, but also the Swedish Education Act (Skollagen) and the preschool curriculum (Lpfö 18). The research contains analyses of official documents from the Ministry of Education and Research and of thematic texts. The results show original solutions implemented in the Swedish education system.

Keywords: education, Swedish educational system, Swedish Education Act, Swedish student, Swedish educational values, current problems in education

The role of the father in upbringing of a child in early school age

The aim of the article is to present the role of a father in a child upbringing in the early school age. The paper consists of theoretical and research parts. The first part describes father’s role as an educator in child’s life, the influence of the father’s values on child’s upbringing, the father’s authority and reasons for father’s absence in child’s life. The second part presents analysis of the research results. Seven children of early school aged have participated in the study. The methods used in the study were observation, interviews with supervising teacher and document analysis. The subject of the study was the relationship of the father with the early school-age child. The influence of the father’s participation in the child’s upbringing on the child’s self-esteem and perception of reality was being examined. The effect of father’s absence on the child’s behavior and self-esteem was being analyzed. The study showed a relationship between father’s participation in child upbringing and high or inflated self-esteem and the child’s positive attitude towards reality. The relationship between father’s absence and lowered self-esteem of the subjects was presented.

Keywords: father, child, upbringing, authority, father’s role, child’s self-esteem

Mourning of children in early school age

The article touches on the difficult subject of children’s mourning. We as parents, teachers and guardians should try to make the hard time of mourning easier for children. It is often that we as adults are not able to manage these negative emotions, that is why it is worth to educate ourselves in the question of mourning. Main topics analyzed in the article are the process of children’s mourning and different difficulties which may appear during the process. The aim of the article is also to analyze different methods of talking and cooperating with a child who is going through mourning. Furthermore, there was made an attempt to show different forms of outside help for a child and their family. Basic question, which was followed during the work of the article, is: how can we prepare a child for mourning and help them go through it? One of the main tasks of these considerations is giving parents and guardians advice about dealing with such a difficult situation.

Keywords: child, mourning, difficulties, help

The issue of play in development of preschool children, based on theoretical reports

The aim of the author’s discussion is to present an overview of the issue of play and its importance for development of preschool children. The first part of the article focused on the reference to the definition and function of play. In the next part, various theories and classifications of play were presented. In the last part, play of younger and older preschool children was characterized. The conclusions emphasized the importance of the developmental function of play, as well as described it as the basic form of activity for preschool children.

Keywords: play, preschool age, psychology, pedagogy, child development

Application of the Veronica Sherborne Development Movement Method in the Polish Cub Scout Method — reflections from educational work

Developmental Movement for children connected to the Polish Cub Scout Method benefits in children’s social, emotional and physical development, owing to the fact, that both of them are based on children’s natural need for physical activity and establishing valuable relationships. The essay, which is presented, includes results of connection to both described methods in order to ameliorate cooperation in 1–3 grades in primary school.

Keywords: Developmental Movement for children, Polish Cub Scouts Method, Cub Scouts, physical activity, relationships, cooperation in group.

Winter and spring holidays in times of social isolation from the perspective of younger students

The holidays during the pandemic are over. What were they like? How did they look from the children’s perspective? The aim of my research was to find out what children think about spending their free time during the winter and spring breaks in the time of social isolation. I will try to present it in the article below. The purpose of this article is to present on children’s views on winter holidays in times of social isolation. The main question orienting my research activity was: How do children of the younger classes describe winter holidays during social isolation?

Fonoholism — a modern addiction

The article presents a relatively new addiction, which is phone addiction. It covers the unsafe use of a cell phone and the Internet. It introduces the issue of addictions, their types, mechanisms of action and social conditions.

Keywords: addictions, behavioral addictions, phone, relations, social media, Internet, cyberpsychology, identity

Perceive of the teacher of early childhood education

The aim of this article is to show you current problem of early childhood education, which is perceived of the teacher of early childhood education. Nowadays, many people judge others by the tip of the iceberg. They don’t see what is beneath the surface. Early childhood teachers are attacked almost every day. In the past, it wasn’t a chance to challenge teachers authority. What has influence on perceive of teacher of early childhood education? Which are parents expectations towards teachers competencies? About what should we remember to not crack? You will find the answer below.

Keywords: early childhood education, early childhood education teacher, abilities

Preparing children to start school at the reflection of a beginner teacher

The article discusses the work of a young teacher who starts his professional career from a grade zero. Teachers are subject to certain restrictions and are required to comply with the legal provisions laid down by statutes. Starting work as a teacher prompts reflection on the choice of methods and forms of work, taking into account the teacher’s obligations set out in legal acts. A teacher working in a kindergarten should prepare children to enter school so that they can master reading and writing skills in the future. Referring to the theory of a reflective teacher, I tried to consider the professional development of a teacher who is looking for the best method of work for him, and thus creates his own method of shaping phonological awareness in children. This method is an original reconstruction of J. Reichen’s reading method. The article presents both the theoretical assumptions of his method and notes from the observation carried out during the introduction of innovations to the preschool group. I also try to answer the question, how does the introduction of innovations affect the professional development of the teacher and the development of children?

Keywords: preschool education, professional development, teacher, phonological awareness, reading method

Language skills training in early childhood education

The article presents various views on linguistic proficiency and the methods of its education.

Keywords: lingual efficiency, methods of teaching language skills

Methods of teaching English in early childhood education

The aim of this work is to present and discuss the methods used in teaching English in 1–3 grades in primary school and the frequency of their use by teachers during classes. We have unconventional and conventional methods. The first group of methods includes: Total Physical Response, The Silent Way, Community Language Learning, Natural Method, Sugestopedia and Communicative Language Teaching. Teachers also use the second group of methods, in which we have: direct method, grammatical-translation method, audiolingual method and cognitive method. The research was conducted using a diagnostic survey in primary schools among of English teachers in early childhood education. The research show that teachers often use these methods in 1–3 grades in primary school. Connecting unconventional and conventional methods allows teachers to diversify their activities and adapting issues to the children during the lessons.

Keywords: teaching methods, English, early school education

Children’s musical repertoire in the process of elementary music education

The aim of the article is the initial/preliminary systematization of the types of children’s musical repertoire. The definition of the repertoire and its forms were analyzed and interpreted. Based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, the categories of children’s repertoire were described in correlation with musical activities. An attempt was also made to describe the structure of the children’s musical repertoire.

Keywords: musical repertoire, musical activity, child

Children’s world of sounds — musical education of a preschool child

Music is around us — every day music is the noise of trees, the rustle of leaves, the sound of a passing tram, the barking of a dog. We learn it while studying in kindergarten and school, but above all at home. This is where the child learns the first melodies. Initially, these are sounds from the immediate environment, starting with the mother’s heartbeat and the melody of her words. Then we expand our knowledge of sounds with children’s counting, acoustic experiments, short song chants, kindergarten songs and music accompanying the game. It’s all a child’s world of sounds, but what’s the key to that?

The natural musical development of humans is observed between the ages of 1 and 13, and this is when the most important changes take place in the body, including the maturation of the auditory analyzer and psychomotor performance. Therefore, a variety of musical activities of parents, and then teachers, which are aimed at developing the child’s musical abilities, are very significant at this time. They can be realized by singing together, listening to music of different styles, creating ostinato on instruments and simple instrumentation. Free and directed movement as well as instrumental improvisation are also important.

To understand music, you need to be extremely sensitive to its beauty. This is a trait that cannot be taught to children just like that, but it is possible to create any conditions for them to experience music emotionally. This main goal of children’s music education should be realized with the use of five forms of musical activity, which will be discussed in detail in this article.

Keywords: music education, singing, playing instruments, movement with music, making music, listening to music, forms of music activity

Fun ways to introduce of musical notation in terms of pitch — suggestions for teachers in grades 1–3

An important issue in music education of children is introduction of musical alphabet. The main aims are reminding teachers of two ways to record pitch, introducing the guidelines for learning formulated by psychologists, presentation of selected ways of introducing musical notation in a way adapted to the abilities of early school children.

Keywords: games with music, games with Boom whackers, musical notation, preschool and early school education, suggestions for teachers, musical games, solmization, musical alphabet, music education, music theory for children

Animals and their meaning for child’s development

The purpose of this article is to increase reader’s knowledge about animals and their influence on child’s development. The following article describes the journey of children growing up in the presence of animals. The first part of the article focuses on the general impact of animals on humans and presents ways for parents to use in order to provide child contact with animals despite their absence at home. The next part is about the importance of being around animals for social, emotional and physical development, as well as their influence on education and shaping the child’s personality. In the fifth part, research analysis from 2019 to my Bachelor are presented. They are a starting point for reflection about the article. The last part is a summary of the article, which also includes the role of the teacher in educating both parents and children about the importance of animals in human life.

Keywords: animals, children’s development, relations, benefits

Encouraging children’s physical activity based on the “Świerszczyk” magazine

Referring to the diversity of books and magazines, in terms of expanding reading among the youngest and shaping and shaping positive pro-health attitudes, it is worth paying attention to the role that literature plays in shaping these attitudes. Based on the magazine “Świerszczyk”, the author decided to present the motif of the movement that was captured in the magazine. On this basis, it was presented how to properly shape and expand children’s willingness to contact the book, as well as the importance of contact with the book for the child’s development. Through contact with literature, you can pass on knowledge to children in every possible field, as well as encourage physical activity. Children have a natural need to move, which should be supported, developed and stimulated by encouraging them to various forms and physical activities. In addition to translating and teaching correct lifestyle patterns. With the help of literature, stories and magazines, we can shape these attitudes in them, at the same time counteracting developmental abnormalities, chronic diseases, obesity and posture defects. An important factor in the proper development of a child is the awareness and willingness of parents to pass on the right models.

Keywords: child, physical activity, children’s magazines

Digital exclusion — a danger to the education today

Contemporary media and new technologies became an integral part of our lives. We can experience their influence in nearly every part of our everyday life. In the hands of an adept and sensible user, they can become a powerful educational tool. Their misuse however, often leads to a number of problems and negative effects. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced us to transfer social, political, economic and cultural aspects of our lives into the digital realm. The following article takes up the issue of digital exclusion, a pressing international problem, as well as the challenges that the polish educational system faced during distance-learning. Studies mentioned in the article illustrate the difficulties which the students, their parents, teachers and headmasters encountered at every level. The conclusions point at the direction the post-pandemic school ought to take while transitioning back to classrooms.

Keywords: pandemic, distance-learning, digital exclusion, media education

Volunteering as one of the forms of acquiring professional competence by future teachers of pre-school and early school education

The article discusses the topic of acquiring professional competence by future teachers and the relation between this process and the voluntary work. The research conducted on a group of students aims to determine the ways of self-improvement, the types and length of voluntary work as well as self-evaluation of competence owned. In the first part of the article, the focus was put on the theoretical description of concepts like: volunteering and teachers’ competence. In the further part the analysis of self-studies was presented and in the last one the results of the studies were shown.

Keywords: students volunteering, teachers’ competence, professional competence, self-improvement of future teachers

Volunteering on the student side — inspiration and participation of pedagogy students in voluntary activities

The article discusses the issue of student volunteering. The first part discusses the theoretical background of the problem in the literature of the subject: the definitions of volunteering, sources of motivation, legal issues and qualifications and competences to the concept of volunteer role. The next part presents and discusses the results of our own research focused on the forms of volunteering carried out by students of special pedagogy.

Keywords: student volunteering, volunteer, competence, motivation

Remote Education through the Eyes of Two Generations of Early Childhood Education Teachers

The aim of the article is to examine the views of early childhood education teachers about the realities of widely understood remote education. Due to the times of the pandemic, the research sample and the research itself is just a conversation with two teachers of early childhood education, taking into account the same research problems. The authors wanted them to be people who teach at the same level of education, with different professional experience and a diverse range of experiences. Both teachers were positive about the conversations. They were guided by the willingness to help and the curiosity of the research results.

Building Interpersonal Relationships in Grades 1–3 in Distance Learning Conditions

Interpersonal relations are an integral part of living in society. Interpersonal competences combine activities related to communication, making new friends, solving problems or cooperating with others. Therefore, they are extremely important at every educational stage. However, building proper relations among education participants becomes more difficult when schools around the world switch to distance learning due to the COVID-19 virus pandemic. Relations between teachers and students, as well as among classmates, often undergoes various modifications, frequently deteriorating the quality of mutual contact. Distance education has also changed the role of pupils’ parents. The new situation often required from them to adapt to their child’s schedule in order to support them and help them in learning. This particularly applies to the families with younger children. In order to explain these issues, this article will present the results of research conducted among teachers and parents of pupils from grades 1–3 on the relationship at a pupil–pupil and a student–teacher level. The didactic and educational activities of teachers that are undertaken by them in order to improve contact on both these levels in the face of the new reality will also be discussed. The article will also address the topic of transformations of the abovementioned relations, which took place during and after the transition to compulsory distance learning.

How to Motivate a Parent to Work with a Child?

Each specialist (child therapist) in his professional work has certainly encountered a lack of motivation to work on the part of the parent. The caregiver’s lack of motivation and willingness to work particularly bothers a speech therapist at work. How can the therapy be supported based on cooperation with the parent?
In this article, I will try to suggest what can contribute to better parental motivation, and thus more effective speech therapy work. In the text, I present research on the self-evaluation of parents in working with children. The publication also includes proprietary motivational tables, which may provide additional support in the work of a parent with a child and communication between the speech therapist and the child.

Early School Education in Stationary and Remote Modes and the Student’s Motivation from the Parent’s Perspective Over the past few months, due to the pandemic situation, students, parents, and teachers have faced the challenge of having to take classes remotely. The unstable reality has caused early childhood education to alternate between on-site and remote modes. This paper addresses the issue of motivation among early elementary school children in the era of pandemic and remote education. The paper includes characteristics of the early childhood period, education at this developmental stage, remote education, and an introduction to the topic of motivation. An inclusive survey of 50 parents was conducted to find out their opinions on motivation in relation to learning and other activities of their children who are in the younger school age. The results are included in the paper.

Remote Education in the Foreign Language Preschool Education — Practical Approach

Even though the children’ motivation to learn and cooperate with others is undeniably high, this tendency can still be disturbed by numerous aspects depended on the teacher, such as the classroom management, the selection of teaching aids or methods. This task become even more demanding with the necessity of remote education of preschool children. The aim of this article is to present the practical approach of the remote education in the foreign language preschool teaching process. First, the role of language teaching among the preschool children will be described. The aspects such as special needs and abilities will be emphasized. Secondly, the methods and difficulties of remote language teaching in kindergarten will be presented. Finally, the description of the practical approach will be divided into synchronous and asynchronous solutions, containing some examples of exercises.

Electronic Media and Children’s Leisure Time in the Perception of the Parents

Nowadays, more and more children own electronic devices and spend a significant amount of their free time using them during the day. Currently, the Internet offers great opportunities for children — it can be both a source of entertainment and information. Unfortunately, more and more often it can be noticed that children rarely go out to the yard or playground and spend most of their free time in front of a computer or TV screen instead. The scale of this phenomenon is increasing every year as electronic devices have become an integral part of everyone’s life, including children.
The conducted research showed that parents spend an average of 2.5 hours a day with their children, during which they most often go for walks, play sports or play board games. It has also been shown that the vast majority of 2nd grade primary school students have their own electronic devices, most often a telephone. According to the research, children’s use of phone is unlimited by their parents, can take place at any time of the day, and it is mainly used for entertainment purposes.

A Child is an Internet’s Consumer

We live in very strange times. Dynamic changes are taking place in front of our eyes. Every day, new, innovative devices, programs and software are created. The world has sped up and people have to adapt to it in the best way possible. Being able to filter so much information is not easy for adults, and even harder for children that are just learning everything. Therefore, it is worth asking yourself whether everything that the world gives us is good, and if not, can we see it? If so, can we protect children from the negative effects of new media and modern technology and teach them to use wisely the benefits of today?
The article describes the media, their importance in the modern world and their split. Social media, which are currently considered one of the greatest achievements of mankind, as well as the Internet, where its functions, advantages, but also the dangers it brings are presented in more detailed way. Television, which plays an important role in family life, is also described in this work. The next chapter presents the results of the own research. During the interviews, the students answered questions about what electronic devices they use most often, what websites they use most often, what time they spend in front of the screen/on the Internet and if they know the dangers of using the Internet. In addition, during the study, students’ knowledge of the advantages of using the Internet was tested, why they use internet and how people using internet are controlled.
The conclusions of this study are varied.
What is the most importantly, we still don’t know exactly how to keep children protected from modern media. Among parents and teachers there is a lot of missing knowledge. It is important to educate teachers, parents but as well children about that. All this can help us to ensure that young people, as well as adults, will only the benefits from what the modern world offer them.

A Pandemic View of the World of a Child Lost in Television Reality

The following article is aimed to increase reader knowledge about the most popular cartoons among children at the age of 5–9 and the values that occur in them. It describes how the pandemic affected on children real time which they were spending in front of the television. The first part of the article is a description of value and cartoon terms. The next section is a summary of research conducted with children in the form of an interview relating to the cartoons. Follow-up of the paper contains information about time spending in front of the television among children before and during the pandemic. In the further part, titles of the most popular cartoons  among children was presented. Successive part showed analysis of the several fairy tales in terms of their plot and worth appeared in them. The last part of the article contains conclusions of the paper.

Closed Groups in the Social Network — an Inspiration for Teachers in Art Education: The world of visual arts in virtual reality

The article is a report on research that was carried out on closed groups on a social media with art education. It shows the exact structure of the group. It paints a picture of the netiquette that reigns in closed communities. It determines the area and creates a list of places where you can receive specific tips on teaching tools and materials as well as lesson plans in art education, along with the effects of creative and artistic activities. Groups that inspire creative activities with children in the school space are described. The presented areas create an ideal and safe place to exchange experiences for teachers dealing with art education from the first stage of education. Virtual space inspire and bring practical knowledge about the principles of designing didactic tasks and the language of art at the elementary level.

“I have grown a little over this year, but...” — self-esteem of six-year-old children during the pandemic

Everyone generates countless judgments about themselves. These judgments may take a descriptive or evaluative form, they may refer to the present, but also the future. Self-description and self-esteem change many times over the lifetime. People formulate different judgments at different stages of their lives, they pay attention to different aspects of themselves and while making selfdescription, they are guided by different impacts. Many factors influence the way these judgments are made. It depends both on the psychological development of the individual and the stage of development of self-knowledge at which they are. The article will present  research on the selfimage of six-year-old children during the pandemic.