Tematyka materiałów publikowanych w Roczniku dotyczy przede wszystkim historii wraz z naukami pomocniczymi, historii sztuki (w tym grafiki), historii literatury, historii nauki, bibliologii i prasoznawstwa, omawianych przez badaczy polskich i zagranicznych
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Opis
„Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie” jest ogólnopolskim periodykiem naukowym ukazującym się regularnie od 1956 roku (do 1999 jako „Rocznik Biblioteki Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie”). Poświęcony jest szeroko rozumianej kulturze piśmienniczej oraz jej funkcjonowaniu w perspektywie historycznej. Tematyka materiałów publikowanych w Roczniku dotyczy przede wszystkim historii wraz z naukami pomocniczymi, historii sztuki (w tym grafiki), historii literatury, historii nauki, bibliologii i prasoznawstwa, omawianych przez badaczy polskich i zagranicznych. Część artykułów i edycji tekstów źródłowych, pisanych również przez pracowników Biblioteki, opartych jest na własnych bogatych zasobach, głównie Zbiorów Specjalnych i Gabinetu Rycin.
W 2006 roku ukazała się bibliografia Wydawnictwa Biblioteki za lata 1856-2006, autorstwa Małgorzaty Kremer i Anny Sroki.
ISSN: 1642-2503
eISSN: 2544-0500
Punkty MNiSW: 20
UIC ID: 504069
DOI: 10.4467/25440500RBN
Redakcja
Afiliacja
Polska Akademia Umiejętności
Data publikacji: 02.2024
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos, Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 3 - 7
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos, Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 9 - 22
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.001.19327Keepsakes of Wisława Szymborska in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow collection
As the year 2023 was announced the Year of Wisława Szymborska due to the 100th anniversary of her birth, it is a great opportunity to present the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Krakow. They have been gathered in the period from 1953 to 2011 and were not collected in a planned manner: they come from separate donations, legacies or purchases. These are poetry books published during Szymborska’s life (7), Italian issues in Pietro Marchesani’s translation with original collages or watercolours by Alina Kalczyńska, donated by her or a painter Leszek Dutka (5). The manuscripts collection contains 5 letters of the Poet to Witold Zechenter from the period 1970 1976 and her dedications in the books she gave to him in the period from 1953 to 1976 (9); these and numerous other dedications were cut out by Zechenter from books and kept as loose cards. Two dedications have been decorated with cutouts. Also the bookplates collection of the Library Printing Room contains 7 bookplates produced for Wisława Szymborska by respected Polish artists: Zbigniew Osenkowski, Roman Mucha, Czesław Woś, Helena Sawicka and Leszek Frey-Witkowski as well as two etching matrices of Stanisław Dawski’s works. Despite varying provenance and incompleteness, the keepsakes of Wisława Szymborska constitute an interesting collection for researchers and enthusiasts of her work. keepsakes of Wisława Szymborska constitute an interesting collection for researchers and enthusiasts of her work.
Łukasz Łukawski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 24 - 37
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.002.19328Manuscripts related to Jan Matejko in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and PAS collection
Due to the 185th anniversary of Jan Matejko’s birth and 130th of his death, to appreciate his artistic work as well as patriotic and social activity, the Senat of the Republic of Poland in its resolution of 16 November 2022 announced the year 2023 the Year of Jan Matejko. The celebrations of the Year of Jan Matejko create a perfect opportunity for an overview and familiarisation with keepsakes related to the Cracovian painter kept in the manuscripts collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Kra- kow. Among the most precious ones are the painter’s sketches from the album titled The Dead and Alive by a romantic poet Teofil Lenartowicz as well as letters written by Jan Matejko: three to the editorial board of “Kłosy” weekly magazine included in the collection of autographs gathered by Cyprian Walewski and two included in Stanisław Tomkowicz’s correspondence, related to artistic activity, financial matters as well as the artist’s health issues. Among various manuscripts there are some materials related to Jan Matejko’s life and arts, as well as those commemorating and critically analysing his life and activity, such as a manuscript of Jan Matejko’s artistic biography written by Stanisław Witkiewicz. A query revealed also numerous photographs showing the artist, some with his hand-written dedications. Thanks to the popularity of Jan Matejko’s paint- ings, the manuscripts collection includes also a great deal of replicas of his most famous but also some unique works printed on postcards, photographs and newspaper clips. The discovered materials do not form a coherent collection but through their diversity they can be considered an interesting source for the research on Jan Matejko’s life and work as well as on the perception of his paintings among his contemporaries and following generations.
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 39 - 60
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.003.19329Letters from Karol Piotrowicz to Władysław Semkowicz from the period between 1924 and 1938 in the collection of Jagiellonian Library in Krakow
The paper contains the edition of 16 letters from the period 1924–1938 written by Karol Piotrowicz, the last prewar Director of the Scientific Library of the PAAS, to his father-in-law, Władysław Semkowicz. The preserved correspondence is kept in the Jagiellonian University collection and contains a vast amount of information regarding family relations, scientific cooperation, source materials planned for publishing as well as other academic activities. What is more, the letters present the relations between the academic communities of Krakow and Warsaw. It is also a preliminary research on the biographies of Karol Piotrowicz and Władysław Semkowicz.
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 61 - 69
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.004.19330Literary games of the employees of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences: 1938 name day greetings for Karol Piotrowicz
The paper is a preliminary study for the biography of Karol Piotrowicz (1901–1940), a respected historian, Jagiellonian University professor, academic activist and a publisher. Since 1931 to 1939, he has also been the Director of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences; he successfully managed and modernised the Library. In Summer 1939, he was called into the Polish Army, and after the September Campaign was taken into Soviet slavery. In April 1940, in Kharkov, together with hundreds of other Polish prisoners, he was murdered by Russians. He bereaved wife and two daughters who stayed in Krakow.
Among the Karol Piotrowicz’s family documents kept by his grand daughters Teresa Wolska and Elżbieta Wolska, there are still some personal documents of Piotrowicz which will by donated to our Library in the future. Now we present the edition of one of these papers. It is a humorous work by some librarians, Karol Piotrowicz’s employees, given to him for his name day on November 4, 1938. It consists of 10 pages and contains a bibliography of works allegedly written by the library employees which is light-heart and full of allusions, accurately pointing at their professional interests as well as private passions and even weaknesses. The following pages contain short poems, anecdotes, humoresques and riddles. The author is not given but it may be assumed that the text was mainly created by Władysław Ogrodziński, a writer and a culture activist who became famous in the post-war period.
Such literary games practice was known among that time librarians and archivists. Some similar works written in the Jagiellonian Library or Ossolineum have also survived. The small miscellany presented here is not only a moving piece of work and a preliminary study for Karol Piotrowicz’s biography but also an interesting example of a bottom-up culture of our Library in the 1930s.
Karolina Targosz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 71 - 97
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.005.19331Madame de Sévignéand King John III Sobieski –the masters of 17th century French and Polish epistolography
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marchionesse de Sévigné (1626–1696) and John Sobieski (1629–1696) lived during almost the same period of time. The marchioness was three years older, they died in the same year. Lady de Sévigné became a famous epistologra- pher already during her life and shortly after she died. Sobieski’s letters got published only in the 19th c. and their literary value was underlined for the first time by a renown translator of French literature, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, who compared the king’s letters with those of madame de Sévigné.
What the marchioness’s and the king’s letters have in common is that these were all private letters to their closest and beloved ones -marchioness’s to her daughter, lady de Grignan and Sobieski’s to his wife, Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien. Due to the distance and longing, a uniquely inspiring epistolography was created. There are of course a lot of differences between their letters, however a number of common threads may be noticed. Many times did lady de Sévigné and Sobieski express a strong belief that their feelings towards the addressees are rare and extremely strong. Similarly, they considered them to possess exceptional traits, not only physical beauty but also outstanding spiritual and mental qualities.
In their letters they often articulated their concern about health issues, emphasising that their own physical state depends very much on the condition of their beloved ones. In- spired by Molier’s comedies they knew very well from books and theatres, they would also refer critically to doctors’ opinions.
The marchioness was also delighted with her daughter’s knowledge of medical issues and her interest in the philosophy of Descartes, describing it as “cartesienne” and call- ing the philosopher her spiritual father. Although Sobieski’s letters do not contain any philosophical reflection, he is known to be familiar with Cartesianism and to have kept the works of Descartes in his library.
What is characteristic for both collections of letters and also unique for this period, is a close and warm relation with children’s world – marchioness’s grandchildren and So- bieski’s children. The grandmother and father used to take a lot of interest in their health, cared about their illnesses, gave advice on intellectual development.
In the marchioness’s and the king’s letters some pre-romantic elements are also present which are visible in their attitude towards the nature – e.g. Lady de Sévigné mentioning her night walks under the moonlight and Sobieski contemplating the sunset.
Piotr Tylus
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 99 - 106
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.006.19332French culture in 18th c. Poland on the basis of the Jagiellonian Library French manuscripts collection
The article discusses the presence of French culture in Poland during the 18th century, specifically focusing on the presence of the French language based on a collection of French manuscripts stored in the Jagiellonian Library. Various types of texts are cov- ered here (political, diplomatic, administrative, as well as private correspondence, trav- el journals, scientific treatises, texts relevant to the study of Polish history, etc.) that are preserved in the Jagiellonian Library’s manuscript collection, authored or copied by Poles. The French manuscripts found in these collections are mainly of “Polish” origin, created in Poland; they were written by Poles and they vividly demonstrate the signifi- cant role played by the French language and French culture during the mentioned period.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 107 - 120
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.007.19333„Za pierwszym wstąpieniem ucałowałem ziemię egipską”. Jean-François Champollion in Alexandria (18 VIII – 14 IX 1828).
Based on Jean-François Champollion’s letter to his brother Jacques-Joseph Champollion- Figeac dated 28 August 1828, his stay of a few weeks in Alexandria beginning with the arrival of the corvette Églée is discussed. J.-F. Champollion was in charge of a Franco-Tuscan expedition heading for Cairo and further up the Nile to the region of the Second Cataract. In his letter Champollion devoted much attention to the description of Alexandria and the monuments he saw: Pompey’s Pillar and two obelisks known as Cleopatra’s Needles. He also reported on an audience with the Viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali. The letter in question (along with two others) was published in an anonymous translation in Volume VIII of „Dziennik Wileński” in 1829 (one year after the original publication in French).
Bernadeta Wilk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 121 - 138
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.008.19334Antoni Waga’s “Travel Journals” from Egypt
Antoni Waga (1799–1890), zoologist, pioneer in the applied entomology, teacher in secondary schools is Warsaw, bibliophile, erudite, a member of the Cracow Scientific Society (hereinafter: CSS) and the CSS Physiography Commission (since 1873 the Academy of Art and Science), participant of numerous scientific expeditions to Mediterranean countries as well as to Africa and Middle East. Antoni Waga’s journeys stemmed not only from his willingness to learn about the most distant corners of the world and their culture but most of all from his interest in nature and a passion for collecting insects. Pieces of Journals presented below refer to Antoni Waga’s memories from his journey to North-East Africa and include the researcher’s reports from his visit to Egypt in 1864 and 1879. The Journals come from Antoni Waga’s collection kept by the PAAS and the PAS Archive of Science file no. K III–141.
Ewelina Tarkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 139 - 163
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.009.19335Polish Post-November refugees in western France and the 1833 Portuguese expedition project
The idea produced by general officer Józef Bem and price Adam Jerzy Czartoryski to form a Polish Legion in Portugal in 1833 is an interesting subject in the context of international situation, French policy towards Polish post November refugees and as far as the situation within Polish emigration is concerned. Polish Legion was intended to participate in the Portuguese civil war on the side of the liberals and the supporters of constitutional monarchy. The Poles wanted to fight for the freedom of nations and were attracted by the perspective of military service in the Portuguese Army. French government informally supported the Poles expedition to Portugal perceiving it as a prospect of limiting expenditures on political refugees as well as an opportunity for calming down social anxiety, since the presence of Polish refugees in France caused numerous manifestations and riots. The Poles were allowed to gather on the West Coast of France. Initially, more than a dozen people went to the Breton island of Belle-Île where they spent a year and a half waiting for the opportunity to depart. Later on, the Poles were gathering in Nantes. As general officer Józef Bem’s idea was becoming less and less probable, some of them were directed to settle in Côtes-du-Nord department. Those determined to leave headed for the city of La Rochelle. The article presents the preparations for the Portuguese Expedition mostly from the perspective of the French authorities: how government decisions regulated the issues of the possible leave of the Poles and the engagement of French local authorities in this Polish project.
Krzysztof Ziomek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 165 - 187
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.010.19336Literature in the press of Polish diaspora in Brazil 1892–1920
Literature was published extensively in the nineteenth century Polish diaspora press in Brazil. Even the entire page of a four-page issue could be taken up by a piece of belles lettres. The use of literature, contrary to what has been suggested in the source literature, was not simply an effortless way to fill journals with interesting, popular content. Belles lettres were carefully chosen, for instance based on the author’s worldview preferences. In addition to fulfilling the cultural and ludic functions of the Polish diaspora press, which are of primary importance in this context, literature also served important edu- cational, informative, and religious functions. Publishing literary works was a way to maintain boundaries with the language and culture of the country of origin, and Polish diaspora activists used satire to conduct debates.
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 189 - 204
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.011.19337Aleksandra Czechówna’s two trips “To the waters”– to Iwonicz (1875) and Szczawnica (1880) (Selected Works)
Aleksandra Apolonia Czechówna (1839–1923) was the daughter of Tomasz Czech and Aleksandra nee Zielińska. The journal she was writing for her entire life – almost un interruptedly for 68 years (1856–1923) is kept in the National Archive in Krakow under file no. 29/1582/1–29/1582/44 (former file no. IT 428/1–428/44). It is a great source pre senting cultural and social life of Krakow during the second half of 19th century and first two decades of the 20th century.
During hot summer months people were willing to leave the city. They would often go to the countryside but also the “the waters” – spa towns, which offered not only a ther apeutic activity but also leisure and entertainment. Numerous doctors were more and more often promoting spa treatment. Aleksandra Czechówna, living in Krakow, was also trying to spend the dog days of summer away from the city. She would often visit her family in the countryside or go for trips around Krakow. But to help her health or just accompanying her parents, several times she had also a chance to visit spa towns, mostly Polish ones but also abroad.
The presented two accounts from Aleksandra Czechówna’s trips to “the baths” – to Iwonicz in 1875 and to Szczawnica 1880, create an interesting contributory studies of the daily life of that times when the habit of holiday trips and spa treatment was emerging and developing dynamically.
The text comes from two volumes of Aleksandra Czechówna’s “Journal”: vol. 14 file no. 29/1582/14 (former file no. IT 428/14) and vol. 18, file no. 29/1582/18 (former file no. IT 428/18).
Krystyna Pawłowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 205 - 222
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.012.19338Bartynowski’s Papers Materyały do ikonografii królów, zbroi i wojska polskiego
Władysław Bartynowski was a famous and remarkable numismatist active in Cracow at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century. In fact, he was a collector of various interests. Since early adulthood he used to collect old prints on various topics, including portrayals of famous Polish historical figures, coats of arms, old prints front pages, front page decorative frames etc. In 1882, the collection contained already 4200 units and it was not the end of his activity as a collector. Bartynowski used to work as an antiquar- ian so apart from the prints he owned, many more passed through his hands. He used to purchase them, sell and exchange. After some time, he became very well acquainted with this kind of works. The copies he produced were often so perfect that modern connoisseurs are sometimes unable to distinguish them from their originals. A piece of the collection was donated to the National Museum in Krakow.
At the end of his life, Bartynowski decided to publish a collection of prints to serve educational purposes for those who had no access to the originals. To this end, he hired a talented drawer, Karol Wawrosz, who arranged tables of prints redrawn by him or otherwise copied from originals according to their subject. The basis and source for these catalogues were the collections gathered throughout many years as well as Władysław Bartynowski’s knowledge.
This is how the work titled “Materyały do ikonografii królów zbroi i wojska polskiego” came into being. It consists of three big files titled Portrayals of kings, Army and Weapons and a notebook titled Materials containing detailed descriptions for tables and drawings. The work was published in print in 1908. It is in black and white, however a part of the volume was extra painted in watercolour by Bronisława Uhmowa, Władysław Bartynowski’s daughter, which add to the beauty of this work. Currently, the Bartynowski’s Files are available in a few libraries but only the black and white version. The paper presents the files in colour based on the copy from the family archive. Individual boards from these files, including the coloured ones, are sometimes to be found in antiquarian bookshops. Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper information on individual pages, they are commonly called the Wawrosz Files.
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 223 - 228
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.013.19339Monika Graczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 229 - 272
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.014.19340Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 273 - 274
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.015.19341Krzysztof Ziomek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 275 - 282
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.016.19342Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 283 - 289
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.017.19343Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos, Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 3 - 7
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos, Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 9 - 22
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.001.19327Keepsakes of Wisława Szymborska in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow collection
As the year 2023 was announced the Year of Wisława Szymborska due to the 100th anniversary of her birth, it is a great opportunity to present the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Krakow. They have been gathered in the period from 1953 to 2011 and were not collected in a planned manner: they come from separate donations, legacies or purchases. These are poetry books published during Szymborska’s life (7), Italian issues in Pietro Marchesani’s translation with original collages or watercolours by Alina Kalczyńska, donated by her or a painter Leszek Dutka (5). The manuscripts collection contains 5 letters of the Poet to Witold Zechenter from the period 1970 1976 and her dedications in the books she gave to him in the period from 1953 to 1976 (9); these and numerous other dedications were cut out by Zechenter from books and kept as loose cards. Two dedications have been decorated with cutouts. Also the bookplates collection of the Library Printing Room contains 7 bookplates produced for Wisława Szymborska by respected Polish artists: Zbigniew Osenkowski, Roman Mucha, Czesław Woś, Helena Sawicka and Leszek Frey-Witkowski as well as two etching matrices of Stanisław Dawski’s works. Despite varying provenance and incompleteness, the keepsakes of Wisława Szymborska constitute an interesting collection for researchers and enthusiasts of her work. keepsakes of Wisława Szymborska constitute an interesting collection for researchers and enthusiasts of her work.
Łukasz Łukawski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 24 - 37
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.002.19328Manuscripts related to Jan Matejko in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and PAS collection
Due to the 185th anniversary of Jan Matejko’s birth and 130th of his death, to appreciate his artistic work as well as patriotic and social activity, the Senat of the Republic of Poland in its resolution of 16 November 2022 announced the year 2023 the Year of Jan Matejko. The celebrations of the Year of Jan Matejko create a perfect opportunity for an overview and familiarisation with keepsakes related to the Cracovian painter kept in the manuscripts collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Kra- kow. Among the most precious ones are the painter’s sketches from the album titled The Dead and Alive by a romantic poet Teofil Lenartowicz as well as letters written by Jan Matejko: three to the editorial board of “Kłosy” weekly magazine included in the collection of autographs gathered by Cyprian Walewski and two included in Stanisław Tomkowicz’s correspondence, related to artistic activity, financial matters as well as the artist’s health issues. Among various manuscripts there are some materials related to Jan Matejko’s life and arts, as well as those commemorating and critically analysing his life and activity, such as a manuscript of Jan Matejko’s artistic biography written by Stanisław Witkiewicz. A query revealed also numerous photographs showing the artist, some with his hand-written dedications. Thanks to the popularity of Jan Matejko’s paint- ings, the manuscripts collection includes also a great deal of replicas of his most famous but also some unique works printed on postcards, photographs and newspaper clips. The discovered materials do not form a coherent collection but through their diversity they can be considered an interesting source for the research on Jan Matejko’s life and work as well as on the perception of his paintings among his contemporaries and following generations.
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 39 - 60
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.003.19329Letters from Karol Piotrowicz to Władysław Semkowicz from the period between 1924 and 1938 in the collection of Jagiellonian Library in Krakow
The paper contains the edition of 16 letters from the period 1924–1938 written by Karol Piotrowicz, the last prewar Director of the Scientific Library of the PAAS, to his father-in-law, Władysław Semkowicz. The preserved correspondence is kept in the Jagiellonian University collection and contains a vast amount of information regarding family relations, scientific cooperation, source materials planned for publishing as well as other academic activities. What is more, the letters present the relations between the academic communities of Krakow and Warsaw. It is also a preliminary research on the biographies of Karol Piotrowicz and Władysław Semkowicz.
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 61 - 69
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.004.19330Literary games of the employees of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences: 1938 name day greetings for Karol Piotrowicz
The paper is a preliminary study for the biography of Karol Piotrowicz (1901–1940), a respected historian, Jagiellonian University professor, academic activist and a publisher. Since 1931 to 1939, he has also been the Director of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences; he successfully managed and modernised the Library. In Summer 1939, he was called into the Polish Army, and after the September Campaign was taken into Soviet slavery. In April 1940, in Kharkov, together with hundreds of other Polish prisoners, he was murdered by Russians. He bereaved wife and two daughters who stayed in Krakow.
Among the Karol Piotrowicz’s family documents kept by his grand daughters Teresa Wolska and Elżbieta Wolska, there are still some personal documents of Piotrowicz which will by donated to our Library in the future. Now we present the edition of one of these papers. It is a humorous work by some librarians, Karol Piotrowicz’s employees, given to him for his name day on November 4, 1938. It consists of 10 pages and contains a bibliography of works allegedly written by the library employees which is light-heart and full of allusions, accurately pointing at their professional interests as well as private passions and even weaknesses. The following pages contain short poems, anecdotes, humoresques and riddles. The author is not given but it may be assumed that the text was mainly created by Władysław Ogrodziński, a writer and a culture activist who became famous in the post-war period.
Such literary games practice was known among that time librarians and archivists. Some similar works written in the Jagiellonian Library or Ossolineum have also survived. The small miscellany presented here is not only a moving piece of work and a preliminary study for Karol Piotrowicz’s biography but also an interesting example of a bottom-up culture of our Library in the 1930s.
Karolina Targosz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 71 - 97
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.005.19331Madame de Sévignéand King John III Sobieski –the masters of 17th century French and Polish epistolography
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marchionesse de Sévigné (1626–1696) and John Sobieski (1629–1696) lived during almost the same period of time. The marchioness was three years older, they died in the same year. Lady de Sévigné became a famous epistologra- pher already during her life and shortly after she died. Sobieski’s letters got published only in the 19th c. and their literary value was underlined for the first time by a renown translator of French literature, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, who compared the king’s letters with those of madame de Sévigné.
What the marchioness’s and the king’s letters have in common is that these were all private letters to their closest and beloved ones -marchioness’s to her daughter, lady de Grignan and Sobieski’s to his wife, Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien. Due to the distance and longing, a uniquely inspiring epistolography was created. There are of course a lot of differences between their letters, however a number of common threads may be noticed. Many times did lady de Sévigné and Sobieski express a strong belief that their feelings towards the addressees are rare and extremely strong. Similarly, they considered them to possess exceptional traits, not only physical beauty but also outstanding spiritual and mental qualities.
In their letters they often articulated their concern about health issues, emphasising that their own physical state depends very much on the condition of their beloved ones. In- spired by Molier’s comedies they knew very well from books and theatres, they would also refer critically to doctors’ opinions.
The marchioness was also delighted with her daughter’s knowledge of medical issues and her interest in the philosophy of Descartes, describing it as “cartesienne” and call- ing the philosopher her spiritual father. Although Sobieski’s letters do not contain any philosophical reflection, he is known to be familiar with Cartesianism and to have kept the works of Descartes in his library.
What is characteristic for both collections of letters and also unique for this period, is a close and warm relation with children’s world – marchioness’s grandchildren and So- bieski’s children. The grandmother and father used to take a lot of interest in their health, cared about their illnesses, gave advice on intellectual development.
In the marchioness’s and the king’s letters some pre-romantic elements are also present which are visible in their attitude towards the nature – e.g. Lady de Sévigné mentioning her night walks under the moonlight and Sobieski contemplating the sunset.
Piotr Tylus
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 99 - 106
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.006.19332French culture in 18th c. Poland on the basis of the Jagiellonian Library French manuscripts collection
The article discusses the presence of French culture in Poland during the 18th century, specifically focusing on the presence of the French language based on a collection of French manuscripts stored in the Jagiellonian Library. Various types of texts are cov- ered here (political, diplomatic, administrative, as well as private correspondence, trav- el journals, scientific treatises, texts relevant to the study of Polish history, etc.) that are preserved in the Jagiellonian Library’s manuscript collection, authored or copied by Poles. The French manuscripts found in these collections are mainly of “Polish” origin, created in Poland; they were written by Poles and they vividly demonstrate the signifi- cant role played by the French language and French culture during the mentioned period.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 107 - 120
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.007.19333„Za pierwszym wstąpieniem ucałowałem ziemię egipską”. Jean-François Champollion in Alexandria (18 VIII – 14 IX 1828).
Based on Jean-François Champollion’s letter to his brother Jacques-Joseph Champollion- Figeac dated 28 August 1828, his stay of a few weeks in Alexandria beginning with the arrival of the corvette Églée is discussed. J.-F. Champollion was in charge of a Franco-Tuscan expedition heading for Cairo and further up the Nile to the region of the Second Cataract. In his letter Champollion devoted much attention to the description of Alexandria and the monuments he saw: Pompey’s Pillar and two obelisks known as Cleopatra’s Needles. He also reported on an audience with the Viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali. The letter in question (along with two others) was published in an anonymous translation in Volume VIII of „Dziennik Wileński” in 1829 (one year after the original publication in French).
Bernadeta Wilk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 121 - 138
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.008.19334Antoni Waga’s “Travel Journals” from Egypt
Antoni Waga (1799–1890), zoologist, pioneer in the applied entomology, teacher in secondary schools is Warsaw, bibliophile, erudite, a member of the Cracow Scientific Society (hereinafter: CSS) and the CSS Physiography Commission (since 1873 the Academy of Art and Science), participant of numerous scientific expeditions to Mediterranean countries as well as to Africa and Middle East. Antoni Waga’s journeys stemmed not only from his willingness to learn about the most distant corners of the world and their culture but most of all from his interest in nature and a passion for collecting insects. Pieces of Journals presented below refer to Antoni Waga’s memories from his journey to North-East Africa and include the researcher’s reports from his visit to Egypt in 1864 and 1879. The Journals come from Antoni Waga’s collection kept by the PAAS and the PAS Archive of Science file no. K III–141.
Ewelina Tarkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 139 - 163
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.009.19335Polish Post-November refugees in western France and the 1833 Portuguese expedition project
The idea produced by general officer Józef Bem and price Adam Jerzy Czartoryski to form a Polish Legion in Portugal in 1833 is an interesting subject in the context of international situation, French policy towards Polish post November refugees and as far as the situation within Polish emigration is concerned. Polish Legion was intended to participate in the Portuguese civil war on the side of the liberals and the supporters of constitutional monarchy. The Poles wanted to fight for the freedom of nations and were attracted by the perspective of military service in the Portuguese Army. French government informally supported the Poles expedition to Portugal perceiving it as a prospect of limiting expenditures on political refugees as well as an opportunity for calming down social anxiety, since the presence of Polish refugees in France caused numerous manifestations and riots. The Poles were allowed to gather on the West Coast of France. Initially, more than a dozen people went to the Breton island of Belle-Île where they spent a year and a half waiting for the opportunity to depart. Later on, the Poles were gathering in Nantes. As general officer Józef Bem’s idea was becoming less and less probable, some of them were directed to settle in Côtes-du-Nord department. Those determined to leave headed for the city of La Rochelle. The article presents the preparations for the Portuguese Expedition mostly from the perspective of the French authorities: how government decisions regulated the issues of the possible leave of the Poles and the engagement of French local authorities in this Polish project.
Krzysztof Ziomek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 165 - 187
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.010.19336Literature in the press of Polish diaspora in Brazil 1892–1920
Literature was published extensively in the nineteenth century Polish diaspora press in Brazil. Even the entire page of a four-page issue could be taken up by a piece of belles lettres. The use of literature, contrary to what has been suggested in the source literature, was not simply an effortless way to fill journals with interesting, popular content. Belles lettres were carefully chosen, for instance based on the author’s worldview preferences. In addition to fulfilling the cultural and ludic functions of the Polish diaspora press, which are of primary importance in this context, literature also served important edu- cational, informative, and religious functions. Publishing literary works was a way to maintain boundaries with the language and culture of the country of origin, and Polish diaspora activists used satire to conduct debates.
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 189 - 204
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.011.19337Aleksandra Czechówna’s two trips “To the waters”– to Iwonicz (1875) and Szczawnica (1880) (Selected Works)
Aleksandra Apolonia Czechówna (1839–1923) was the daughter of Tomasz Czech and Aleksandra nee Zielińska. The journal she was writing for her entire life – almost un interruptedly for 68 years (1856–1923) is kept in the National Archive in Krakow under file no. 29/1582/1–29/1582/44 (former file no. IT 428/1–428/44). It is a great source pre senting cultural and social life of Krakow during the second half of 19th century and first two decades of the 20th century.
During hot summer months people were willing to leave the city. They would often go to the countryside but also the “the waters” – spa towns, which offered not only a ther apeutic activity but also leisure and entertainment. Numerous doctors were more and more often promoting spa treatment. Aleksandra Czechówna, living in Krakow, was also trying to spend the dog days of summer away from the city. She would often visit her family in the countryside or go for trips around Krakow. But to help her health or just accompanying her parents, several times she had also a chance to visit spa towns, mostly Polish ones but also abroad.
The presented two accounts from Aleksandra Czechówna’s trips to “the baths” – to Iwonicz in 1875 and to Szczawnica 1880, create an interesting contributory studies of the daily life of that times when the habit of holiday trips and spa treatment was emerging and developing dynamically.
The text comes from two volumes of Aleksandra Czechówna’s “Journal”: vol. 14 file no. 29/1582/14 (former file no. IT 428/14) and vol. 18, file no. 29/1582/18 (former file no. IT 428/18).
Krystyna Pawłowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 205 - 222
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.012.19338Bartynowski’s Papers Materyały do ikonografii królów, zbroi i wojska polskiego
Władysław Bartynowski was a famous and remarkable numismatist active in Cracow at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century. In fact, he was a collector of various interests. Since early adulthood he used to collect old prints on various topics, including portrayals of famous Polish historical figures, coats of arms, old prints front pages, front page decorative frames etc. In 1882, the collection contained already 4200 units and it was not the end of his activity as a collector. Bartynowski used to work as an antiquar- ian so apart from the prints he owned, many more passed through his hands. He used to purchase them, sell and exchange. After some time, he became very well acquainted with this kind of works. The copies he produced were often so perfect that modern connoisseurs are sometimes unable to distinguish them from their originals. A piece of the collection was donated to the National Museum in Krakow.
At the end of his life, Bartynowski decided to publish a collection of prints to serve educational purposes for those who had no access to the originals. To this end, he hired a talented drawer, Karol Wawrosz, who arranged tables of prints redrawn by him or otherwise copied from originals according to their subject. The basis and source for these catalogues were the collections gathered throughout many years as well as Władysław Bartynowski’s knowledge.
This is how the work titled “Materyały do ikonografii królów zbroi i wojska polskiego” came into being. It consists of three big files titled Portrayals of kings, Army and Weapons and a notebook titled Materials containing detailed descriptions for tables and drawings. The work was published in print in 1908. It is in black and white, however a part of the volume was extra painted in watercolour by Bronisława Uhmowa, Władysław Bartynowski’s daughter, which add to the beauty of this work. Currently, the Bartynowski’s Files are available in a few libraries but only the black and white version. The paper presents the files in colour based on the copy from the family archive. Individual boards from these files, including the coloured ones, are sometimes to be found in antiquarian bookshops. Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper information on individual pages, they are commonly called the Wawrosz Files.
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 223 - 228
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.013.19339Monika Graczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 229 - 272
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.014.19340Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 273 - 274
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.015.19341Krzysztof Ziomek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 275 - 282
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.016.19342Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVIII (2023), 2023, s. 283 - 289
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.23.017.19343Data publikacji: 2022
Redaktor naczelny: Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Łukasz Łukawski, Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 7 - 26
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.002.17357Old prints and manuscripts related to Józef Wybicki in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow collections
In relation to the announcement of the Polish Sejm made on 14 October 2021 that one of the patrons of the year 2022 shall be Józef Wybicki (1747–1822), a politician, poet, play-writer and the author of the Polish national anthem, we decided to make a review of the keepsakes after him gathered in the Special Collections of our Library. As a result of a broad query, one hand-written letter has been found, written by Wybicki to Hugon Kołłątaj on 2 June 1810. The other nine groups of manuscripts contain either copies of Wybicki’s works or notes and texts related to him, gathered by 19th and 20th c. researchers, and finally an interesting motion to set up a monument of Wybicki, funded by private contributors, submitted in 1904 by Stanisław Witkiewicz. These scriptures are not consistent with each other as they are pieces of some greater manuscript legacies. Eight of them come from different donors, two were purchased in 1958–1960 in antiquarian bookshops in Cracow. They are of marginal significance as far as the research of Wybicki’s achievements is concerned.
What was much more interesting, were the results of an old prints query. The Wybicki’s literary legacy is represented by thirteen 18th c. titles and three from the beginning of 19th c., bearing twenty two shelf marks. This vast amount of keepsakes related to Józef Wybicki results from Cyprian Walewski’s testamentary legacy, from which sixteen shelf marks come. Some of the political scriptures assigned to Wybicki have been published anonymously, therefore the question of their authorship remains open. The overview of publications is presented in chronological order. First three works come from 1870s and are related to the beginnings of Wybicki’s political activity to support king Stanisław August, by counsellor Andrzej Zamoyski’s side, and discusses the necessity of social and political changes in Poland. As this project failed, in year to come Wybicki backed out from politics and devoted himself mostly to writing plays, which are represented by one comedy and three operas. The works from the last decade of 18th c. show Józef Wybicki as a person who was active wherever the issues most significant for Poland were decided. These are political scriptures from the period of the Four-Year Sejm, an appeal issued in Warsaw during the Kościuszko uprising and a brochure in French issued in exile in Paris after the Third Partition of Poland. Wybicki’s lesser known interests are represented by a geography textbook published in 1811, containing one of the first descriptions of the geography and economy of the Duchy of Warsaw. The last writing to be discussed includes Wybicki’s views on political systems, which was published three years before his death. Although these sixteen pieces constitute only a part of Wybicki’s work, they seem to well represent its character as well as illustrate the author’s interests and his patriotic engagement.
Key words: The Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow, Józef Wybicki, manuscripts, old prints, library collections, political scriptures, plays, correspondence
Karolina Grodziska, Maria Radziszewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 27 - 36
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.003.17358Manuscripts and keepsakes after Maria Konopnicka in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow collection
On the occasion of proclaiming Maria Konopnicka one of the patrons of the year 2022, the manuscripts and keepsakes after her gathered in the Scientific Library of PAAS and the PAS in Cracow will be presented. The collection contains the poetess’s 48 hand-written letters addressed to i.a. Teofil Lenartowicz, Stanislaw Tomkowicz and, also to Józef Tretiak and Adolf Pawiński, which until now remained unpublished. Apart from the correspondence, the Library collection includes also 23 shelf marks related to Maria Konopnicka. These are among others some writings regarding her literary activity as well as poems and their copies prepared by i.a. a famous painter, Bronislawa Rychter-Janowska. Worth to pay attention to are also three photographies of the poet included in the collection. The documentation of a monument designed by Janina Reichert-Toth, planned by the Lviv city authorities to commemorate Maria Konopnicka but which failed to be built due to the outbreak of World War II, has been preserved. The vast majority of works related to Konopnicka were donated to the Library, only some were purchased in antiquarian bookshops.
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 37 - 46
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.004.17359The policy of Bolko II the Small, the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor regarding the Knights Hospitaller
The article is devoted to the relations between Bolko II the Small, the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor, ruling in the years 1326–1368, and the Order of Knights of the numerous contacts with the knights, including confirmations of different transactions given on their request. The relations of Bolko with the receptories in Tyniec nad Ślężą, Lwówek Śląski, Rychbach and Strzegom are being discussed and the Duke’s input into the foundation process of a new monastery in Rychbach in 1338 presented. The relations with the Knights Hospitaller were of much significance due to the prestige and importance of the order.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 47 - 56
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.005.17360La Pierre Eternelle ou soit la Glaura Augurelli Philosofi Angli. The mysteries of the recipe in The queen Sobieska’a Book of Kabballah, manuscript no. 2284 of the Jagiellonian Library
The article discusses one of the recipes included in manuscript no. 2284 held by the Jagiellonian Library (card 125r-126r), rewritten in French by Maria Kazimiera Sobieska. The manuscript contains various recipes including those gathered and rewritten by the queen widow herself while she was in Rome from 1699 to 1714. The title includes the words La Pierre Eternelle, that is the Philosopher‘s Stone, herafter Glaura Augurelli, which should be understood as the name of the Glaura nymph, a character in the poem titled Chrysopoeia by Giovanni Aurelio Augurello (1441–1524), an Italian poet, mistakenly called Philosofi Angli, due to Augurello’s popularity in this country. These last words were written in the language similar to Polish, which was common in Maria Kazimiera’s writings. The recipe contains a formula for the Philosopher’s Stone, which alchemists considered a means to obtain gold, but was also regarded as a remedy for all diseases. The Chrysopoeia poem describes the Philosopher’s Stone creation process, the mythological history of Lynceus, the participant in the quest for the Golden Fleece, and the Glaura nymph is another name for the Philosopher’s Stone. The discussed recipe, as well as the cabbalistic and numerological works gathered in the manuscript no. 2284 by Maria Kazimiera, contrary to popular opinion, presents her as a person deeply rooted in the elitist mindset of the turn of the 17th c. During her stay in Rome, she, like Krystyna Szwedzka, entered the circle of persons associated with studia humanitatis, and on the 16th September 1699 was admitted to the Accademia dell’Arcadia where she was renamed Amirisca Telea.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 57 - 70
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.006.17361Józef Julian Sękowski’s farewell lecture The University of Saint Petersburg, 1847
The aim of this paper is to present the last period of Józef Sękowski’s/Osip Iwanowicz Sienkowski’s cooperation with the academic community of the University of St. Petersburg. His farewell lecture (O driewnosti imieni Russow) was intended as an affront to the university and was widely commented as such. The lecture was not delivered by Sękowski himself but read on his request by one of his co-workers; the text has never been published. The remembrance of this event and the accounts of its course have been preserved in memories of its witnesses. A larger fragment from the Kalejdoskop wospominanij (1874) by Józef Przecławski “Ciprinus” regarding this event, not yet translated into Polish, has been quoted in own translation by the author of the paper. Thanks to this account, containing some additional explanations, one can become familiarised with the events back then. Sękowski’s controversial lecture resonated also in fiction. Its repercussions can be found in Vieniamin Kavierin’s novel titled Skandalist, ili wieczera na Wasiliewskim Ostrowie (1928). Kavierin, who graduated from oriental studies in Petrograd (1920–1923), was very well acquainted with Sękowski’s biography, mainly as the author of a broad monograph titled Baron Brambieus. Istoria Osipa Sienkowskogo żurnalista, riedaktora “Bibliotieki dlja cztienija” (1929, 1966).
Dawne fotografie dotyczące życia i twórczości Jana Matejki w zbiorach Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 71 - 84
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.007.17362Old photographs about Jan Matejko’s life and work in the collection of the National Archives in Cracow
The collection of the National Archives in Cracow contain 66 photographs related to Jan Matejko. They were taken in the period from 1860s till 1939, mostly by photographers from Cracow and Warsaw, but the authorship of some of them remains unknown. Due to their subject, the photographs may be divided into four groups: 1) presenting Jan Matejko (6 likenesses) and documenting his funeral (2); 2) photographs documenting the artist’s works (47 items); 3) photographs related to Jan Matejko’s house as a museum (7 photographs) and 4) photographs taken during Jan Matejko’s 100th birthday anniversary (4 photos). Most of the photographs, that is 47, have been donated. But the Archives also tried to purchase some key materials. This way 14 (or 15) photographies have been obtained. The provenance of 3 of the photographs remains unknown.
The photographs gathered in the National Archives in Cracow create an interesting collection, which, although not very wide, contains some precious items (works lost or damaged during World War II), which are particularly important for the researchers interested in the artist’s life and activity. Especially on the grounds that every photograph related to Jan Matejko is of undeniable value.
Key words: photography, Jan Matejko, Cracow, National Archives in Cracow
Krystyna Pawłowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 85 - 101
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.008.17363From the printing of engravings, through the facsimilation of old prints, to the bartynotype of numismatic items, or About the Stripes and Works of Władysław Bartynowski
Władysław Bartynowski was a famous Polish numismatist active in the second half of 19th century in Cracow. Apart from coins, his collection included also old historical graphics, prints and books. He worked as an antiquarian and publisher, and his key aim was to protect Polish cultural heritage and works of art representing his areas of interest. Therefore, he was not only collecting and trading, but also cataloguing, maintaining and reproducing prints, graphics , books and coins. Motivated by patriotic feelings, he used to take care of the safety of relics he received and the availability of copies to all interested parties. He was one of the first Polish makers of old prints facsimiles, which he called the likenesses. As an editor of „Wiadomości Archeologiczno-Numizmatyczne”, he tried to improve the method of reproduction of coins and medals on paper. In relations to that, he invented own method of hollow graphic reproduction of numismates on paper. These prints, called bartynotypes, were used mainly for cataloguing of the collection of count Andrzej Potocki. Unfortunately, the collection, like many other relics, was damaged or dispersed due to World Wars. Bartynowski’s reproductions remain the only relic of the lost works of numismatic, graphic and printing art, as well as the art of medals. He donated the greater part of the collection to the Czapski Muzeum he established together with the count Emeryk Hutten-Czapski and his wife.
The paper on the Władysław Bartynowski’s publishing portfolio is based mostly on his family archive. It is one of the chapters of a planned book about the Bartynowski Family.
Key words: graphic, old print, Batrynowski’s method of coin reproduction, Bartynowski
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 103 - 110
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.009.17364Japonica in the archives left after Bronisław Piłsudski in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow (10). Motonaga Murao and his Postcard Message
The tenth installment of the series introducing Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow focuses on a postcard message written in refined cursive script style labeled草書体 sōshotai (not necessarily correctly translated as ‘grass script’) quite difficult to decipher. When deciphered, the message seemed easy to translate but a reconstruction of possible sequence of events proved necessary. The author of the message and the calligraphy was Motonaga Murao, a high-ranking state servant, formerly working in the Hokkaido Development (~ Colonization) Agency (~Commission) and Hokkaido historian, educator, and author of several fundamental publications on the island and its development, works on the Ainu included. The message itself is doubtlessly a response to Piłsudski’s apparent request to meet – again doubtlessly – to exchange the knowledge and experience concerning the people of interest to both: the Ainu. The installment provides also information on Murao and his accomplishments.
Key words: Bronisław Piłsudski, Motonaga Murao, Ainu, Hokkaido, japonica in Cracow
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 111 - 121
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.010.17365“Manusripts of the Cossacks”. The history of the manuscripts collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow
The article discusses an unknown episode from the history of our library, related to the donation of several dozen 17th and 18th c. documents on Cossacks done in 1954 by the Polish Academy of Sciences on the request of the Ministry of Culture and Arts of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. These were the proclamations by Bogdan Chmielnicki and his son Jerzy (Jurek) as well as priviliges bestowed to Cossacks by empress Anna and empress Elisabeth. The original documents were included in manuscripts no. 270, 1678 and 1679. The first one was donated in 1866, the other two in the years 1906–1912.
The manuscript no. 270 was donated in 1866 to the then existing Cracow Scientific Society. It was provided by Stanisław Filip Krzyżanowski (1841–1881), the owner of an estate in the former Bracław voivodeship, collector of paintings, old coins, manuscripts and old prints, a historian and publisher of writings, a member of the Cracow Scientific Society. The group of scriptures donated by him contained 49 manuscripts and 20 parchment diplomas. Its valuable and homogeneous part are the so-called Manuscripts of the Cossacks, including among others 17th-19th proclamations issued by subsequent Cossack hetmans, court files and numerous documents on the political, economic, social and church history of eastern Poland – the Podolian, Volhynian and Bracław voivodeships. The entire donation was described in the catalogue of manuscripts issued in 1906 by Jan Czubek, the Academy librarian, and has been present in scientific literature since then. The manuscripts with shelf marks 1678 and 1679 were donated to the Academy after the publication of the catalogue, therefore they were described in the second volume published in 1912. Unfortunately, their descriptions do not contain the provenance or the donor’s name. They include 25 and 34 original ukases of the Russian empresses addressed to the Hetmans of Zaporizhian Cossacks: Danylo Apostol (from the years 1730– 1733) and Kyrylo Razumovsky (from the year 1751–1753). After the second volume of Czubek’s catalogue was published, they also became widely known to the historians.
In 1947, in new political circumstances, the Polish–Soviet Friendship Society on behalf of the Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR requested the Polish Academy of Art and Science to take photographs of Chmielnicki’s proclamations. The PAAS management gave its consent. A few years later, the PAAS assets and collections were taken over by the newly created Polish Academy of Sciences, which was recognised as a politically correct unit by the Communist authorities. In 1954, the PAS Printing Houses and Libraries Office in Warsaw, on behalf of the Ministry of Culture and Art, took the original documents from the above mentioned manuscripts away from the Library (then the PAS Library in Cracow). They were donated to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
The only trace of this forced “donation to the fraternal nation” to be found in sources is the correspondence related to the handover of the photocopies of taken documents by the PAS Printing Houses and Libraries Office that is included in the Library archives. It took place in December 1954 and the photocopies (of good quality) are still kept in the Library collection. However, the order to hand over the originals is absent. According to the library oral tradition, a message about the order was issued on the phone. The exact date, author of the idea, the names of political principals or Polish implementers of these notorious endeavour remain unknown. A detailed query in the archives of the Ministry of Culture and Art and the chief authorities of the Polish United Workers’ Party may possibly give an answer to these questions.
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 123 - 157
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.011.17366Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos, Marcin A. Klemenski, Marcin K. Klemenski, Krzysztof Ziomek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 159 - 164
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.012.17367Katarzyna Haber
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 165 - 168
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.013.17368Rafał Ciesielski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 169 - 177
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.014.17369Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 179 - 182
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.015.17370Łukasz Łukawski, Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 7 - 26
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.002.17357Old prints and manuscripts related to Józef Wybicki in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow collections
In relation to the announcement of the Polish Sejm made on 14 October 2021 that one of the patrons of the year 2022 shall be Józef Wybicki (1747–1822), a politician, poet, play-writer and the author of the Polish national anthem, we decided to make a review of the keepsakes after him gathered in the Special Collections of our Library. As a result of a broad query, one hand-written letter has been found, written by Wybicki to Hugon Kołłątaj on 2 June 1810. The other nine groups of manuscripts contain either copies of Wybicki’s works or notes and texts related to him, gathered by 19th and 20th c. researchers, and finally an interesting motion to set up a monument of Wybicki, funded by private contributors, submitted in 1904 by Stanisław Witkiewicz. These scriptures are not consistent with each other as they are pieces of some greater manuscript legacies. Eight of them come from different donors, two were purchased in 1958–1960 in antiquarian bookshops in Cracow. They are of marginal significance as far as the research of Wybicki’s achievements is concerned.
What was much more interesting, were the results of an old prints query. The Wybicki’s literary legacy is represented by thirteen 18th c. titles and three from the beginning of 19th c., bearing twenty two shelf marks. This vast amount of keepsakes related to Józef Wybicki results from Cyprian Walewski’s testamentary legacy, from which sixteen shelf marks come. Some of the political scriptures assigned to Wybicki have been published anonymously, therefore the question of their authorship remains open. The overview of publications is presented in chronological order. First three works come from 1870s and are related to the beginnings of Wybicki’s political activity to support king Stanisław August, by counsellor Andrzej Zamoyski’s side, and discusses the necessity of social and political changes in Poland. As this project failed, in year to come Wybicki backed out from politics and devoted himself mostly to writing plays, which are represented by one comedy and three operas. The works from the last decade of 18th c. show Józef Wybicki as a person who was active wherever the issues most significant for Poland were decided. These are political scriptures from the period of the Four-Year Sejm, an appeal issued in Warsaw during the Kościuszko uprising and a brochure in French issued in exile in Paris after the Third Partition of Poland. Wybicki’s lesser known interests are represented by a geography textbook published in 1811, containing one of the first descriptions of the geography and economy of the Duchy of Warsaw. The last writing to be discussed includes Wybicki’s views on political systems, which was published three years before his death. Although these sixteen pieces constitute only a part of Wybicki’s work, they seem to well represent its character as well as illustrate the author’s interests and his patriotic engagement.
Key words: The Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow, Józef Wybicki, manuscripts, old prints, library collections, political scriptures, plays, correspondence
Karolina Grodziska, Maria Radziszewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 27 - 36
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.003.17358Manuscripts and keepsakes after Maria Konopnicka in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow collection
On the occasion of proclaiming Maria Konopnicka one of the patrons of the year 2022, the manuscripts and keepsakes after her gathered in the Scientific Library of PAAS and the PAS in Cracow will be presented. The collection contains the poetess’s 48 hand-written letters addressed to i.a. Teofil Lenartowicz, Stanislaw Tomkowicz and, also to Józef Tretiak and Adolf Pawiński, which until now remained unpublished. Apart from the correspondence, the Library collection includes also 23 shelf marks related to Maria Konopnicka. These are among others some writings regarding her literary activity as well as poems and their copies prepared by i.a. a famous painter, Bronislawa Rychter-Janowska. Worth to pay attention to are also three photographies of the poet included in the collection. The documentation of a monument designed by Janina Reichert-Toth, planned by the Lviv city authorities to commemorate Maria Konopnicka but which failed to be built due to the outbreak of World War II, has been preserved. The vast majority of works related to Konopnicka were donated to the Library, only some were purchased in antiquarian bookshops.
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 37 - 46
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.004.17359The policy of Bolko II the Small, the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor regarding the Knights Hospitaller
The article is devoted to the relations between Bolko II the Small, the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor, ruling in the years 1326–1368, and the Order of Knights of the numerous contacts with the knights, including confirmations of different transactions given on their request. The relations of Bolko with the receptories in Tyniec nad Ślężą, Lwówek Śląski, Rychbach and Strzegom are being discussed and the Duke’s input into the foundation process of a new monastery in Rychbach in 1338 presented. The relations with the Knights Hospitaller were of much significance due to the prestige and importance of the order.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 47 - 56
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.005.17360La Pierre Eternelle ou soit la Glaura Augurelli Philosofi Angli. The mysteries of the recipe in The queen Sobieska’a Book of Kabballah, manuscript no. 2284 of the Jagiellonian Library
The article discusses one of the recipes included in manuscript no. 2284 held by the Jagiellonian Library (card 125r-126r), rewritten in French by Maria Kazimiera Sobieska. The manuscript contains various recipes including those gathered and rewritten by the queen widow herself while she was in Rome from 1699 to 1714. The title includes the words La Pierre Eternelle, that is the Philosopher‘s Stone, herafter Glaura Augurelli, which should be understood as the name of the Glaura nymph, a character in the poem titled Chrysopoeia by Giovanni Aurelio Augurello (1441–1524), an Italian poet, mistakenly called Philosofi Angli, due to Augurello’s popularity in this country. These last words were written in the language similar to Polish, which was common in Maria Kazimiera’s writings. The recipe contains a formula for the Philosopher’s Stone, which alchemists considered a means to obtain gold, but was also regarded as a remedy for all diseases. The Chrysopoeia poem describes the Philosopher’s Stone creation process, the mythological history of Lynceus, the participant in the quest for the Golden Fleece, and the Glaura nymph is another name for the Philosopher’s Stone. The discussed recipe, as well as the cabbalistic and numerological works gathered in the manuscript no. 2284 by Maria Kazimiera, contrary to popular opinion, presents her as a person deeply rooted in the elitist mindset of the turn of the 17th c. During her stay in Rome, she, like Krystyna Szwedzka, entered the circle of persons associated with studia humanitatis, and on the 16th September 1699 was admitted to the Accademia dell’Arcadia where she was renamed Amirisca Telea.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 57 - 70
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.006.17361Józef Julian Sękowski’s farewell lecture The University of Saint Petersburg, 1847
The aim of this paper is to present the last period of Józef Sękowski’s/Osip Iwanowicz Sienkowski’s cooperation with the academic community of the University of St. Petersburg. His farewell lecture (O driewnosti imieni Russow) was intended as an affront to the university and was widely commented as such. The lecture was not delivered by Sękowski himself but read on his request by one of his co-workers; the text has never been published. The remembrance of this event and the accounts of its course have been preserved in memories of its witnesses. A larger fragment from the Kalejdoskop wospominanij (1874) by Józef Przecławski “Ciprinus” regarding this event, not yet translated into Polish, has been quoted in own translation by the author of the paper. Thanks to this account, containing some additional explanations, one can become familiarised with the events back then. Sękowski’s controversial lecture resonated also in fiction. Its repercussions can be found in Vieniamin Kavierin’s novel titled Skandalist, ili wieczera na Wasiliewskim Ostrowie (1928). Kavierin, who graduated from oriental studies in Petrograd (1920–1923), was very well acquainted with Sękowski’s biography, mainly as the author of a broad monograph titled Baron Brambieus. Istoria Osipa Sienkowskogo żurnalista, riedaktora “Bibliotieki dlja cztienija” (1929, 1966).
Dawne fotografie dotyczące życia i twórczości Jana Matejki w zbiorach Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 71 - 84
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.007.17362Old photographs about Jan Matejko’s life and work in the collection of the National Archives in Cracow
The collection of the National Archives in Cracow contain 66 photographs related to Jan Matejko. They were taken in the period from 1860s till 1939, mostly by photographers from Cracow and Warsaw, but the authorship of some of them remains unknown. Due to their subject, the photographs may be divided into four groups: 1) presenting Jan Matejko (6 likenesses) and documenting his funeral (2); 2) photographs documenting the artist’s works (47 items); 3) photographs related to Jan Matejko’s house as a museum (7 photographs) and 4) photographs taken during Jan Matejko’s 100th birthday anniversary (4 photos). Most of the photographs, that is 47, have been donated. But the Archives also tried to purchase some key materials. This way 14 (or 15) photographies have been obtained. The provenance of 3 of the photographs remains unknown.
The photographs gathered in the National Archives in Cracow create an interesting collection, which, although not very wide, contains some precious items (works lost or damaged during World War II), which are particularly important for the researchers interested in the artist’s life and activity. Especially on the grounds that every photograph related to Jan Matejko is of undeniable value.
Key words: photography, Jan Matejko, Cracow, National Archives in Cracow
Krystyna Pawłowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 85 - 101
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.008.17363From the printing of engravings, through the facsimilation of old prints, to the bartynotype of numismatic items, or About the Stripes and Works of Władysław Bartynowski
Władysław Bartynowski was a famous Polish numismatist active in the second half of 19th century in Cracow. Apart from coins, his collection included also old historical graphics, prints and books. He worked as an antiquarian and publisher, and his key aim was to protect Polish cultural heritage and works of art representing his areas of interest. Therefore, he was not only collecting and trading, but also cataloguing, maintaining and reproducing prints, graphics , books and coins. Motivated by patriotic feelings, he used to take care of the safety of relics he received and the availability of copies to all interested parties. He was one of the first Polish makers of old prints facsimiles, which he called the likenesses. As an editor of „Wiadomości Archeologiczno-Numizmatyczne”, he tried to improve the method of reproduction of coins and medals on paper. In relations to that, he invented own method of hollow graphic reproduction of numismates on paper. These prints, called bartynotypes, were used mainly for cataloguing of the collection of count Andrzej Potocki. Unfortunately, the collection, like many other relics, was damaged or dispersed due to World Wars. Bartynowski’s reproductions remain the only relic of the lost works of numismatic, graphic and printing art, as well as the art of medals. He donated the greater part of the collection to the Czapski Muzeum he established together with the count Emeryk Hutten-Czapski and his wife.
The paper on the Władysław Bartynowski’s publishing portfolio is based mostly on his family archive. It is one of the chapters of a planned book about the Bartynowski Family.
Key words: graphic, old print, Batrynowski’s method of coin reproduction, Bartynowski
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 103 - 110
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.009.17364Japonica in the archives left after Bronisław Piłsudski in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow (10). Motonaga Murao and his Postcard Message
The tenth installment of the series introducing Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow focuses on a postcard message written in refined cursive script style labeled草書体 sōshotai (not necessarily correctly translated as ‘grass script’) quite difficult to decipher. When deciphered, the message seemed easy to translate but a reconstruction of possible sequence of events proved necessary. The author of the message and the calligraphy was Motonaga Murao, a high-ranking state servant, formerly working in the Hokkaido Development (~ Colonization) Agency (~Commission) and Hokkaido historian, educator, and author of several fundamental publications on the island and its development, works on the Ainu included. The message itself is doubtlessly a response to Piłsudski’s apparent request to meet – again doubtlessly – to exchange the knowledge and experience concerning the people of interest to both: the Ainu. The installment provides also information on Murao and his accomplishments.
Key words: Bronisław Piłsudski, Motonaga Murao, Ainu, Hokkaido, japonica in Cracow
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 111 - 121
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.010.17365“Manusripts of the Cossacks”. The history of the manuscripts collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow
The article discusses an unknown episode from the history of our library, related to the donation of several dozen 17th and 18th c. documents on Cossacks done in 1954 by the Polish Academy of Sciences on the request of the Ministry of Culture and Arts of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. These were the proclamations by Bogdan Chmielnicki and his son Jerzy (Jurek) as well as priviliges bestowed to Cossacks by empress Anna and empress Elisabeth. The original documents were included in manuscripts no. 270, 1678 and 1679. The first one was donated in 1866, the other two in the years 1906–1912.
The manuscript no. 270 was donated in 1866 to the then existing Cracow Scientific Society. It was provided by Stanisław Filip Krzyżanowski (1841–1881), the owner of an estate in the former Bracław voivodeship, collector of paintings, old coins, manuscripts and old prints, a historian and publisher of writings, a member of the Cracow Scientific Society. The group of scriptures donated by him contained 49 manuscripts and 20 parchment diplomas. Its valuable and homogeneous part are the so-called Manuscripts of the Cossacks, including among others 17th-19th proclamations issued by subsequent Cossack hetmans, court files and numerous documents on the political, economic, social and church history of eastern Poland – the Podolian, Volhynian and Bracław voivodeships. The entire donation was described in the catalogue of manuscripts issued in 1906 by Jan Czubek, the Academy librarian, and has been present in scientific literature since then. The manuscripts with shelf marks 1678 and 1679 were donated to the Academy after the publication of the catalogue, therefore they were described in the second volume published in 1912. Unfortunately, their descriptions do not contain the provenance or the donor’s name. They include 25 and 34 original ukases of the Russian empresses addressed to the Hetmans of Zaporizhian Cossacks: Danylo Apostol (from the years 1730– 1733) and Kyrylo Razumovsky (from the year 1751–1753). After the second volume of Czubek’s catalogue was published, they also became widely known to the historians.
In 1947, in new political circumstances, the Polish–Soviet Friendship Society on behalf of the Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR requested the Polish Academy of Art and Science to take photographs of Chmielnicki’s proclamations. The PAAS management gave its consent. A few years later, the PAAS assets and collections were taken over by the newly created Polish Academy of Sciences, which was recognised as a politically correct unit by the Communist authorities. In 1954, the PAS Printing Houses and Libraries Office in Warsaw, on behalf of the Ministry of Culture and Art, took the original documents from the above mentioned manuscripts away from the Library (then the PAS Library in Cracow). They were donated to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
The only trace of this forced “donation to the fraternal nation” to be found in sources is the correspondence related to the handover of the photocopies of taken documents by the PAS Printing Houses and Libraries Office that is included in the Library archives. It took place in December 1954 and the photocopies (of good quality) are still kept in the Library collection. However, the order to hand over the originals is absent. According to the library oral tradition, a message about the order was issued on the phone. The exact date, author of the idea, the names of political principals or Polish implementers of these notorious endeavour remain unknown. A detailed query in the archives of the Ministry of Culture and Art and the chief authorities of the Polish United Workers’ Party may possibly give an answer to these questions.
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 123 - 157
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.011.17366Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos, Marcin A. Klemenski, Marcin K. Klemenski, Krzysztof Ziomek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 159 - 164
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.012.17367Katarzyna Haber
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 165 - 168
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.013.17368Rafał Ciesielski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 169 - 177
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.014.17369Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVII (2022), 2022, s. 179 - 182
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.22.015.17370Data publikacji: 2021
Redaktor naczelny: Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 11 - 22
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.002.16084Bolko II the Small the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor and the Order of Cisterians
The article is devoted to the relations of the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor, Bolko II the Small, ruling from 1326 to 1368 with the Cisterians. Basing on source analysis, the author has described the Prince’s bestowals as well as acceptances of various transactions made by the Cisterians of Krzeszów, the village under his rule. Additionally, the relations between the Prince and the monasteries in Lubiąż and Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, possessing land within the Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor, have also been presented. A conclusion may be drawn from this analysis, that Bolko II was taking care of the monastery as it was the burial site for his ancestors’. The other abbeys had been less of interest to him. What is also visible is that the Prince was reluctant to new transfers of land, he was more willing to accept the monks’ transactions.
Key words: Cisterians, Bolko II the Small, Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor, Silesia
Ewelina Tarkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 23 - 47
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.003.16085The beginnings of the Great Emigration. Poles in Besançon in 1832–1833
The presence of Poles who emigrated after the November Uprising in Besançon and the Franche-Comté region definitely deserves the historians’ attention. Although the Poles stayed in the city and surrounding areas for only a little longer than a year, they made a mark in the history of the region. At the beginning, Besançon was meant to be just a point for the emigrants to receive necessary help during their journey to Avignon and Châteauroux. Only a significant inflow of Polish migrants resulted in the establishment of a new dépôt. In the first period of their stay in the city, the Poles received an enthusiastic welcome, but as time went by, their presence was getting more and more troublesome for the inhabitants. Unlawful abandonment of the dépôt to participate in the Frankfurt Expedition, resulted directly in the dissolution and sending the Poles to Normandy and Brittany in 1833. Attention should be given to the fact that thanks to the current availability of French archives, the research on the Polish emigration community may be extended by a new feature of the Great Emigration phenomenon – from the point of view of the French Government and local authorities.
Key words: Great Emigration, 1832–1833, Besançon, Franche-Comté region
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 49 - 60
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.004.16086Mikołaj Wisłocki (1821–1886). An excerpt from “Diary of a journey from Naples to Africa and a trip from Cairo to Upper Egypt as far as the borders of Abyssynia” (1844/1845)
The subject of the article is a small excerpt from the “Dziennik” by Mikołaj Wisłocki, covering the journey from Naples and arrival in Alexandria in November 1844. The author describes in an interesting manner the sea journey and his fellow passengers, as well as the greatest attractions of the La Valleta during the stopover on Malta. The next lap was Alexandria, however his coverage ends here. The paper discusses also the travel documents applicable in the Ottoman Empire of that time, which constitute an important addition. The excerpt has been given for printing by Maciej Podgórski (1938–2009), the author’s great grandson. The text has been edited by Joachim Śliwa.
Key words: Mikołaj Wisłocki (1821–1886), Maciej Podgórski (1938–2009), Poles in Egypt 1840-1850, Polish 19th-century travelogues
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 61 - 74
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.005.16087Eustachy Wołoszczak’s contribution to the botanical research in Carpathians
Eustachy Wołoszczak was one of the most prominent botanists who contributed to the research on plants in Carpathians and worked for the Botanic Section of the Physiography Commission of the Academy of Learning in Krakow. A passionate taxonomist and florist, he devoted some of his papers to the Carpathian plants, from Vistula up to Cheremosh. Among his achievements there are numerous pieces on taxonomy, including descriptions of new species, as well as floristic and phytogeographical works. The phytogeographical border drawn from Łupków Pass to the North, along the Osława and San rivers, proposed by him, is, with some modifications, the one which is still approved. During the long years of floristic research, he would critically investigate numerous difficult and little known types of plants. Not only was his contribution to the critical research on the types of willow (Salix), hawkweed (Hieracium), Citysus, Butterworts (Pinguicula), Rosaceae and some other species, tremendous, but he also discovered some new species. His name is famous in the field of plant geography for his synthetic study of the plants of the Western-Eastern Carpathian border. The fieldwork he conducted resulted in perfectly collected and meticulously edited herbaria as well as dissertations and academic notes printed mainly in the “Sprawozdania Komisyi Fizyograficznej” magazine. He spent the last years of his life in Vienna as an active member of the Zoological-Botanical Society, where he devoted his very last moments to floristic research and organizing his great herbarium, the huge part of which has been bequeathed to the Physiography Commission of the Academy of Learning
Key words: history, Academy of Learning, Carpathians, botany, Eustachy Wołoszczak
Janusz Pezda
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 75 - 96
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.006.16088Was it worth it? The Krakow Agreement of September 18th, 1891
The history of the Polish Library in Paris does not only mean the history of the Emigration but it also shows what was and still is the idea of shared thinking of history, taking action to preserve Polish institutions in a foreign land. It is the oldest non-French library in Paris, the oldest Polish library abroad. On November 24th 1838, at the request of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, the Polish Literary Society and its Historical Department and the Department of Statistics together with the Scientific Aid Society decided to combine their collections in order to set a national library. After years of efforts, the festive opening of the Library took place on March 24th 1839, on the anniversary of the oath taken by Tadeusz Kościuszko on the Krakow Main Square. Since 1854, after its relocation to the Île Saint-Louis, the Library has been sharing its collections uninterruptedly. In late 1890s, firstly in the form of non-binding questionnaire, a survey was started regarding the prospect of the Library to be continued in cooperation with a national institution. Talks on possible agreement have been initiated with the Academy of Learning in Krakow. Finally the Krakow Agreement was signed in 1891, under which the custody over the Library, its building and the gathered collections was taken over by the Academy of Learning and a research station was established.
Key words: Polish Library in Paris, Polish Historical-Literary Society, Academy of Learning, Great Emigration
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 97 - 130
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.007.16089Donors and their donations to the Academic Society of Krakow, the Library of the Academy of Learning, the Library of PAU and the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow.
The article is a preliminary research on the body of bookplates by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) – an artist, graphic designer, painter, professor and the rector of the State College of Fine Arts in Wrocław (currently the Academy of Fine Arts). The Graphic Collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN keeps 383 plates (some of them used two-sidedly) with 409 matrices used for graphics, mostly bookplates; Dawski produced c. 505 bookplates. The collection was donated to the Library in 2009 by Lech Kokociński.
Key words: Dawski, matrices, exlibris, Kokociński
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 107 - 129
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.008.16090The matrices by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) in the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow collection
The article is a preliminary research on the body of bookplates by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) – an artist, graphic designer, painter, professor and the rector of the State College of Fine Arts in Wrocław (currently the Academy of Fine Arts). The Graphic Collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN keeps 383 plates (some of them used two-sidedly) with 409 matrices used for graphics, mostly bookplates; Dawski produced c. 505 bookplates. The collection was donated to the Library in 2009 by Lech Kokociński
Key words: Dawski, matrices, exlibris, Kokociński
Michał Majer
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 125 - 154
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.009.16091Antoni Teslar – unknown facts from the renowned chef’s life
Antoni Teslar had been working in the kitchen of the Potocki Family in Krzeszowice for five years. Starting his professional career at the age of thirteen, as a kitchen boy, he could not have imagined that he would end up as one of the most famous Polish chefs of the turn of 19th and 20th centuries. Leaving the service, he wrote down the recipes he used, as if a will, which got published in 1910 as a book titled the Polish-French Cuisine. After his career as a chef ended, he settled down in Krakow, working in trade and selling land. Living a typically bourgeois life, he was soon forgotten as a cook, and today he is sometimes recalled of by the amateurs of culinary history as a French who used to cook for the Potocki Family.
During his service for the Potocki Family, Antoni Teslar did not confine oneself to work only for his employers. He was involved in the life of the culinary environment, used to participate in contests and win prizes at culinary exhibitions, take actions to professionalise and centralise the occupational group of chefs, organise it and initiated its activity, as well as bring up and teach the beginners.
His life, so little known today, is a combination of love for cooking, strong attachment to the Potocki Family, and fondness for social, political and business activity.
Key words: Antoni Teslar, Potoccy, culinary history, chef, Krzeszowice, Polish cuisine, cook book, culinary arts
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 161 - 176
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.010.16092Anna Treider’s “Kabaret pod Zdechłym Kornikiem
The presented text is the 1963 edition of the work by Anna Treider nee Ogrodzińska (1921–1982), an art historian who had been working in our Library for many years and was also a director of its Special Collections Department. After taking up the job in 1952, she shortly became one of the Polish most acclaimed experts in the field of European Graphics and also a lecturer at the Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, as well as the author of numerous graphic exhibitions.
This forgotten text titled “Kabaret pod Zdechłym Kornikiem”, preserved among her personal documents, is currently included in our Library manuscripts (signature 13 066). It is a humorous piece written under the pen name Akwatinta Kolofon. The characters are both the author’s library colleagues and visitors as well as the principal, Zbigniew Jabłoński. The text contains some elements of the now forgotten work reality of that time, and records the atmosphere of an institution of culture in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. It is also an interesting testimony of the librarians’ intellectual formation, e.g. the passion for K. I. Gałczyński’s poetry or reading the “Przekrój” magazine. It not only proves the author’s learning and sense of humour but also demonstrates her literary skills: Anna Treider’s brother, Władysław Ogrodziński, was a respected essayist and writer.
To recall the profile of Anna Treider at the centenary of her birthday, the text of “Kabaret…” has been excerpted from the manuscript, prepared for print, the biographic introduction written and the footnotes added by Karolina Grodziska.
Key words: Cracow, Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow, Anna Treider, poems,
literary games
Karolina Grodziska, Jerzy Zdrada
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 177 - 202
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.011.16093„Zabawki poetyckie niektórych kawalerów (i dam) Akademiey”. Humorous works by some employees of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
Funny poems, humorous pseudo-biographies, cartoons – one may sometimes encounter them among private collections or the library and national archives resources. Written for namesday, farewell, Saint Nicolas Day or Women’s Day, they were of ephemeral nature and were quickly forgotten together with their author or recipient. As time went by, the profiles and situations were getting less and less recognisable. It is a pity, as sometimes these small pieces represented their author’s skill and contained an interesting picture of customs present in particular society.
In this paper we present two such works related to the employees of Library, one written in 1967 and the other – probably – in 1982. The first one is a funny bibliography of academic and literary pieces allegedly written by them, containing references to their works, interests, sometimes real-life problems, looks or personality. In 1967, when the text was read on the occasion of Prima Aprilis, despite the efforts, the author remained unknown. Today, after more than 50 years, professor Jerzy Zdrada, a respected historian, then a dissident and minister, admitted the authorship. At that time, he was a young librarian at the Cataloguing Department.
The author of the second work remains unknown. These are 23 small poems in which 23 female library employees have been described on the occasion of Women’s Day. They are also full of humour and accurate professional allusions, sometimes attempts to catch person’s traits of character.
Both typescripts are currently included in our Library Manuscripts Collection. The texts have been prepared for print, the introduction written and footnotes added by Karolina Grodziska and Jerzy Zdrada. To him, as the author of the Bibliography, shall also be credited the identification of some hidden phrases as well as reminding of numerous interesting events from the history of the Library.
Key words: Krakow, Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow, customs, literary games, parodies
Urszula Orłowska-Węgiel
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 203 - 240
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.012.16094Marta Gołąbek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 241 - 246
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.013.16095Jan Motyka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 247 - 252
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.014.16096Tomasz Pudłocki
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 253 - 256
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.015.16097Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 257 - 258
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.016.16098Marcin A. Klemenski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 11 - 22
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.002.16084Bolko II the Small the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor and the Order of Cisterians
The article is devoted to the relations of the Duke of Świdnica and Jawor, Bolko II the Small, ruling from 1326 to 1368 with the Cisterians. Basing on source analysis, the author has described the Prince’s bestowals as well as acceptances of various transactions made by the Cisterians of Krzeszów, the village under his rule. Additionally, the relations between the Prince and the monasteries in Lubiąż and Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, possessing land within the Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor, have also been presented. A conclusion may be drawn from this analysis, that Bolko II was taking care of the monastery as it was the burial site for his ancestors’. The other abbeys had been less of interest to him. What is also visible is that the Prince was reluctant to new transfers of land, he was more willing to accept the monks’ transactions.
Key words: Cisterians, Bolko II the Small, Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor, Silesia
Ewelina Tarkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 23 - 47
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.003.16085The beginnings of the Great Emigration. Poles in Besançon in 1832–1833
The presence of Poles who emigrated after the November Uprising in Besançon and the Franche-Comté region definitely deserves the historians’ attention. Although the Poles stayed in the city and surrounding areas for only a little longer than a year, they made a mark in the history of the region. At the beginning, Besançon was meant to be just a point for the emigrants to receive necessary help during their journey to Avignon and Châteauroux. Only a significant inflow of Polish migrants resulted in the establishment of a new dépôt. In the first period of their stay in the city, the Poles received an enthusiastic welcome, but as time went by, their presence was getting more and more troublesome for the inhabitants. Unlawful abandonment of the dépôt to participate in the Frankfurt Expedition, resulted directly in the dissolution and sending the Poles to Normandy and Brittany in 1833. Attention should be given to the fact that thanks to the current availability of French archives, the research on the Polish emigration community may be extended by a new feature of the Great Emigration phenomenon – from the point of view of the French Government and local authorities.
Key words: Great Emigration, 1832–1833, Besançon, Franche-Comté region
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 49 - 60
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.004.16086Mikołaj Wisłocki (1821–1886). An excerpt from “Diary of a journey from Naples to Africa and a trip from Cairo to Upper Egypt as far as the borders of Abyssynia” (1844/1845)
The subject of the article is a small excerpt from the “Dziennik” by Mikołaj Wisłocki, covering the journey from Naples and arrival in Alexandria in November 1844. The author describes in an interesting manner the sea journey and his fellow passengers, as well as the greatest attractions of the La Valleta during the stopover on Malta. The next lap was Alexandria, however his coverage ends here. The paper discusses also the travel documents applicable in the Ottoman Empire of that time, which constitute an important addition. The excerpt has been given for printing by Maciej Podgórski (1938–2009), the author’s great grandson. The text has been edited by Joachim Śliwa.
Key words: Mikołaj Wisłocki (1821–1886), Maciej Podgórski (1938–2009), Poles in Egypt 1840-1850, Polish 19th-century travelogues
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 61 - 74
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.005.16087Eustachy Wołoszczak’s contribution to the botanical research in Carpathians
Eustachy Wołoszczak was one of the most prominent botanists who contributed to the research on plants in Carpathians and worked for the Botanic Section of the Physiography Commission of the Academy of Learning in Krakow. A passionate taxonomist and florist, he devoted some of his papers to the Carpathian plants, from Vistula up to Cheremosh. Among his achievements there are numerous pieces on taxonomy, including descriptions of new species, as well as floristic and phytogeographical works. The phytogeographical border drawn from Łupków Pass to the North, along the Osława and San rivers, proposed by him, is, with some modifications, the one which is still approved. During the long years of floristic research, he would critically investigate numerous difficult and little known types of plants. Not only was his contribution to the critical research on the types of willow (Salix), hawkweed (Hieracium), Citysus, Butterworts (Pinguicula), Rosaceae and some other species, tremendous, but he also discovered some new species. His name is famous in the field of plant geography for his synthetic study of the plants of the Western-Eastern Carpathian border. The fieldwork he conducted resulted in perfectly collected and meticulously edited herbaria as well as dissertations and academic notes printed mainly in the “Sprawozdania Komisyi Fizyograficznej” magazine. He spent the last years of his life in Vienna as an active member of the Zoological-Botanical Society, where he devoted his very last moments to floristic research and organizing his great herbarium, the huge part of which has been bequeathed to the Physiography Commission of the Academy of Learning
Key words: history, Academy of Learning, Carpathians, botany, Eustachy Wołoszczak
Janusz Pezda
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 75 - 96
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.006.16088Was it worth it? The Krakow Agreement of September 18th, 1891
The history of the Polish Library in Paris does not only mean the history of the Emigration but it also shows what was and still is the idea of shared thinking of history, taking action to preserve Polish institutions in a foreign land. It is the oldest non-French library in Paris, the oldest Polish library abroad. On November 24th 1838, at the request of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, the Polish Literary Society and its Historical Department and the Department of Statistics together with the Scientific Aid Society decided to combine their collections in order to set a national library. After years of efforts, the festive opening of the Library took place on March 24th 1839, on the anniversary of the oath taken by Tadeusz Kościuszko on the Krakow Main Square. Since 1854, after its relocation to the Île Saint-Louis, the Library has been sharing its collections uninterruptedly. In late 1890s, firstly in the form of non-binding questionnaire, a survey was started regarding the prospect of the Library to be continued in cooperation with a national institution. Talks on possible agreement have been initiated with the Academy of Learning in Krakow. Finally the Krakow Agreement was signed in 1891, under which the custody over the Library, its building and the gathered collections was taken over by the Academy of Learning and a research station was established.
Key words: Polish Library in Paris, Polish Historical-Literary Society, Academy of Learning, Great Emigration
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 97 - 130
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.007.16089Donors and their donations to the Academic Society of Krakow, the Library of the Academy of Learning, the Library of PAU and the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow.
The article is a preliminary research on the body of bookplates by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) – an artist, graphic designer, painter, professor and the rector of the State College of Fine Arts in Wrocław (currently the Academy of Fine Arts). The Graphic Collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN keeps 383 plates (some of them used two-sidedly) with 409 matrices used for graphics, mostly bookplates; Dawski produced c. 505 bookplates. The collection was donated to the Library in 2009 by Lech Kokociński.
Key words: Dawski, matrices, exlibris, Kokociński
Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 107 - 129
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.008.16090The matrices by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) in the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow collection
The article is a preliminary research on the body of bookplates by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) – an artist, graphic designer, painter, professor and the rector of the State College of Fine Arts in Wrocław (currently the Academy of Fine Arts). The Graphic Collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN keeps 383 plates (some of them used two-sidedly) with 409 matrices used for graphics, mostly bookplates; Dawski produced c. 505 bookplates. The collection was donated to the Library in 2009 by Lech Kokociński
Key words: Dawski, matrices, exlibris, Kokociński
Michał Majer
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 125 - 154
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.009.16091Antoni Teslar – unknown facts from the renowned chef’s life
Antoni Teslar had been working in the kitchen of the Potocki Family in Krzeszowice for five years. Starting his professional career at the age of thirteen, as a kitchen boy, he could not have imagined that he would end up as one of the most famous Polish chefs of the turn of 19th and 20th centuries. Leaving the service, he wrote down the recipes he used, as if a will, which got published in 1910 as a book titled the Polish-French Cuisine. After his career as a chef ended, he settled down in Krakow, working in trade and selling land. Living a typically bourgeois life, he was soon forgotten as a cook, and today he is sometimes recalled of by the amateurs of culinary history as a French who used to cook for the Potocki Family.
During his service for the Potocki Family, Antoni Teslar did not confine oneself to work only for his employers. He was involved in the life of the culinary environment, used to participate in contests and win prizes at culinary exhibitions, take actions to professionalise and centralise the occupational group of chefs, organise it and initiated its activity, as well as bring up and teach the beginners.
His life, so little known today, is a combination of love for cooking, strong attachment to the Potocki Family, and fondness for social, political and business activity.
Key words: Antoni Teslar, Potoccy, culinary history, chef, Krzeszowice, Polish cuisine, cook book, culinary arts
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 161 - 176
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.010.16092Anna Treider’s “Kabaret pod Zdechłym Kornikiem
The presented text is the 1963 edition of the work by Anna Treider nee Ogrodzińska (1921–1982), an art historian who had been working in our Library for many years and was also a director of its Special Collections Department. After taking up the job in 1952, she shortly became one of the Polish most acclaimed experts in the field of European Graphics and also a lecturer at the Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, as well as the author of numerous graphic exhibitions.
This forgotten text titled “Kabaret pod Zdechłym Kornikiem”, preserved among her personal documents, is currently included in our Library manuscripts (signature 13 066). It is a humorous piece written under the pen name Akwatinta Kolofon. The characters are both the author’s library colleagues and visitors as well as the principal, Zbigniew Jabłoński. The text contains some elements of the now forgotten work reality of that time, and records the atmosphere of an institution of culture in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. It is also an interesting testimony of the librarians’ intellectual formation, e.g. the passion for K. I. Gałczyński’s poetry or reading the “Przekrój” magazine. It not only proves the author’s learning and sense of humour but also demonstrates her literary skills: Anna Treider’s brother, Władysław Ogrodziński, was a respected essayist and writer.
To recall the profile of Anna Treider at the centenary of her birthday, the text of “Kabaret…” has been excerpted from the manuscript, prepared for print, the biographic introduction written and the footnotes added by Karolina Grodziska.
Key words: Cracow, Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow, Anna Treider, poems,
literary games
Karolina Grodziska, Jerzy Zdrada
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 177 - 202
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.011.16093„Zabawki poetyckie niektórych kawalerów (i dam) Akademiey”. Humorous works by some employees of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
Funny poems, humorous pseudo-biographies, cartoons – one may sometimes encounter them among private collections or the library and national archives resources. Written for namesday, farewell, Saint Nicolas Day or Women’s Day, they were of ephemeral nature and were quickly forgotten together with their author or recipient. As time went by, the profiles and situations were getting less and less recognisable. It is a pity, as sometimes these small pieces represented their author’s skill and contained an interesting picture of customs present in particular society.
In this paper we present two such works related to the employees of Library, one written in 1967 and the other – probably – in 1982. The first one is a funny bibliography of academic and literary pieces allegedly written by them, containing references to their works, interests, sometimes real-life problems, looks or personality. In 1967, when the text was read on the occasion of Prima Aprilis, despite the efforts, the author remained unknown. Today, after more than 50 years, professor Jerzy Zdrada, a respected historian, then a dissident and minister, admitted the authorship. At that time, he was a young librarian at the Cataloguing Department.
The author of the second work remains unknown. These are 23 small poems in which 23 female library employees have been described on the occasion of Women’s Day. They are also full of humour and accurate professional allusions, sometimes attempts to catch person’s traits of character.
Both typescripts are currently included in our Library Manuscripts Collection. The texts have been prepared for print, the introduction written and footnotes added by Karolina Grodziska and Jerzy Zdrada. To him, as the author of the Bibliography, shall also be credited the identification of some hidden phrases as well as reminding of numerous interesting events from the history of the Library.
Key words: Krakow, Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Krakow, customs, literary games, parodies
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 257 - 258
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.016.16098Urszula Orłowska-Węgiel
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 203 - 240
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.012.16094Marta Gołąbek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 241 - 246
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.013.16095Jan Motyka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 247 - 252
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.014.16096Tomasz Pudłocki
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXVI (2021), 2021, s. 253 - 256
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.21.015.16097Data publikacji: 2020
Redaktor naczelny: Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 9 - 20
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.002.14161Materials about the Dissolution of the Jesuit Order in 1773 and the Beginnings of the Commission of National Education Activity in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy Of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Princes Czartoryski Library in Kraków
The collection of the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences contains five volumes of documents titled “Education Nationale” (book number 2220, vol. 1–5). One of the volumes is held by the Princes Czartoryski Library. The materials are neither organised in chronological order nor by theme. Some threads related to the dissolution of the Jesuit Order as well as the establishment and activity of the Commission of National Education and the Polish-Lithuanian Commission for Distribution, responsible for distributing assets of the Jesuit Order for educational purposes under the Commission of National Education supervision, can be separated. What is worth to pay attention to are the letters of ex-Jesuits to king Stanisław August Poniatowski as well as other pieces of correspondence, a variety of draft laws, practical issues on goods and financial matters, minutes on meetings of different assemblies, or attempts to establish a position on numerous current issues. Eight handwritten maps showing distribution of schools supervised by the Commission of National Education within departments, as well as numerous universals and decrees are also worth noting.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО ИСТОРИИ УПРАЗДНЕНИЯ ОРДЕНА ИЕЗУИТОВ В 1773 Г. И НАЧАЛУ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОМИССИИ НАРОДНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК И БИБЛИОТЕКЕ КНЯЗЕЙ ЧАРТОРЫЙСКИХ В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: История Польши, упразднение ордена иезуитов 1773, Комиссия народного образования, рукописная коллекция „Education Nationale”
В Научной библиотеке Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук хранятся пять томов материалов под общим названием „Education Nationale” (sygn. 2220 т. 1–5). Ещё один том находится в Библиотеке князей Чарторыйских. Собранные документы расположены без соблюдения хронологичнского и тема- тического порядка. Среди них можно выделить несколько тематических групп, связанных с упразднением ордена иезуитов в Польше, созданием и деятельностью Комиссии народного образования, а также Распределительных комиссий Короны и Литвы, которые должны были передать бывшие иезуитские владения в школьное ведомство под руководством Комиссии народного образования. Стоит обратить внимание на письма, которые высылали бывшие иезуиты королю Станиславу Августу Понятовскому, а также на другую корреспонденцию, проекты различных законодательных актов, практические вопросы касающиеся имущества и финансовых дел, протоколы заседаний различных органов, а также попытки выработать позицию по ряду текущих вопросов. Следует обратить внимание на восем рукописных карт, представляющих размещение школ под надзором Комиссии народного образования на территории отдельных департаментов, а также многочисленные печатные экземпляры различных универсалов и распоряжений.
Jacek Wojtowicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 21 - 36
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.003.14162From Upper Hungary to Kraków. Sylwester Joanelli – the Career of an Italian Tenant of the Niedzica Castle
The paper presents the biographical and genealogical aspects of Sylwester Joanelle de Telvana’s life and activity. It also discusses the heraldic issues concerning his family, originating in Gandino near Bergamo. Joanelli, who originally was probably a Viennese merchant, moved to Upper Hungary. He worked closely with his cousin, Johann Andreas Joanelli, from whom he received a lease of Smolniki in Slovakia along with its ore mines. He was also one of the greatest copper traders in Kraków. In 1664, he married Katarzyna Formankowiczówna (Furmankowiczówna), the daughter of Jan, a councillor in Kraków. Around 1670, he leased the Dunajec castle in Niedzica. As a devout Catholic and Habsburgs’ supporter, he used to come into conflict with Hungarian Protestants. Forced to leave Smolnik, he settled in Niedzica. In 1683 he was fighting the Kuruc army under Imre Tököly for five weeks after which he fell into captivity. Redeemed from captivity, he made his way to Kraków, where he died after a few months. His wife funded him a splendid gravestone in the Italian Chapel located in the Church of St. Francis in Kraków. It still exists. Sylwester’s descendants owned the properties in Niedzica for next several dozen years, selling them out gradually after they moved to castellum in Łapsze.
ИЗ ВЕРХНЕЙ ВЕНГРИИ В КРАКОВ. СИЛЬВЕСТР ДЖОАНЕЛЛИ – КАРЬЕРА ИТАЛЬЯНЦА, АРЕНДАТОРА ЗАМКА В НЕДЗИЦЕ
Ключевые слова: Джоанелли де Тельвана биография, генеалогия, геральдика, Италия диаспора, Венгрия история промышленности, медь – продукция, переработка, торговля, венгерско-польское пограничье, Недзица замок, Краков – патрициат, итальянцы, итальянско-польские связи, Краков францисканский костёл итальянская часовня эпитафия
В статье прадставлена жизнь и деятельность Сильвестра Джоанелли де Тельвана с точки зрения биографии и генеалогии. Представлены вопросы геральдики его семьи, родом из Гандино около Бергамо. Джоанелли, первоначально вероятно купец из Вены, переехал в Верхнюю Венгрию. Тесно сотрудничал со своим кузеном Иоганном Андреасом Джоанелли, от которого получил в аренду Смольник в Словакии с находящимися там рудниками. Встречаем его также среди крупнейших купцов, торгующих медью в Кракове. В 1644 году он женился на Катерине, дочке Яна Форманковича (Фурманковича), члена краковского городского совета. Около 1670 года он взял в аренду замок Дунаец в Недзице. Будучи ревностным католиком и сторонником Габсбургов, он конфликтовал с венгерскими протестантами, был вынужден оставить Смольник и поселиться в Недзице. В 1683 году в течение пяти недель он защищался в этом замке от куруцев Имре Тёкёле и попал в плен. После того как его выкупили, он сбежал в Краков, где умер спустя несколько месяцев. Его жена возвела ему великолепное надгробие в итальянской часовне в францисканском костёле в Кракове. Оно сохранилось до наших дней. Потомки Сильвестра ещё более десятка лет имели владения в Недзице, постепенно распродавая их, переселились в замок в Лапшах
Greta Lemanaitė-Deprati
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 37 - 70
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.004.14163“I Believe that a Designated Role on Earth is There for Me as Well”. Unknown Letters from Jan Otrębski to Jan Rozwadowski in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences In Kraków
The Special Collections Department of the PAU and PAN Scientific Library in Krakow stores the correspondence of the eminent Indo-European linguist, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Jan Michał Rozwadowski (1867–1935). The collection includes the letters and postcards of Jan Szczepan Otrębski (1889–1971) and covers the period of thirteen years (1917–1930). It contains a lot of information on the considerations and doubts of the future Baltic linguist J. Otrębski, who at the moment was just starting his scientific career. Particularly clear is the thread of doubts about the rightness of choosing a career in science, and the lack of faith in one’s own abilities and the usefulness for science that often appears. The author of the letters repeatedly seeks advice and asks for help from professor J.M. Rozwadowski, who was then highly respected in the world of Indo-European studies. In the letters we can also find a considerable amount of the author’s reflections on various issues of Indo-European linguistics that bother him, which were later recognized as an innovative approach in the study of Baltic languages.
„ВЕРЮ, ЧТО И МНЕ ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕНА ОПРЕДЕЛЁННА РОЛЬ НА ЗЕМЛЕ”. НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЕ ПИСЬМА ЯНА ОТРЕМБСКОГО К ЯНУ РОЗВАДОВСКОМУ В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: Языкознание, индоевропеистика, балтистика, переписка, Ян Отрембский, Ян Михал Розвадовский
В Отделе специальных коллекций Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове хранится переписка выдающегося языковеда, индоевропеиста, профессора Ягеллонского университета Яна Михала Розвадовского (1867–1935), часть которой составляют письма Яна Щепана
Отрембского (1889–1971). Охватывающая тринадцатилетний период (1917–1930) коллекция писем и открыток содержит многочисленную информацию, касающуюся размышлений и сомнений только что вступившего на научную стезю будущего языковеда балтиста Яна Отрембского. Особенно выразительной является тема сомнения в правильности выбора научной карьеры, неоднократно проявляющееся отсутствие веры в свои способности и полезность для науки. Автор писем многократно обращается за советом и с просьбой о помощи к имеющему уже тогда большой авторитет в мировой индоевропеистике профессору Я.М. Розвадовскому. В письмах содержатся также многочисленные размышления автора над различными занимающими его вопросами индоевропейского языкознания, которые позже будут признаны новаторскими открытиями в исследовании балтийских языков.
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 71 - 81
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.005.14164Manuscripts of Kajetan Koźmian’s Poetry in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences Collection
The Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences collection contains a great number of works by a poet Kajetan Koźmian (1771–1856). Especially valuable are the authorial manuscripts of the writer’s works.
The paper deals with some chosen autographs of K. Koźmian’s poems available in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences. An annex has been added at the end – a publication of K. Koźmian’s poem Cantata for the Coronation of Napoleon after the author’s manuscript which has yet to become a subject of any academic research.
The paper discusses the following authorial manuscripts of K. Koźmian’s poems with some elements of analysis: To Zygmunt Krasiński (Poem I), To Wincent Krasiński in 1843, An Anacreontic to S. Małachowski, Cantata for the Coronation of Napoleon, On Hegel’s Philosophy in 1848, 77 years of age, A Poem to Franciszek Wężyk on the Road to Karlsbad spa.
The paper refers to a research on some manuscripts of K. Koźmian’s poems done by a literary historian Piotr Żbikowski (1935–2011).
РУКОПИСИ СТИХОВ КАЭТАНА КОЗЬМЯНА В СОБРАНИЯХ НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКИ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: Козьмян Каэтан (1771–1856), Козьмян Каэтан (1771–1856) рукописи авторской поэзии, Научная библиотека Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове рукописи
В собраниях Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове хранится богатое наследие поэта Каэтана Козьмяна (1771–1856). Особую ценность представляют рукописные авторские записи произведений поэта. Статья посвящена избранным автографам поэзии К. Козьмяна, доступным в Научной библиотеке Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук.
В приложении – публикация стихотворения К. Козьмяна Kantata na koronację Napoleona (Кантата на коронацию Наполеона), в соответствии с рукописью автора. Это произведение до сих пор не было предметом научной публикации.
В статье рассмотрены, с использованием элементов анализа, авторские рукописи стихов К. Козьмяна Do Zygmunta Krasińskiego (wiersz I), Do Wincentego Krasińskiego w roku 1843, Anakreontyk do S. Małachowskiego, Kantata na koronację Napoleona, Na filozofię Hegla – w r. 1848 życia 77, Wiersz do Franciszka Wężyka jadącego do wód do Karlsbadu.
Упомянуты исследования историка литературы Петра Жбиковского (1935–2011) над частью рукописей стихов К. Козьмяна.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 83 - 104
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.006.14165Polish Botanical and Mycological Research in Eastern Carpathians up to 1918. An Outline
As shown in the presented material, the contribution of Polish botanists into a scientific research on flora and fungi of Eastern Carpathians up to 1918 was significant. In spite of very limited funds, extremely difficult and undeveloped terrain and difficulties in organising fieldwork, a more or less advanced research had been conducted. They resulted in the publication of some high level scientific papers usually printed in the journals of the Cracow Scientific Society and then the Academy of Learning. The input of the Botanical Section of the Physiographical Commission of the Academy of Learning should be underlined as well. Researchers related to those institutions have greatly enhanced the knowledge of plants and fungi of the discussed region, thus vastly contributing to both Polish and European academic achievement.
It should also be noted that except for Polish researchers, the issue of botanic research in Eastern Carpatians within the discussed period has also been dealt with by foreign academics from: Austria, Germany, Hungary.
ПОЛЬСКИЕ БОТАНИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ВОСТОЧНЫХ КАРПАТАХ ДО 1918 ГОДА. КРАТКОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
Ключевые слова: Физиографическая комиссия Академии знаний, ботаника, микология, Восточные Карпаты
Исходя из представленных материалов, вклад польских ботаников в научное изучение флоры и грибов массивов Восточных Карпат до 1918 года был значительным. Несмотря на очень скромные ресурсы, крайне сложные и неосвоенные земли, проблемы с организацией полевых работ, проводились более или менее продвинутые исследования. Результатом стали публикации на высоком научном уровне, которые печатались прежде всего в научных периодических изданиях Краковского Научного Общества, а затем Академии знаний. Следует отметить значительный вклад Отделения ботаники Физиографической комиссии Академии знаний. Связанные с этими учреждениями исследователи внесли значительный вклад в познание мира растений и грибов упомянутого региона, основательно расширили научные достижения как в Польше, так и в Европе.
Следует также помнить, что проблемами ботанических исследований Восточных Карпат на протяжении всего рассматриваемого периода помимо польских, занимались и зарубежные учёные: австрийские, немецкие и венгерские.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 105 - 113
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.007.14166“From the Heats by Nile to the Fire of Revolution by Vistula”. Izydor Kajetan Wysłouch (1869–1973) and His Social Activity
The paper reminds the profile of a respected religious reformer and social activist whose life was also connected to Egypt. From 1902 to 1904, due to ill-health, he visited Egypt twice as he required climatotherapy. At that time he stayed in Helwan, a popular resort near Cairo. During his treatment, he was probably residing in Wanda Bilińska’s guesthouse, where residents from the territories of former-day Poland met. The stay in Egypt made a huge impression on Wysłouch. An ample evidence of his fascination with heritage and monuments of ancient Egypt is the neatly published volume, issued soon after the author’s return to Poland, titled From the Land of Ruins (Warsaw 1906); what is also interesting is its graphic design, using Egyptian motives, created by Franciszek Siedlecki (1867–1934). The volume, containing the author’s reflections on existence and prose poetry, signals the state of his soul, which was filled with loneliness and bitter sadness. Its content also suggests that the author had visited most of the country, from the Giza Pyramid Complex to the city of Aswan. Egypt influenced him to such a great degree that he called the country his second homeland. He also took his pen-name “Szech” (ar. Sheikh) at that time. Having returned to his motherland, Wysłouch became a keen supporter of working-class protests (1905). He also strongly backed the reforms in the Ethical and Social Teachings of the Church; he published numerous brochures in which he described an utopian programme that would connect Christianity with Communism and Polish patriotism; he decided to leave Church in 1908. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Wysłouch, as a public servant, played a vital role in organising and introducing the system of public disability pensions and retirement insurance in the reborn Poland.
„ОТ ЖАРЫ НАД НИЛОМ В ОГОНЬ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ НАД ВИСЛОЙ”. ИСИДОР КАЕТАН ВЫСЛОУХ (1869–1973) И ЕГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
Ключевые слова: Исидор Каетан Выслоух (1869–1937), католический модернизм в Польше 1900–1939, поляки в Египте 1900–1914
Напоминание о фигуре выдающегося религиозного реформатора и общественного деятеля, судьба которого также была связана с Египтом. В 1902–1904 годах из-за слабого здоровья он был вынужден дважды пройти климатическое лечение в Египте. Он отправился в Хелуан, фешенебельный курорт, расположенный недалеко от Каира. Во время лечения он, вероятно, останавливался в пансионате Ванды Билиньской, где собирались жители земель бывшей Польши. Пребывание в Египте произвело на Выслоуха большое впечатление. Ярким следом увлечения наследием Древнего Египта и его памятниками является старательно изданный вскоре после возвращения автора в Польшу том: Z krainy ruin <Из страны руин> (Варшава 1906); графическое оформление Францишка Седлецкого (1867–1934) также было выполнено в интересной манере с использованием египетских мотивов. Том рассуждений и поэтической прозы, содержащий экзистенциальные размышления автора, свидетельствует о состоянии его души в то время, наполненной чувством одиночества и трогательной печали. Содержание работы показывает, что автор довольно основательно объехал всю страну, от пирамид в Гизе до Асуана. Египет произвел на него большое впечатление, даже назвал его своей второй родиной. Именно тогда он принял термин „Szech” <Шейх> (ар. Sheikh) в качестве своего литературного псевдонима. Вернувшись в Польшу, Выслоух стал стойким сторонником рабочих протестов (1905 г.). Он также был решительным сторонником реформ в моральной и социальной доктрине Костёла; в многочисленных брошюрах он разработал утопическую программу, в которой пытался соединить христианство с социализмом и польским патриотизмом; покинул Костёл в 1908 году. После восстановления независимости Польши в 1918 году Выслоух в качестве государственного служащего сыграл важную роль в организации и внедрении системы всеобщего страхования по иивалидности и пенсионного страхования в возрожденной Польше.
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 115 - 130
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.008.14167Japonica in the Archives Left after Bronisław Piłsudski in the Cracow PAU-PAN Academic Library (9). Fujihiko Sekiba’s Mailing (Letter and Book) Sent to Bronisław Piłsudski and its Situational Context
The present material constitutes the ninth installment of the series introducing Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow and includes photocopies of a letter in German (with its envelope indicating the addressee and the sender in Japanese, its decipherment transcript, and translation into Polish) dated
ЯПОНСКИЕ СЛЕДЫ В АРХИВНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ БРОНИСЛАВА ПИЛСУДСКОГО В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В КРАКОВЕ (9). ФУДЗИХИКО СЕКИБА И ЕГО ПОСЫЛКА (ПИСЬМО И КНИГА)
Ключевые слова: Бронислав Пилсудский, Фуджихико Секиба, айны, этномедицина, японские материалы в Научной библиотеке Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове
Настоящим, девятым в серии (ср. Grodziska 1998, Majewicz 1999, 2007, 2007a, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, Grądzka & Majewicz 2019), текстом мы продолжаем представлять японские документы в архивных материалах Бронислава Пилсудского из собраний Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове. Мы вводим в научный оборот письмо Брониславу от доктора Фудзихико Секибы, сопровождающее авторский экземпляр монографии (1896) на тему народной медицины айнов – народа, исследование которого обеспечило Пилсудскому бессмертие в анналах науки. Секиба был известен по всей Японии и за её пределами как специалист в области медицины, истории медицины, а также как врач, значимость наследия которого не только сохраняется, но и возрастает до наших дней. Пилсудский также внёс свой вклад в область этномедицины айнов, причём его публикации в этой области представляли данные, полученные в ходе исследований независимо от Секибы, а весь этот результат стал доступен науке только в 1998–2011 годах как часть монументального (пока ещё четырёхтомного) издания собрания сочинений Бронислава Пилсудского (ср. CWBP). В тексте представлены фигура Секибы, упомянутый документ (факсимиле, транскрипт и перевод), а также описана ситуация связанная с пересылкой его Брониславу; содержится также обоснование призыва необходимости найти и/или установить судьбы переданной Брониславу книги. Эта переписка является фундаментальным свидетельством позиции Пилсудского в исследованиях айнов задолго до публикации её результатов, а также косвенно – позиции Пилсудского в мировой науке в целом.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 131 - 139
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.009.14168Maksymilian Cercha a Painter of the Tatras. From the “Forgotten Citizens of Kraków” Series
Maksymilian Cercha (1818–1907), whose life was linked to Kraków, was born in an assimilated Italian family and is known as a drawer, cataloguer of gravestones in the churches of Kraków and a co-author of a publication titled the Monuments of Kraków. In this paper however, his Tatra-themed paintings are discussed, which are yet to be included in the Art History. Cercha was Jan Nepomucen Głowacki’s student, who established Tatra mountains themed landscape painting in Kraków. In the summertime, he used to take his students to the Tatra mountains where he would rent an inn in Stare Kościelisko for an atelier.
Cercha painted his Tatra landscapes in the period from 1849 to 1860. These are:
–– Morskie Oko, oil on cardboard (31 x 23 cm), 1849;
–– View from Mała Łąka, oil on canvas (38 x 31 cm), 1853;
–– Mill in Chochołów, oil on cardboard (22 x 28 cm), 1853;
–– Sucha Woda Valley as seen from Brzeziny, oil on cardboard (32 x 26 cm), 1857;
–– View of the Giewont mountain, oil on cardboard (23 x 30 cm), c. 1860;
–– “Carpathians”, watercolour (22 x 14), 1860.
Except View from Mała Łąka, held by the Tatra Museum in Zakopane, all pictures belong to the family. Moreover, there are three pencil on paper drawings depicting Zakopane and Hamry from the period of 1855–1857 held by the National Museum in Kraków.
Cercha, modelling on Głowacki, used to oil paint on cardboard by firstly sketching on location and then finishing the picture back in Kraków. He used to replicate the themes drew out by Głowacki, such as the view of Morskie Oko lake. He continued the Cracovian tradition of Tatra landscape painting, whic, thanks to Głowacki, Franz Steinfeld the Younger’s student, derives from the Austrian landscape painting of Biedermeier period.
МАКСИМИЛИАН ЦЕРХА ХУДОЖНИК ТАТР. ИЗ ЦИКЛА «ЗАБЫТЫЕ ЖИТЕЛИ КРАКОВА»
Ключевые слова: Краков, пейзажная живопись, Школа рисунков и живописи, Татры
Максимилиан Церха (1818–1907), чья жизнь была связана с Краковом, происходил из ассимилированной итальянской семьи, известен как рисовальщик-инвентаризатор надгробий в краковских костёлах и соавтор издания «Памятники Кракова». В статье однако рассматриваются его живописные работы на тему Татр, ещё не вошедшие в историю искусства. Церха был учеником Яна Непомуцена Гловацкого, который положил начало в Кракове пейзажной живописи на тему Татр. Летом он выезжал со своими учениками в Татры, снимая под мастерскую корчму в Старом Косцелиско.
Пейзажи на тему Татр авторства Церхи в 1849–1860 годах это:
–– Morskie Oko (Морске-Око), картон, масло (31 x 23 см), 1849;
–– Widok z Małej Łąki (Вид с Мала-Лонки), холст, масло (38 x 31 см), 1853;
–– Młyn w Chochołowie (Мельница в Хохолове), картон, масло (22 x 28 см), 1853;
–– Dolina Suchej Wody od strony Brzezin (Долина Суха-Воды со стороны Бжезин), картон, масло (32 x 26 см), 1857;
–– Widok na Giewont (Вид на Гевонт), картон, масло (23 x 30 см), около 1860;
–– „Karpaty” (Карпаты), акварель (22 x 14 см), 1860.
За исключением работы Widok z Małej Łąki, которая находится в Музее Татр в Закопане, все они являются собственностью семьи. Кроме того, в Национальном музее в Кракове хранятся три карандашных рисунка на бумаге, созданные в 1855–1857 годах, представляющих Закопане и Хамры. Следуя примеру Гловацкого, Церха писал маслом на картоне, создавая зарисовки под открытым небом, который завершал после возвращения в Краков. Он повторял темы, которые затрагивал Гловацкий, например, вид на Морске-Око. Он продолжал традицию краковской живописи на тему Татр, которая посредством Гловацкого, ученика Франца Штайнфельда Младшего, пришли из австрийского пейзажа периода бидермайера.
Karolina Grodziska, Maria Radziszewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 141 - 168
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.010.14169“The Stories of a Lost Nest – The Year of God”. The Memory by Anna Jałbrzykowska from Ujazd
The paper contains an excerpt of a manuscript by Anna Jałbrzykowska (1908–1990) titled: “The Stories of a Lost Nest – the Year of God”. The text was written in 1972 and soon afterwards it was bought to be added into the manuscript collection of our Library, in which the author used to work for a short time before the outbreak of War. It comprises of a description of pre-war economics, daily life and house practices present in the manor house in Ujazd, located 14 km from Kraków, owned by the Jałbrzykowscy family since 1884 until 1945, when it was taken from them by the Polish communists. After this confiscation, the author, who studied humanities, was for many years working in the Jagiellonian Library, where she was accepted as an employee despite her then improper social background and a close family relationship between her and a prominent priest, archbishop of Vilnius Romuald Jałbrzykowski. The value of the presented source is both its recollective nature and interesting persons who visited the Jałbrzykowscy’s manor (priest professor Tadeusz Kruszyński, Tetmajerowie, Jan Bisanz) as well as the nostalgic, literary nature of the memories: the image of the world and lifestyle typical for the nobility living in a manor house which are gone, not so much due to natural economic development but because of the Polish communists rule.
„GAWĘDY O UTRACONYM GNIEŹDZIE – BOŻY ROK” (РАССКАЗЫ О ПОТЕРЯННОМ ГНЕЗДЕ – БОЖИЙ ГОД). ФРАГМЕНТ РУКОПИСИ АННЫ ЯЛБЖИКОВСКОЙ
Ключевые слова: Анна Ялбжиковска, Уязд, шляхетская усадьба, повседневность, нравы
Представленный текст является изданием фрагмента рукописи Анны Ялбжиковской (1908–1990) под названием «Gawędy o utraconym gnieździe – Boży Rok» («Рассказы о потерянном гнезде – Божий Год»). Текст был написан в 1972 году и вскоре куплен в рукописное собрание нашей библиотеки, где автор работала короткое время перед началом войны. Это описание довоенного хозяйства, повседневной жизни и домашних обычаев шляхетской усадьбы Уязд, расположенной в 14 км от Кракова и принадлежавшей семье Ялбжиковских с 1884 по 1945 год, когда она была отнята у них коммунистическими властями. После конфискации автор, имевшая гуманитарное образование, долгие годы работала в Ягеллонской библи теке, где её приняли на работу, несмотря на неподходящее в то время социальное происхождение и близкое родство с Ромуальдом Ялбжиковским, выдающимся священнослужителем, виленским архиепископом. Ценность представленного здесь источника заключаются как в его характере (воспоминания), так и в интересных людях, проходящих через дом Ялбжиковских (ксёндз профессор Тадеуш Крушиньский, Тетмайеры, Ян Бисанц), а также в ностальгическом, литературном характере воспоминаний: образ потерянного мира и прошлого образа жизни в шляхетской усадьбе, которому в Польше положили конец не столько естественное экономическое развитие, сколько коммунистические власти.
Wojciech Lipowski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 169 - 186
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.011.14170“The Old Life Returns to Us”... The Experience of Memory in Zygmunt Haupt’s Short Stories
The paper presents some selected aspects regarding the work of a Polish emigrant writer Zygmunt Haupt (1907–1975). Its aim is to provide an interpretation of the forms of remembrance contained in some of the short stories as well as the influence of the writer’s biography on his prose. In the second part, attention is given to the philosophical and cultural contexts in which the author’s works may be placed. Moreover, the linguistic elements present in the quoted short stories are also described. The author of the paper attempted to organise the biographical information about the writer as well as to depict the historical background of his literary activity.
“К НАМ ВОЗВРАЩАЕТСЯ ПРЕЖНЯЯ ЖИЗНЬ”... ОПЫТ ПАМЯТИ В РАССКАЗАХ ЗИГМУНТА ХАУПТА
Ключевые слова: Зигмунт Хаупт, формы памяти, код чтения, Пограничье, Подолье, биография, ностальгия, регионализм
В статье представлены избранные аспекты творчества польского писателя-эмигранта Зигмунта Хаупта (1907–1975). Осмыслена категория форм памяти в некоторых рассказах и влияние элементов биографии на произведения в прозе. Отдельная часть посвящена философским и культурным контекстам авторских текстов. В цитируемых рассказах описаны языковые явления. Кроме того были предприняты меры по уточнению биографии мастера слова, а также обозначена историческая среда, в которой проходила его литературная деятельность.
Bartłomiej Stempin
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 187 - 200
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.012.14171Fantasy, Horror, Panaesthetics and Antiaesthetics in the Views by Howard Phillips Lovecraft and His Works
The article aims at an insight into the issues of fantasy, horror, panaesthetics and antiaesthetics in the views and works by the early twentieth century American writer, Howard Phillips Lovecraft. Referring to some definitions formulated by various theoreticians, the author of this article firstly explains some basic terms such as: fantasy and horror. Afterwards, he takes a close look into the concepts of panaesthetics and antiaesthetics as well as some other related notions. The essay focuses both on presenting the profile of H.P. Lovecraft and his ideas in the fields of philosophy, arts and literature. Moreover, it intends to outline some advices he made on writing weird stories and building the atmosphere of fear. The author of the article attempts also to characterize H.P. Lovecraft’s literarily work in order to juxtapose the writer’s views and writing with the ideas behind the concepts of panaesthetics and antiaesthetics. Finally, the author tries to answer the question whether H.P. Lovecraft is to be seen more as a representative of a panaesthetic or rather antiaesthetic viewpoint.
ФАНТАСТИКА, УЖАСЫ, ПАНЭСТЕТИЗМ И АНТИЭСТЕТИЗМ ВО ВЗГЛЯДАХ И ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ГОВАРДА ФИЛЛИПСА ЛАВКРАФТА
Ключевые слова: Фантастика, ужасы, панэстетизм, антиэстетизм, Говард Филлипс Лавкрафт
Статья представляет собой попытку взглянуть на проблемы фантастики, ужаса, панэстетизма и антиэстетизма во взглядах и творчестве американского писателя в жанре фантастики и ужасов Говарда Филлипса Лавкрафта, писавшего в начале ХХ века. Автор статьи объясняет такие термины, как фантастика и ужасы, цитируя определения различных теоретиков. Затем он вводит вопросы панэстетизма и антиэстетизма и связанных с ними концепций. В статье представлен портрет Г.Ф. Лавкрафта и его взгляды на философию, искусство и литературу, обращая особое внимание на литературу ужасов. Рассмотрены также рекомендации Г.Ф. Лавкрафта, как писать потрясающие истории и создавать в них атмосферу ужаса. Автор статьи пытается охарактеризовать литературное творчество Г.Ф. Лавкрафта, а затем противопоставляет взгляды и произведения писателя положениям панэстетизма и антиэстетизма. Эти размышления резюмируются попыткой ответить на вопрос о том, можно ли говорить о Лавкрафте как о панэстете или антиэстете.
Agnieszka Górska, Anna Kraus
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 201 - 219
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.013.14172Selected Literature of Architects Related to the Lviv University of Technology. A Study on the Basis of Research from the Collections of the Cracow University of Technology Library Before 1945
The purpose of this publication is to draw attention to the scientific and historical value of the literary achievements of architects associated with The Lviv University of Technology on the basis of copies held in the collections of The Cracow University of Technology Library. Due to the extensive source material, the works of eleven selected architects were discussed. The characterization will take the form of library resources analysis, supported by source research. The study focuses solely on pre-1945 collections. The most interesting publications will be discussed in terms of their historical and substantive value.
ИЗБРАННЫЕ ПЕЧАТНЫЕ РАБОТЫ АРХИТЕКТОРОВ, СВЯЗАННЫХ СО ЛЬВОВСКОЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИКОЙ. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НА БАЗЕ ФОНДОВ БИБЛИОТЕКИ КРАКОВСКОЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИКИ ДО 1945 ГОДА
Ключевые слова: архитекторы, печатные работы по архитектуре, Львовская политехника, книжное собрание библиотеки Краковской политехники, XIX/XX век
Цель данной работы – привлечь внимание к научной и исторической ценности печатных работ архитекторов, связанных с Львовской политехникой. Анализ основан на публикациях из фондов библиотеки Краковской политехники. Принимая во внимание обширную базу источников, анализом охвачены работы одиннадцати избранных архитекторов. Характеристика будет представлена в виде анализа библиотечного собрания, дополнена исследованиями источников. Исследование сосредоточено только на печатной продукции, опубликованной до 1945 года.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 221 - 255
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.014.14173
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 257 - 262
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.015.14174Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 263 - 264
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.016.14175Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 9 - 20
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.002.14161Materials about the Dissolution of the Jesuit Order in 1773 and the Beginnings of the Commission of National Education Activity in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy Of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Princes Czartoryski Library in Kraków
The collection of the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences contains five volumes of documents titled “Education Nationale” (book number 2220, vol. 1–5). One of the volumes is held by the Princes Czartoryski Library. The materials are neither organised in chronological order nor by theme. Some threads related to the dissolution of the Jesuit Order as well as the establishment and activity of the Commission of National Education and the Polish-Lithuanian Commission for Distribution, responsible for distributing assets of the Jesuit Order for educational purposes under the Commission of National Education supervision, can be separated. What is worth to pay attention to are the letters of ex-Jesuits to king Stanisław August Poniatowski as well as other pieces of correspondence, a variety of draft laws, practical issues on goods and financial matters, minutes on meetings of different assemblies, or attempts to establish a position on numerous current issues. Eight handwritten maps showing distribution of schools supervised by the Commission of National Education within departments, as well as numerous universals and decrees are also worth noting.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО ИСТОРИИ УПРАЗДНЕНИЯ ОРДЕНА ИЕЗУИТОВ В 1773 Г. И НАЧАЛУ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОМИССИИ НАРОДНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК И БИБЛИОТЕКЕ КНЯЗЕЙ ЧАРТОРЫЙСКИХ В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: История Польши, упразднение ордена иезуитов 1773, Комиссия народного образования, рукописная коллекция „Education Nationale”
В Научной библиотеке Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук хранятся пять томов материалов под общим названием „Education Nationale” (sygn. 2220 т. 1–5). Ещё один том находится в Библиотеке князей Чарторыйских. Собранные документы расположены без соблюдения хронологичнского и тема- тического порядка. Среди них можно выделить несколько тематических групп, связанных с упразднением ордена иезуитов в Польше, созданием и деятельностью Комиссии народного образования, а также Распределительных комиссий Короны и Литвы, которые должны были передать бывшие иезуитские владения в школьное ведомство под руководством Комиссии народного образования. Стоит обратить внимание на письма, которые высылали бывшие иезуиты королю Станиславу Августу Понятовскому, а также на другую корреспонденцию, проекты различных законодательных актов, практические вопросы касающиеся имущества и финансовых дел, протоколы заседаний различных органов, а также попытки выработать позицию по ряду текущих вопросов. Следует обратить внимание на восем рукописных карт, представляющих размещение школ под надзором Комиссии народного образования на территории отдельных департаментов, а также многочисленные печатные экземпляры различных универсалов и распоряжений.
Jacek Wojtowicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 21 - 36
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.003.14162From Upper Hungary to Kraków. Sylwester Joanelli – the Career of an Italian Tenant of the Niedzica Castle
The paper presents the biographical and genealogical aspects of Sylwester Joanelle de Telvana’s life and activity. It also discusses the heraldic issues concerning his family, originating in Gandino near Bergamo. Joanelli, who originally was probably a Viennese merchant, moved to Upper Hungary. He worked closely with his cousin, Johann Andreas Joanelli, from whom he received a lease of Smolniki in Slovakia along with its ore mines. He was also one of the greatest copper traders in Kraków. In 1664, he married Katarzyna Formankowiczówna (Furmankowiczówna), the daughter of Jan, a councillor in Kraków. Around 1670, he leased the Dunajec castle in Niedzica. As a devout Catholic and Habsburgs’ supporter, he used to come into conflict with Hungarian Protestants. Forced to leave Smolnik, he settled in Niedzica. In 1683 he was fighting the Kuruc army under Imre Tököly for five weeks after which he fell into captivity. Redeemed from captivity, he made his way to Kraków, where he died after a few months. His wife funded him a splendid gravestone in the Italian Chapel located in the Church of St. Francis in Kraków. It still exists. Sylwester’s descendants owned the properties in Niedzica for next several dozen years, selling them out gradually after they moved to castellum in Łapsze.
ИЗ ВЕРХНЕЙ ВЕНГРИИ В КРАКОВ. СИЛЬВЕСТР ДЖОАНЕЛЛИ – КАРЬЕРА ИТАЛЬЯНЦА, АРЕНДАТОРА ЗАМКА В НЕДЗИЦЕ
Ключевые слова: Джоанелли де Тельвана биография, генеалогия, геральдика, Италия диаспора, Венгрия история промышленности, медь – продукция, переработка, торговля, венгерско-польское пограничье, Недзица замок, Краков – патрициат, итальянцы, итальянско-польские связи, Краков францисканский костёл итальянская часовня эпитафия
В статье прадставлена жизнь и деятельность Сильвестра Джоанелли де Тельвана с точки зрения биографии и генеалогии. Представлены вопросы геральдики его семьи, родом из Гандино около Бергамо. Джоанелли, первоначально вероятно купец из Вены, переехал в Верхнюю Венгрию. Тесно сотрудничал со своим кузеном Иоганном Андреасом Джоанелли, от которого получил в аренду Смольник в Словакии с находящимися там рудниками. Встречаем его также среди крупнейших купцов, торгующих медью в Кракове. В 1644 году он женился на Катерине, дочке Яна Форманковича (Фурманковича), члена краковского городского совета. Около 1670 года он взял в аренду замок Дунаец в Недзице. Будучи ревностным католиком и сторонником Габсбургов, он конфликтовал с венгерскими протестантами, был вынужден оставить Смольник и поселиться в Недзице. В 1683 году в течение пяти недель он защищался в этом замке от куруцев Имре Тёкёле и попал в плен. После того как его выкупили, он сбежал в Краков, где умер спустя несколько месяцев. Его жена возвела ему великолепное надгробие в итальянской часовне в францисканском костёле в Кракове. Оно сохранилось до наших дней. Потомки Сильвестра ещё более десятка лет имели владения в Недзице, постепенно распродавая их, переселились в замок в Лапшах
Greta Lemanaitė-Deprati
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 37 - 70
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.004.14163“I Believe that a Designated Role on Earth is There for Me as Well”. Unknown Letters from Jan Otrębski to Jan Rozwadowski in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences In Kraków
The Special Collections Department of the PAU and PAN Scientific Library in Krakow stores the correspondence of the eminent Indo-European linguist, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Jan Michał Rozwadowski (1867–1935). The collection includes the letters and postcards of Jan Szczepan Otrębski (1889–1971) and covers the period of thirteen years (1917–1930). It contains a lot of information on the considerations and doubts of the future Baltic linguist J. Otrębski, who at the moment was just starting his scientific career. Particularly clear is the thread of doubts about the rightness of choosing a career in science, and the lack of faith in one’s own abilities and the usefulness for science that often appears. The author of the letters repeatedly seeks advice and asks for help from professor J.M. Rozwadowski, who was then highly respected in the world of Indo-European studies. In the letters we can also find a considerable amount of the author’s reflections on various issues of Indo-European linguistics that bother him, which were later recognized as an innovative approach in the study of Baltic languages.
„ВЕРЮ, ЧТО И МНЕ ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕНА ОПРЕДЕЛЁННА РОЛЬ НА ЗЕМЛЕ”. НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЕ ПИСЬМА ЯНА ОТРЕМБСКОГО К ЯНУ РОЗВАДОВСКОМУ В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: Языкознание, индоевропеистика, балтистика, переписка, Ян Отрембский, Ян Михал Розвадовский
В Отделе специальных коллекций Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове хранится переписка выдающегося языковеда, индоевропеиста, профессора Ягеллонского университета Яна Михала Розвадовского (1867–1935), часть которой составляют письма Яна Щепана
Отрембского (1889–1971). Охватывающая тринадцатилетний период (1917–1930) коллекция писем и открыток содержит многочисленную информацию, касающуюся размышлений и сомнений только что вступившего на научную стезю будущего языковеда балтиста Яна Отрембского. Особенно выразительной является тема сомнения в правильности выбора научной карьеры, неоднократно проявляющееся отсутствие веры в свои способности и полезность для науки. Автор писем многократно обращается за советом и с просьбой о помощи к имеющему уже тогда большой авторитет в мировой индоевропеистике профессору Я.М. Розвадовскому. В письмах содержатся также многочисленные размышления автора над различными занимающими его вопросами индоевропейского языкознания, которые позже будут признаны новаторскими открытиями в исследовании балтийских языков.
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 71 - 81
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.005.14164Manuscripts of Kajetan Koźmian’s Poetry in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences Collection
The Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences collection contains a great number of works by a poet Kajetan Koźmian (1771–1856). Especially valuable are the authorial manuscripts of the writer’s works.
The paper deals with some chosen autographs of K. Koźmian’s poems available in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences. An annex has been added at the end – a publication of K. Koźmian’s poem Cantata for the Coronation of Napoleon after the author’s manuscript which has yet to become a subject of any academic research.
The paper discusses the following authorial manuscripts of K. Koźmian’s poems with some elements of analysis: To Zygmunt Krasiński (Poem I), To Wincent Krasiński in 1843, An Anacreontic to S. Małachowski, Cantata for the Coronation of Napoleon, On Hegel’s Philosophy in 1848, 77 years of age, A Poem to Franciszek Wężyk on the Road to Karlsbad spa.
The paper refers to a research on some manuscripts of K. Koźmian’s poems done by a literary historian Piotr Żbikowski (1935–2011).
РУКОПИСИ СТИХОВ КАЭТАНА КОЗЬМЯНА В СОБРАНИЯХ НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКИ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: Козьмян Каэтан (1771–1856), Козьмян Каэтан (1771–1856) рукописи авторской поэзии, Научная библиотека Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове рукописи
В собраниях Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове хранится богатое наследие поэта Каэтана Козьмяна (1771–1856). Особую ценность представляют рукописные авторские записи произведений поэта. Статья посвящена избранным автографам поэзии К. Козьмяна, доступным в Научной библиотеке Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук.
В приложении – публикация стихотворения К. Козьмяна Kantata na koronację Napoleona (Кантата на коронацию Наполеона), в соответствии с рукописью автора. Это произведение до сих пор не было предметом научной публикации.
В статье рассмотрены, с использованием элементов анализа, авторские рукописи стихов К. Козьмяна Do Zygmunta Krasińskiego (wiersz I), Do Wincentego Krasińskiego w roku 1843, Anakreontyk do S. Małachowskiego, Kantata na koronację Napoleona, Na filozofię Hegla – w r. 1848 życia 77, Wiersz do Franciszka Wężyka jadącego do wód do Karlsbadu.
Упомянуты исследования историка литературы Петра Жбиковского (1935–2011) над частью рукописей стихов К. Козьмяна.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 83 - 104
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.006.14165Polish Botanical and Mycological Research in Eastern Carpathians up to 1918. An Outline
As shown in the presented material, the contribution of Polish botanists into a scientific research on flora and fungi of Eastern Carpathians up to 1918 was significant. In spite of very limited funds, extremely difficult and undeveloped terrain and difficulties in organising fieldwork, a more or less advanced research had been conducted. They resulted in the publication of some high level scientific papers usually printed in the journals of the Cracow Scientific Society and then the Academy of Learning. The input of the Botanical Section of the Physiographical Commission of the Academy of Learning should be underlined as well. Researchers related to those institutions have greatly enhanced the knowledge of plants and fungi of the discussed region, thus vastly contributing to both Polish and European academic achievement.
It should also be noted that except for Polish researchers, the issue of botanic research in Eastern Carpatians within the discussed period has also been dealt with by foreign academics from: Austria, Germany, Hungary.
ПОЛЬСКИЕ БОТАНИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ВОСТОЧНЫХ КАРПАТАХ ДО 1918 ГОДА. КРАТКОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
Ключевые слова: Физиографическая комиссия Академии знаний, ботаника, микология, Восточные Карпаты
Исходя из представленных материалов, вклад польских ботаников в научное изучение флоры и грибов массивов Восточных Карпат до 1918 года был значительным. Несмотря на очень скромные ресурсы, крайне сложные и неосвоенные земли, проблемы с организацией полевых работ, проводились более или менее продвинутые исследования. Результатом стали публикации на высоком научном уровне, которые печатались прежде всего в научных периодических изданиях Краковского Научного Общества, а затем Академии знаний. Следует отметить значительный вклад Отделения ботаники Физиографической комиссии Академии знаний. Связанные с этими учреждениями исследователи внесли значительный вклад в познание мира растений и грибов упомянутого региона, основательно расширили научные достижения как в Польше, так и в Европе.
Следует также помнить, что проблемами ботанических исследований Восточных Карпат на протяжении всего рассматриваемого периода помимо польских, занимались и зарубежные учёные: австрийские, немецкие и венгерские.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 105 - 113
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.007.14166“From the Heats by Nile to the Fire of Revolution by Vistula”. Izydor Kajetan Wysłouch (1869–1973) and His Social Activity
The paper reminds the profile of a respected religious reformer and social activist whose life was also connected to Egypt. From 1902 to 1904, due to ill-health, he visited Egypt twice as he required climatotherapy. At that time he stayed in Helwan, a popular resort near Cairo. During his treatment, he was probably residing in Wanda Bilińska’s guesthouse, where residents from the territories of former-day Poland met. The stay in Egypt made a huge impression on Wysłouch. An ample evidence of his fascination with heritage and monuments of ancient Egypt is the neatly published volume, issued soon after the author’s return to Poland, titled From the Land of Ruins (Warsaw 1906); what is also interesting is its graphic design, using Egyptian motives, created by Franciszek Siedlecki (1867–1934). The volume, containing the author’s reflections on existence and prose poetry, signals the state of his soul, which was filled with loneliness and bitter sadness. Its content also suggests that the author had visited most of the country, from the Giza Pyramid Complex to the city of Aswan. Egypt influenced him to such a great degree that he called the country his second homeland. He also took his pen-name “Szech” (ar. Sheikh) at that time. Having returned to his motherland, Wysłouch became a keen supporter of working-class protests (1905). He also strongly backed the reforms in the Ethical and Social Teachings of the Church; he published numerous brochures in which he described an utopian programme that would connect Christianity with Communism and Polish patriotism; he decided to leave Church in 1908. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Wysłouch, as a public servant, played a vital role in organising and introducing the system of public disability pensions and retirement insurance in the reborn Poland.
„ОТ ЖАРЫ НАД НИЛОМ В ОГОНЬ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ НАД ВИСЛОЙ”. ИСИДОР КАЕТАН ВЫСЛОУХ (1869–1973) И ЕГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
Ключевые слова: Исидор Каетан Выслоух (1869–1937), католический модернизм в Польше 1900–1939, поляки в Египте 1900–1914
Напоминание о фигуре выдающегося религиозного реформатора и общественного деятеля, судьба которого также была связана с Египтом. В 1902–1904 годах из-за слабого здоровья он был вынужден дважды пройти климатическое лечение в Египте. Он отправился в Хелуан, фешенебельный курорт, расположенный недалеко от Каира. Во время лечения он, вероятно, останавливался в пансионате Ванды Билиньской, где собирались жители земель бывшей Польши. Пребывание в Египте произвело на Выслоуха большое впечатление. Ярким следом увлечения наследием Древнего Египта и его памятниками является старательно изданный вскоре после возвращения автора в Польшу том: Z krainy ruin <Из страны руин> (Варшава 1906); графическое оформление Францишка Седлецкого (1867–1934) также было выполнено в интересной манере с использованием египетских мотивов. Том рассуждений и поэтической прозы, содержащий экзистенциальные размышления автора, свидетельствует о состоянии его души в то время, наполненной чувством одиночества и трогательной печали. Содержание работы показывает, что автор довольно основательно объехал всю страну, от пирамид в Гизе до Асуана. Египет произвел на него большое впечатление, даже назвал его своей второй родиной. Именно тогда он принял термин „Szech” <Шейх> (ар. Sheikh) в качестве своего литературного псевдонима. Вернувшись в Польшу, Выслоух стал стойким сторонником рабочих протестов (1905 г.). Он также был решительным сторонником реформ в моральной и социальной доктрине Костёла; в многочисленных брошюрах он разработал утопическую программу, в которой пытался соединить христианство с социализмом и польским патриотизмом; покинул Костёл в 1908 году. После восстановления независимости Польши в 1918 году Выслоух в качестве государственного служащего сыграл важную роль в организации и внедрении системы всеобщего страхования по иивалидности и пенсионного страхования в возрожденной Польше.
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 115 - 130
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.008.14167Japonica in the Archives Left after Bronisław Piłsudski in the Cracow PAU-PAN Academic Library (9). Fujihiko Sekiba’s Mailing (Letter and Book) Sent to Bronisław Piłsudski and its Situational Context
The present material constitutes the ninth installment of the series introducing Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow and includes photocopies of a letter in German (with its envelope indicating the addressee and the sender in Japanese, its decipherment transcript, and translation into Polish) dated
ЯПОНСКИЕ СЛЕДЫ В АРХИВНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ БРОНИСЛАВА ПИЛСУДСКОГО В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК В КРАКОВЕ (9). ФУДЗИХИКО СЕКИБА И ЕГО ПОСЫЛКА (ПИСЬМО И КНИГА)
Ключевые слова: Бронислав Пилсудский, Фуджихико Секиба, айны, этномедицина, японские материалы в Научной библиотеке Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове
Настоящим, девятым в серии (ср. Grodziska 1998, Majewicz 1999, 2007, 2007a, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, Grądzka & Majewicz 2019), текстом мы продолжаем представлять японские документы в архивных материалах Бронислава Пилсудского из собраний Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний и Польской академии наук в Кракове. Мы вводим в научный оборот письмо Брониславу от доктора Фудзихико Секибы, сопровождающее авторский экземпляр монографии (1896) на тему народной медицины айнов – народа, исследование которого обеспечило Пилсудскому бессмертие в анналах науки. Секиба был известен по всей Японии и за её пределами как специалист в области медицины, истории медицины, а также как врач, значимость наследия которого не только сохраняется, но и возрастает до наших дней. Пилсудский также внёс свой вклад в область этномедицины айнов, причём его публикации в этой области представляли данные, полученные в ходе исследований независимо от Секибы, а весь этот результат стал доступен науке только в 1998–2011 годах как часть монументального (пока ещё четырёхтомного) издания собрания сочинений Бронислава Пилсудского (ср. CWBP). В тексте представлены фигура Секибы, упомянутый документ (факсимиле, транскрипт и перевод), а также описана ситуация связанная с пересылкой его Брониславу; содержится также обоснование призыва необходимости найти и/или установить судьбы переданной Брониславу книги. Эта переписка является фундаментальным свидетельством позиции Пилсудского в исследованиях айнов задолго до публикации её результатов, а также косвенно – позиции Пилсудского в мировой науке в целом.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 131 - 139
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.009.14168Maksymilian Cercha a Painter of the Tatras. From the “Forgotten Citizens of Kraków” Series
Maksymilian Cercha (1818–1907), whose life was linked to Kraków, was born in an assimilated Italian family and is known as a drawer, cataloguer of gravestones in the churches of Kraków and a co-author of a publication titled the Monuments of Kraków. In this paper however, his Tatra-themed paintings are discussed, which are yet to be included in the Art History. Cercha was Jan Nepomucen Głowacki’s student, who established Tatra mountains themed landscape painting in Kraków. In the summertime, he used to take his students to the Tatra mountains where he would rent an inn in Stare Kościelisko for an atelier.
Cercha painted his Tatra landscapes in the period from 1849 to 1860. These are:
–– Morskie Oko, oil on cardboard (31 x 23 cm), 1849;
–– View from Mała Łąka, oil on canvas (38 x 31 cm), 1853;
–– Mill in Chochołów, oil on cardboard (22 x 28 cm), 1853;
–– Sucha Woda Valley as seen from Brzeziny, oil on cardboard (32 x 26 cm), 1857;
–– View of the Giewont mountain, oil on cardboard (23 x 30 cm), c. 1860;
–– “Carpathians”, watercolour (22 x 14), 1860.
Except View from Mała Łąka, held by the Tatra Museum in Zakopane, all pictures belong to the family. Moreover, there are three pencil on paper drawings depicting Zakopane and Hamry from the period of 1855–1857 held by the National Museum in Kraków.
Cercha, modelling on Głowacki, used to oil paint on cardboard by firstly sketching on location and then finishing the picture back in Kraków. He used to replicate the themes drew out by Głowacki, such as the view of Morskie Oko lake. He continued the Cracovian tradition of Tatra landscape painting, whic, thanks to Głowacki, Franz Steinfeld the Younger’s student, derives from the Austrian landscape painting of Biedermeier period.
МАКСИМИЛИАН ЦЕРХА ХУДОЖНИК ТАТР. ИЗ ЦИКЛА «ЗАБЫТЫЕ ЖИТЕЛИ КРАКОВА»
Ключевые слова: Краков, пейзажная живопись, Школа рисунков и живописи, Татры
Максимилиан Церха (1818–1907), чья жизнь была связана с Краковом, происходил из ассимилированной итальянской семьи, известен как рисовальщик-инвентаризатор надгробий в краковских костёлах и соавтор издания «Памятники Кракова». В статье однако рассматриваются его живописные работы на тему Татр, ещё не вошедшие в историю искусства. Церха был учеником Яна Непомуцена Гловацкого, который положил начало в Кракове пейзажной живописи на тему Татр. Летом он выезжал со своими учениками в Татры, снимая под мастерскую корчму в Старом Косцелиско.
Пейзажи на тему Татр авторства Церхи в 1849–1860 годах это:
–– Morskie Oko (Морске-Око), картон, масло (31 x 23 см), 1849;
–– Widok z Małej Łąki (Вид с Мала-Лонки), холст, масло (38 x 31 см), 1853;
–– Młyn w Chochołowie (Мельница в Хохолове), картон, масло (22 x 28 см), 1853;
–– Dolina Suchej Wody od strony Brzezin (Долина Суха-Воды со стороны Бжезин), картон, масло (32 x 26 см), 1857;
–– Widok na Giewont (Вид на Гевонт), картон, масло (23 x 30 см), около 1860;
–– „Karpaty” (Карпаты), акварель (22 x 14 см), 1860.
За исключением работы Widok z Małej Łąki, которая находится в Музее Татр в Закопане, все они являются собственностью семьи. Кроме того, в Национальном музее в Кракове хранятся три карандашных рисунка на бумаге, созданные в 1855–1857 годах, представляющих Закопане и Хамры. Следуя примеру Гловацкого, Церха писал маслом на картоне, создавая зарисовки под открытым небом, который завершал после возвращения в Краков. Он повторял темы, которые затрагивал Гловацкий, например, вид на Морске-Око. Он продолжал традицию краковской живописи на тему Татр, которая посредством Гловацкого, ученика Франца Штайнфельда Младшего, пришли из австрийского пейзажа периода бидермайера.
Karolina Grodziska, Maria Radziszewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 141 - 168
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.010.14169“The Stories of a Lost Nest – The Year of God”. The Memory by Anna Jałbrzykowska from Ujazd
The paper contains an excerpt of a manuscript by Anna Jałbrzykowska (1908–1990) titled: “The Stories of a Lost Nest – the Year of God”. The text was written in 1972 and soon afterwards it was bought to be added into the manuscript collection of our Library, in which the author used to work for a short time before the outbreak of War. It comprises of a description of pre-war economics, daily life and house practices present in the manor house in Ujazd, located 14 km from Kraków, owned by the Jałbrzykowscy family since 1884 until 1945, when it was taken from them by the Polish communists. After this confiscation, the author, who studied humanities, was for many years working in the Jagiellonian Library, where she was accepted as an employee despite her then improper social background and a close family relationship between her and a prominent priest, archbishop of Vilnius Romuald Jałbrzykowski. The value of the presented source is both its recollective nature and interesting persons who visited the Jałbrzykowscy’s manor (priest professor Tadeusz Kruszyński, Tetmajerowie, Jan Bisanz) as well as the nostalgic, literary nature of the memories: the image of the world and lifestyle typical for the nobility living in a manor house which are gone, not so much due to natural economic development but because of the Polish communists rule.
„GAWĘDY O UTRACONYM GNIEŹDZIE – BOŻY ROK” (РАССКАЗЫ О ПОТЕРЯННОМ ГНЕЗДЕ – БОЖИЙ ГОД). ФРАГМЕНТ РУКОПИСИ АННЫ ЯЛБЖИКОВСКОЙ
Ключевые слова: Анна Ялбжиковска, Уязд, шляхетская усадьба, повседневность, нравы
Представленный текст является изданием фрагмента рукописи Анны Ялбжиковской (1908–1990) под названием «Gawędy o utraconym gnieździe – Boży Rok» («Рассказы о потерянном гнезде – Божий Год»). Текст был написан в 1972 году и вскоре куплен в рукописное собрание нашей библиотеки, где автор работала короткое время перед началом войны. Это описание довоенного хозяйства, повседневной жизни и домашних обычаев шляхетской усадьбы Уязд, расположенной в 14 км от Кракова и принадлежавшей семье Ялбжиковских с 1884 по 1945 год, когда она была отнята у них коммунистическими властями. После конфискации автор, имевшая гуманитарное образование, долгие годы работала в Ягеллонской библи теке, где её приняли на работу, несмотря на неподходящее в то время социальное происхождение и близкое родство с Ромуальдом Ялбжиковским, выдающимся священнослужителем, виленским архиепископом. Ценность представленного здесь источника заключаются как в его характере (воспоминания), так и в интересных людях, проходящих через дом Ялбжиковских (ксёндз профессор Тадеуш Крушиньский, Тетмайеры, Ян Бисанц), а также в ностальгическом, литературном характере воспоминаний: образ потерянного мира и прошлого образа жизни в шляхетской усадьбе, которому в Польше положили конец не столько естественное экономическое развитие, сколько коммунистические власти.
Wojciech Lipowski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 169 - 186
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.011.14170“The Old Life Returns to Us”... The Experience of Memory in Zygmunt Haupt’s Short Stories
The paper presents some selected aspects regarding the work of a Polish emigrant writer Zygmunt Haupt (1907–1975). Its aim is to provide an interpretation of the forms of remembrance contained in some of the short stories as well as the influence of the writer’s biography on his prose. In the second part, attention is given to the philosophical and cultural contexts in which the author’s works may be placed. Moreover, the linguistic elements present in the quoted short stories are also described. The author of the paper attempted to organise the biographical information about the writer as well as to depict the historical background of his literary activity.
“К НАМ ВОЗВРАЩАЕТСЯ ПРЕЖНЯЯ ЖИЗНЬ”... ОПЫТ ПАМЯТИ В РАССКАЗАХ ЗИГМУНТА ХАУПТА
Ключевые слова: Зигмунт Хаупт, формы памяти, код чтения, Пограничье, Подолье, биография, ностальгия, регионализм
В статье представлены избранные аспекты творчества польского писателя-эмигранта Зигмунта Хаупта (1907–1975). Осмыслена категория форм памяти в некоторых рассказах и влияние элементов биографии на произведения в прозе. Отдельная часть посвящена философским и культурным контекстам авторских текстов. В цитируемых рассказах описаны языковые явления. Кроме того были предприняты меры по уточнению биографии мастера слова, а также обозначена историческая среда, в которой проходила его литературная деятельность.
Bartłomiej Stempin
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 187 - 200
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.012.14171Fantasy, Horror, Panaesthetics and Antiaesthetics in the Views by Howard Phillips Lovecraft and His Works
The article aims at an insight into the issues of fantasy, horror, panaesthetics and antiaesthetics in the views and works by the early twentieth century American writer, Howard Phillips Lovecraft. Referring to some definitions formulated by various theoreticians, the author of this article firstly explains some basic terms such as: fantasy and horror. Afterwards, he takes a close look into the concepts of panaesthetics and antiaesthetics as well as some other related notions. The essay focuses both on presenting the profile of H.P. Lovecraft and his ideas in the fields of philosophy, arts and literature. Moreover, it intends to outline some advices he made on writing weird stories and building the atmosphere of fear. The author of the article attempts also to characterize H.P. Lovecraft’s literarily work in order to juxtapose the writer’s views and writing with the ideas behind the concepts of panaesthetics and antiaesthetics. Finally, the author tries to answer the question whether H.P. Lovecraft is to be seen more as a representative of a panaesthetic or rather antiaesthetic viewpoint.
ФАНТАСТИКА, УЖАСЫ, ПАНЭСТЕТИЗМ И АНТИЭСТЕТИЗМ ВО ВЗГЛЯДАХ И ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ГОВАРДА ФИЛЛИПСА ЛАВКРАФТА
Ключевые слова: Фантастика, ужасы, панэстетизм, антиэстетизм, Говард Филлипс Лавкрафт
Статья представляет собой попытку взглянуть на проблемы фантастики, ужаса, панэстетизма и антиэстетизма во взглядах и творчестве американского писателя в жанре фантастики и ужасов Говарда Филлипса Лавкрафта, писавшего в начале ХХ века. Автор статьи объясняет такие термины, как фантастика и ужасы, цитируя определения различных теоретиков. Затем он вводит вопросы панэстетизма и антиэстетизма и связанных с ними концепций. В статье представлен портрет Г.Ф. Лавкрафта и его взгляды на философию, искусство и литературу, обращая особое внимание на литературу ужасов. Рассмотрены также рекомендации Г.Ф. Лавкрафта, как писать потрясающие истории и создавать в них атмосферу ужаса. Автор статьи пытается охарактеризовать литературное творчество Г.Ф. Лавкрафта, а затем противопоставляет взгляды и произведения писателя положениям панэстетизма и антиэстетизма. Эти размышления резюмируются попыткой ответить на вопрос о том, можно ли говорить о Лавкрафте как о панэстете или антиэстете.
Agnieszka Górska, Anna Kraus
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 201 - 219
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.013.14172Selected Literature of Architects Related to the Lviv University of Technology. A Study on the Basis of Research from the Collections of the Cracow University of Technology Library Before 1945
The purpose of this publication is to draw attention to the scientific and historical value of the literary achievements of architects associated with The Lviv University of Technology on the basis of copies held in the collections of The Cracow University of Technology Library. Due to the extensive source material, the works of eleven selected architects were discussed. The characterization will take the form of library resources analysis, supported by source research. The study focuses solely on pre-1945 collections. The most interesting publications will be discussed in terms of their historical and substantive value.
ИЗБРАННЫЕ ПЕЧАТНЫЕ РАБОТЫ АРХИТЕКТОРОВ, СВЯЗАННЫХ СО ЛЬВОВСКОЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИКОЙ. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НА БАЗЕ ФОНДОВ БИБЛИОТЕКИ КРАКОВСКОЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИКИ ДО 1945 ГОДА
Ключевые слова: архитекторы, печатные работы по архитектуре, Львовская политехника, книжное собрание библиотеки Краковской политехники, XIX/XX век
Цель данной работы – привлечь внимание к научной и исторической ценности печатных работ архитекторов, связанных с Львовской политехникой. Анализ основан на публикациях из фондов библиотеки Краковской политехники. Принимая во внимание обширную базу источников, анализом охвачены работы одиннадцати избранных архитекторов. Характеристика будет представлена в виде анализа библиотечного собрания, дополнена исследованиями источников. Исследование сосредоточено только на печатной продукции, опубликованной до 1945 года.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 221 - 255
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.014.14173
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 257 - 262
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.015.14174Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXV (2020), 2020, s. 263 - 264
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.20.016.14175Data publikacji: 2019
Redaktor naczelny: Agnieszka Fluda-Krokos
Henryk Palkij
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 11 - 26
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.002.14145Concerns of the Father Sending his Sons Abroad for Education in the Light of the Correspondence of Stanisław M. Rzewuski, Voivode of Podlasie in the Years 1720–1727
The paper presents educational trips of sons: Seweryn Józef (older) and Wacław (younger) from the viewpoint of their father Stanisław Mateusz Rzewuski – the Voivode of Podlasie, later the Great Crown Hetman. Seweryn’s travel through Germany, Belgium, France, Italy and Austria took place under the custody of Marcin Kawiecki in the years 1720–1723. Knowing his son, the hetman was afraid of the results of the trip, but he did not spare his time and costs to ensure its successful accomplishment. However, he did not expect his son to cause so much trouble to him. The incident in Brussels affected the further course of the trip and forced the hetman to keep reminding the son of his expectations. Seweryn’s attitude also made the whole trip much more expensive. Less turbulent was Wacław’s trip (from circa the middle of 1724 to circa Easter of 1727), which he made on a similar route, also under Kawiecki’s custody. The hetman was satisfied with its results, but he was concerned about his son’s passion for flute playing that had emerged in the meantime. The educational trips under consideration were an example of a typical educational path of a young nobleman, which comprised home education, school lessons and travelling abroad. Their aim was to prepare sons for active participation in political life and to reinforce the family’s position in the Commonwealth.
ЗАБОТЫ ОТЦА, ОТПРАВЛЯЮЩЕГО СЫНОВЕЙ НА ОБУЧЕНИЕ ЗА ГРАНИЦУ В АСПЕКТЕ ПЕРЕПИСКИ СТАНИСЛАВА М. РЖЕВУСКОГО, ПОДЛЯШСКОГО ВОЕВОДЫ В 1720–1727 ГОДЫ
Статья представляет поездки, связанные с получением образования, сыновей Северина Юзефа (старшего) и Вацлава (младшего) с точки зрения отца Станислава Матеуша Ржевуского, Подляшского воеводы, позднее Великого гетмана коронного. Путешествие Северина через Германию, Бельгию, Францию, Италию, Австрию про- ходило под опекой Марцина Кавецкого, и длилось на протяжении 1720–1723 годов. Гетман, зная своего сына, опасался результатов этого путешествия, но и не щадил своего времени и расходов на то, чтобы оно успешно завершилось. Однако Ржевуский не ожидал, что сын доставит ему столько хлопот. Инцидент в Брюсселе повлиял на дальнейший его ход и заставил гетмана постоянно напоминать сыну о своих ожиданиях в отношении его. Поведение Северина также способствовало тому, что значительно увеличились расходы, связанные с этим путешествием. Более спокойно проходило путешествие Вацлава (примерно с половины 1724 года до Пасхи 1727 г.), которое он совершил по похожему маршруту, также под покровительством Кавецкого. Гетман был доволен его ходом, но беспокоился из-за проявившегося большого интереса сына к игре на флейте. Описанные путешествия, связанные с получением образования, были примером типичного пути образования молодого дворянина, которое состояло из домашнего обучения, обучения в школе, заграничных вояжей. Их целью была подготовка сыновей к активному участию в политической жизни и упрочению позиции рода в Речи Посполитой.
Ключевые слова: образовательное путешествие, гувернёр, Северин Жевyский, Станислав Матеуш Жевyский, Марцин Кавецкий
Jerzy Gordziejew
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 27 - 51
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.003.14146Source Materials for the History of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Part 7. on Municipal Issues in the 17th Century
The source materials contained in this volume encompass a number of 17th-century documents that describe the introduction of political and tax regulations in towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The edition of the first two letters written in 1615 and 1636 and regarding the establishment of local municipal government in Słonim (a county town in the Nowogródek [Navahrudak] province) provides valuable information about the legal and political characteristics of towns of this region. The third source is a copy of the regional privilege of the Połock land from 1511 that was issued by Sigismund I in 1623. The following thematically related documents are a decree of the administrator of the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Adam Maciej Sakowicz issued in 1659 and his letter concerning the exemption of townspeople and Jews from the Pińsk town from tax payments. The last document – an excerpt from the municipal records of Vitebsk dated 1674 – illustrates the process of acquisition of real property by townsman Semion Siwiec. Its analysis is an interesting example of the Polish-Belarusian language borderland specific to eastern territories of the Commonwealth.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ИЗ ПЕРВОИСТОЧНИКОВ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ИСТОРИИ ВЕЛИКОГО КНЯЖЕСТВА ЛИТОВСКОГО. Ч. 7. ИЗ ГОРОДСКОЙ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ В XVII В.
Представленные в этом томе материалы из первоисточников, включают в себя ряд документов семнадцатого века, которые указывают тему введения политических и налоговых преобразований в городах Великого Княжества Литовского. Печатное издание первых двух писем с 1615 и 1636 годов, рассказывающих об установле- нии городского самоуправления в Слониме (город на правах повета в Новогрудском воеводстве) представляет ценную информацию на тему государственной и юридической специфики городов этого региона. Третий источник является копией привилегии участкового пристава Полоцкой земли с 1511 г., выданной Сигизмундом III в 1623 г. Следующие два тематически связанных документа – это декрет администратора казначейства Великого Княжества Литовского Адама Мацея Саковича с 1659 года, а также его письмо по вопросу освобождения мещан и евреев города Пинска от уплаты налогов. Последняя выписка из городских документов Витебска, датированная 1674 годом, указывает процесс введения во владение недвижимостью мещанина Семёна Сивцa. Ее анализ представляет собой интересный пример польско-белорусской языковой грани, свойственной восточным территориям Речи Посполитой.
Ключевые слова: Великое княжество Литовское, Пинск, Слоним, Витебск, Полоцк Резюме
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 53 - 86
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.004.14147Everyday Life in the Things of the Late Emilia Majerowa, Neé Friedlein. A Posthumous Inventory Dated 1842
The manuscript collections of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow (manuscript 3906) include an inventory prepared after the death of Emilia Majerowa, neé Friedlein, who died in Cracow in 1842. Her husband was Wojciech, a lawyer, and her brother-in-law was Józef Majer, the president of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. The inventory of movables was drawn up after their owner’s death; their evaluation played an important role in inheritance proceedings. The reliability of such a document is not questionable. Today it provides information about the material culture of the epoch and social class concerned – in this case, a wealthy intellectual house from the times of the Free City of Cracow. The posthumous inventory of Emilia Majerowa’s property is quite large, containing thoroughly described and evaluated home equipment, clothes, jewellery, a large library for the standards of those times, and financial documents. The edition of the inventory was preceded by a preface with facts about the Majer family, as well as information concerning the characteristics of the posthumous inventory as a legal document. The paper ends with a glossary of Old Polish terms that were still used at that time and are a characteristic part of the 19th-century vocabulary.
ПОВСЕДНЕВНОСТЬ В ВЕЩАХ ПОКОЙНОЙ ЭМИЛИИ МАЙЕРОВОЙ, В ДЕВИЧЕСТВЕ ФРИДЛЯЙН. ПОСМЕРТНАЯ ОПИСЬ С 1842 Г.
Ключевые слова: Краков, XIX в., Эмилия Маеровa, посмертный инвентарь, издание
В рукописном собрании Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове (рукопись № 3906) находится опись, составленная после смерти Эмилии Майеровой, в девичестве Фридляйн, умершей в Кракове в 1842 году. Ее мужем был Войцех, юрист, а шурином – Юзеф Майер, председатель Академии знаний. Опись движимого имущества составлялась после смерти его владельца, производилась его оценка, что имело свое значение в процессе распределения наследства. Подлинность такого документа не вызывает сомнения. Он представляет информацию о материальной культуре данной эпохи и общественных слоев; в этом случае речь идет о состоятельном доме интеллигенции со времен Вольного города Кракова. Опись имущества после смерти Эмилии Майеровой довольно обширная, содержит подробно описанную и оцененную домашнюю утварь, одежду, бижутерию, богатую - как на те времена - библиотеку, а также финансы. Перед тем как представить запись этого документа, было написано предисловие с информацией о семье Майеров, а также информация, связанная со спецификой юридического документа, которым была посмертная опись. В конце был размещен небольшой словарь старопольских выражений, используемых в те времена, а также характерных для XIX века.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 87 - 102
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.005.14148Zygmunt Mineyko (1840 –1925) and the Discovery of Ancient Dodona
The text is devoted to Zygmunt Mineyko – a participant of the 1863 January Uprising, who had to look for safety in Western Europe after the collapse of the patriotic insurrection and the resulting repressions. Having acquired relevant professional qualifications in France, Mineyko worked as a specialist in civil engineering in the vast territory of the Ottoman Empire. In the years 1875–1876, working in the north-western part of Greece (Epirus), he managed to identify the location of Dodona – the main ancient sanctuary of Zeus. Due to the shortage of funds, he accepted financial support from a rich Greek Konstantinos Karapanos. In 1878, Karapanos issued a publication in Paris in which he attributed the discovery of the sanctuary and the results of work entirely to himself, mentioning only briefly Mineyko as his assistant engineer. From that moment on, Mineyko started to strive for the acknowledgement of his rights as a discoverer. His actions were not always effective, but the essential argument still laid in his hands. The most important historic items still belonged to him, as they had been discovered already at the time when he carried on the search by himself. A particularly valuable group of these objects (the famous group of the “Dodona bronzes”) was sold to the Museum in Berlin via his eldest daughter and sonin-law Ludwik Karol Potocki only in 1904. The text quotes also archive materials from the collection of the Academy of Arts and Sciences that were drawn up in 1877; Mineyko tried to arouse interest in his discovery also by presenting it directly to Polish experts in ancient history. Within the scope of the activity of the Archaeological Commission, on the basis of materials submitted by Mineyko, Professor Marian Sokołowski prepared a long report, defending Mineyko’s rights to the discovery (the text was published in the subsequent year).
СИГИЗМУНД МИНЕЙКО (1840 –1925)
Ключевые слова: Зигмунт Минейко (1840–1925), Додона, греческие святилища – оракулы, Константин Карапанос (1840–1914)
Текст посвящен личности Сигизмунда Минейко, участника патриотического повстанческого движения в 1863 году, который был вынужден после его падения и пережитых репрессий, искать безопасного укрытия в Западной Европе. После получения во Франции соответствующих квалификаций Минейко работал в качестве инженера, специалиста в области гражданского и морского строительства на обширной территории Османской Империи. В 1875–1876 годы, работая в северо-западной части Греции (Эпир), он сумел определить расположение Додоны, древнего оракула Зевса. Не имея на это соответствующих средств, он принял финансовую помощь со стороны богатого грека, Константина Карапаноса. В 1878 году Карапанос издал в Париже публикацию, в которой заслугу обнаружения святыни и результаты работ приписал исключительно своей персоне, о Минейко упомянул лишь вскользь как об инженере, который был дан ему в помощь. Минейко с этого момента начал предпринимать шаги, чтобы и его права в качестве первооткрывателя были учтены. Его действия не всегда были эффективными, но основной аргумент все время был в его руках. Наиболее ценные памятники старины, которые были обнаруже ны еще в те времена, когда он сам вел поиски, все еще были его собственностью. Необыкновенно ценный комплекс таких объектов (так называемая бронза из Додо- ны) с помощью его самой старшей дочери и зятя Людвика Кароля Потоцкого лишь в 1904 году был продан в Музей в Берлине. В тексте приведены также архивные
материалы из собрания краковской Академии знаний с 1877 года; потому что Минейко как бы «из первых рук» пытался своим открытием заинтересовать польских знатоков древности. В рамках работы Археологической комиссии, опираясь на материалы, отправленные Минейко, обширный отчет подготовил проф. Марьян Соко- ловски, одновременно защищая права Минейко на сделанное открытие (текст был опубликован уже в следующем году).
Adam Korczyński
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 103 - 114
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.006.14149The Photographic Documentation of St Catherine’s Church in Cracow in Karol Lanckoroński’s Collection of Photographs
A collection of photographs gathered by Karol Lanckoroński serves as a kind of photographic archive today. Because of the authorship of photographs kept there, this collection is not only of documentary, but also collector’s and artistic value. Kept in the Phototheque of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, this 19th-century photographic documentation contains, among others, photographs concerning St Catherine’s Church and the Augustinians’ monastery in the Cracow district of Kazimierz, as well as historic items and works of art connected with these sites. Most of the 47 identified thematic prints are signed with the surname Krieger. Made in Ignacy Krieger’s Studio, the photographic documentation of St Catherine’s Church that Karol Lanckoroński decided to put in his collection separates a number of thematic categories that are its characteristic features: the architecture of the church and the monastery, sepulchral architecture and sculpture, panel painting and the main altar serving as an example of 17th-century “monumental woodcarving”. Thus, the photographs described in the paper serve as interesting and valuable archive materials.
АДАМ КОРЧИНЬСКИ (ADAM KORCZYŃSKI) ФОТОДОКУМЕНТАЦИЯ ХРАМА СВЯТОЙ ЕКАТЕРИНЫ В КРАКОВЕ В СОБРАНИИ ФОТОГРАФИЙ КАРОЛЯ ЛЯНЦКОРОНСКОГО
Ключевые слова: фотография, Краков, Kpигep, Ланцкоронский, искусство Резюме
Коллекция фотографий, собранных Каролем Лянцкоронским, в настоящее время является своего рода фотографическим архивом. В связи с авторством собранных в нем фотографий, эта коллекция обладает не только документационной, но и коллекционной и художественной ценностью. В этой фотографической документации девятнадцатого века, в Фототеке Лянцкоронских Польской академии знаний (PAU) в том числе находятся фотографии с изображением костела св. Екатерины, а также монастыря августинцев в краковском районе города, Казимеже, a также памятников старины и произведений искусства, связанных с этими объектами. Большинство среди сорока семи опознанных тематических снимков обозначено фамилией Кригер. Фотодокументация из Студии Игнация Кригера, посвященная костелу св. Екатерины, которую Кароль Лянцкоронский решил поместить в своей коллекции, выделяет несколько так характерных для его собрания тематических категорий: архитектура костела и монастыря, погребальная архитектура и скульптуры, станковая живопись, а также главный алтарь, являющийся примером «монументальной резьбы по дереву» семнадцатого века. Можно с уверенностью утверждать, что представленные в статье фотографии являются интересным и ценным архивным материалом.
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 115 - 129
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.007.14150From the Collection of the Bookseller Marian Krzyżanowski as a Source of Research on the Musical and Theatrical Life of Cracow and Warsaw in the 19th and 20th Century
Programs and posters of theatre performances and concerts, as well as similar prints, serve as a valuable source of research on the tradition of the theatrical and musical life of particular cities. The Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow contains materials of this kind referring to cultural events in Cracow and Warsaw, which were collected by the Cracow bookseller, antiquarian and publisher Marian Krzyżanowski, a son of the Cracow bookseller and publisher Stanisław Andrzej Krzyżanowski. These are posters from classical music concerts, theatrical programs and invitations. The documents were prepared in the years 1884–1955. A large part of them is the documentation of the activity of the concert office run by Stanisław Krzyżanowski beside the bookshop from 1870. These prints are analysed in the paper. The overview of social life documents was preceded by information about Stanisław Andrzej Krzyżanowski and his son Marian and their activity in such fields as the animation of musical culture.
ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННУЮ ЖИЗНЬ, ИЗ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ КНИГОТОРГОВЦА МАРЬЯНА КРЖИЖАНОВСКОГО КАК ИСТОЧНИК ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НАД МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ И ТЕАТРАЛЬНОЙ ЖИЗНЬЮ КРАКОВА И ВАРШАВЫ В XIX И XX ВЕКАХ
Ключевые слова: Мариан Кшижановский (1880–1964); музыкальная жизнь, театр, Краков, Варшавa, XIX в., XX в., история
Ценным источником в исследованиях традиции театральный и музыкальной жизни конкретных городов являются программы и афиши с театральными постановками и концертами, а также другие подобного рода печатные издания. В собраниях Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове находятся материалы подобного рода, относящиеся к культурным меро- приятиям, которые проходили в Кракове и Варшаве, и собранные краковским книготорговцем, антикваром и издателем Марьяном Кржижановским, сыном книготорговца, издателя и инвестора из Кракова, Станислава Анджея Кржижановского. Этоафиши концертов классической музыки, театральные программы и приглашения. Временные границы создания этих документов – это 1884–1955 гг. Большая часть материалов – это документация работы концертного бюро, которое действовало под началом Станислава Кржижановского в его книжном магазине с 1870 года. В статье были проанализированы эти печатные издания. Перед обсуждением документов, посвященных общественной жизни, автор представил информацию о Станиславе Анджее и Марьяне Кржижановских, а также о их деятельности, в том числе в области продвижения музыкальной культуры.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 131 - 143
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.008.14151Carpathian Research by Józef Dziędzielewicz
This paper presents an outline of the history of entomological research by Józef Dziędzielewicz, a long-year collaborator of the Cracow Scientific Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences, that was conducted by him in the Carpathians at the turn of the 20th century. Dziędzielewicz was a self-taught expert in natural sciences. Thanks to research and publication, he became an authority on a European scale in the field of insects from the Neuropterida clade, which are currently categorised into a few separate orders. Most of his research works concerned caddisflies (Trichoptera) and dragonflies (Odonata).
During many years of his research, Dziędzielewicz made an extraordinary contribution to the knowledge of the world of Carpathian insects. He was one of the most outstanding entomologists both in the history of Polish and European science. He was known as an excellent taxonomist and morphologist, and he introduced a number of new species into science. He collaborated with many European entomologists, particularly with Professor František Klapálek from Prague.
He conducted field research on the fauna and distribution of Neuropterida in the Eastern Carpathians in Pokuttya, Podolia, Silesia, the Tatras and in the large part of Outer Subcarpathia. Apart from fauna lists and taxonomic reflections, his works contain many elements from the field of zoogeography and biology of insects. He also promoted the use of Polish generic names, sometimes creating new ones. He described several newly discovered species from the Trichoptera order.
КАРПАТСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЮЗЕФА ДЗЕНДЗЕЛЕВИЧА
Ключевые слова: история, Академия Нayк, Карпаты, энтомология, Дзендзелевич
В этой статье представлена в общих чертах история энтомологических исследова- ний Юзефа Дзендзелевича, многолетнего сотрудника Научного краковского обще- ства, а затем Академии знаний, которые он проводил в Карпатах на рубеже XIX и XX вв. В естественных науках Дзендзелевич был самоучкой. Благодаря иссле- дованиям и публикациям он стал известным европейским авторитетом в области сетчатокрылых насекомых, которые в настоящее время входят в несколько отдельных отрядов. Большинство его исследовательских трудов касалось ручейников (Trichoptera) и стрекоз (Odonata).
На протяжении многих лет своей деятельности Дзендзелевич способствовал в огромной мере познанию мира насекомых в Карпатах. Будучи одним из наиболее выдающихся польских энтомологов, он внес свою лепту как в польскую науку, так и европейскую. Заявил себя как превосходный таксоном и морфолог, кроме того ввел в науку новые виды. Сотрудничал с многими европейскими энтомологами, в особенности в профессором Франтишеком Клапалеком (František Klapálek) из Праги. Он вел исследования в природных условиях фауны и размещения сетчатокрылых насекомых в Восточных Карпатах, на Покутье, Подолье, в Силезии, в Татрах и в большей части Прикарпатья. Его труды, кроме перечня фауны и таксономических рассуждений, также содержат много элементов из области зоогеографии и биологии насекомых. Он также закреплял польские названия видов, иногда создавая новые. Ученый описал более десятка новых для науки видов из отряда Trichoptera.
Anna Grądzka , Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 145 - 159
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.009.14152Japonica in the Archives Left After Bronisław Piłsudski in the Cracow Pau-Pan Academic Library 8. Kimiko Torii’s Letter To Bronisław and Mitsugo Yokoyama’s Letter Written on Board S/S Dakota
The present material constitutes the eighth installment of the presentation of Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow and includes two letters in facsimile, transliteration, and interpretation in Polish. The first of them has been written in Japanese but in Roman characters (rōmaji) with few insertions in French. Its author, Kimiko Torii was the wife of the renowned Japanese ethnographer and anthropologist Ryūzō Torii who traveled extensively and conducted fieldwork in many places studying numerous cultures, the Ainu, especially the Kuril Ainu, included. Bronisław was personally acquainted with the couple – Ryuzo translated (from German) and published Bronisław’s work “The Aborigines of Sakhalin” (English translation in CWBP 1, 222–235), and Bronisław went to the railway station in Tokyo to see Kimiko off on her way to Mongolia to join her husband there – both conducted research in that country but the primary reason for Kimiko was to go on invitation from a local prince to Harqin (today in Inner Mongolia in China) to replace another Japanese lady in teaching in a school for Mongolian, primarily the prince’s, children – Misako
Kawahara. Both ladies left several memoir publications each on their stay and experience accumulated in Mongolia, Kimiko coauthored also some works of academic importance with Ryuzo. Basic data on all the three persons and details concerning some of the publications mentioned have been provided. The letter is personal and, explaining circumstances, constitutes a plea for excuse for failed encounter on a snowy winter evening (beginning of February 1906) at the Toriis’.
The other letter has been written by a person from Hiroshima Prefecture named Mitsugo Yokoyama who happened to board S/S Dakota on the way from Japan to the USA as a stowaway. Freezing while in hiding, he was offered a warm blanket from “a Russian” which helped him to survive. The letter does not mention the donor’s name and was probably written as sort of a statement for the captain but also as a letter of the deepest gratitude toward the “Russian”. Finding the moving letter in Cracow allows a supposition that it had been handed over to Piłsudski by its receiver. Kazuhiko Sawada succeeded in tracing the lot of the then lucky beneficiary who survived the journey and his and his family hard times in America (he had six children, five of them allegedly still alive in 2005).
Some remarks on the language of the letters and on Bronisław’s nature have also been made. It is the first among all so-far published installments in the Japonica series emerging in co-authorship: Ms. Anna Grądzka prepared the tentative versions of the decipherment of the manuscript originals, and their transliterations and translations within the framework of her MA thesis in Japanese studies at Nicoalus Copernicus University in Toruń.
АЛЬФРЕД Ф. МАЕВИЧ (ALFRED F. MAJEWICZ) ЯПОНСКИЙ СЛЕД В АРХИВАХ, ОСТАВШИХСЯ ПОСЛЕ БРОНИСЛАВА ПИЛСУДСКОГО В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК 8. ПИСЬМО КИМИКО ТОРИИ БРОНИСЛАВУ ПИЛСУДСКОМУ И ПИСЬМО МИЦУГО ЁКОЯМА, НАПИСАННОЕ НА БОРТУ ПАРОХОДА ДАКОТА
Ключевые слова: Пилсудский Б.О. (Бронислав), Тории Рюдзо, Тории Кимико, Кавахара Мисако, архивные материалы Б.О. Пилсудского в фондах архивов Кракова, японская эмиграция в Америку, Япония и Монголия, Дакота пароход
Настоящий материал представляет собой восьмую часть презентации японских документов, хранящихся в архивах Бронислава Пилсудского в Научной библиоте- ке Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове, и включает два факсимильных воспроизведения писем, их транслитерацию и пере- вод на польский язык. Первое из них было написано на японском языке буквами латинского алфавита (rōmaji) с несколькими вставками на французском языке. Кимико Тории была супругой знаменитого японского этнографа и антрополога Рюдзо Тории, много путешествовавшего и изучавшего в полевых условиях различные культуры, включая культуру айнов, в частности, проживающих на Курильских островах. Бронислав был лично знаком с этой парой – Рюдзо перевел (с немецкого) и опубликовал работу Пилсудского под названием «Аборигены Сахалина» (перевод на английский
язык в CWBP 1, 222–235), а Бронислав отправился на железнодорожный вокзал в Токио, чтобы проводить Кимико в Монголию, где она должна была присоединиться к своему супругу – оба они занимались исследованиями в этой стране, однако основной причиной поездки Кимико было приглашение от местного князя в Харачин (сегодня находится в районе Внутренняя Монголия, Китай) в качестве замены для японской учительницы, занимавшейся с местными детьми (в основном, с детьми князя) – Мисако Кавахара. Обе женщины оставили после себя мемуары о своей жизни в Монголии, а Кимико в соавторстве с Рюдзо также опубликовала несколько научных работ. В материале также представлены основные сведения обо всех трех персонах и подробная информация о некоторых из упомянутых публикаций. Письмо является личным, и его автор, объясняя обстоятельства, просит прощения за неудавшуюся встречу снежным зимним вечером (в начале февраля 1906 г.) в доме семьи Тории.
Другое письмо было написано человеком из префектуры Хиросима по имени Мицуго Ёкояма, который проник на борт парохода «Дакота», идущего из Японии в США, без билета. Скрываясь от посторонних глаз, он сильно замерз, а пережить холод ему помог один «русский», предложивший ему теплое одеяло. В письме не упоминается имя благодетеля, и написано оно было, скорее всего, как объяснительная на имя капитана, но в то же время содержит очень много теплых слов в адрес «русского». Тот факт, что это письмо было найдено в Кракове, дает повод предположить, что оно было передано Пилсудскому его получателем. Кадзухико Савадe удалось отследить судьбу того безбилетного пассажира, который пережил не только путешествие, но и трудности, с которыми столкнулась его семья в Америке (у него было шесть детей, и пятеро из них в 2005 году еще были живы).
Также приводится несколько комментариев об используемой в письмах лексике и о характере Бронислава. Это первая из опубликованных на данный момент частей серии Japonica, созданных в соавторстве: черновые версии расшифровок рукописных оригиналов, а также их транслитерации и переводы были подготовлены г-жой Анной Грондзкой в рамках магистерской диссертации по японоведению в Университете Николая Коперника в Торуни.
Paweł Wierzbicki
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 161 - 185
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.010.14153Tygodnik Polski (Harbin 1922–1942) as a Source for the History of Polish Emigration in China
Harbin, a city located in Manchuria in the Far East, became an important centre of Polish emigration in the first half of the 20th century. It was inhabited by a few thousand Polish expatriates, who could attend Polish churches and schools and had Polish social, economic and cultural organisations here. They also published books and periodicals. The longest existing periodical was Tygodnik Polski, a weekly founded by priest Władysław Ostrowski. In spite of financial difficulties and a small number of Poles in Manchuria, Tygodnik survived for 20 years (1922–1942), becoming an important source documenting the life of the Polish community in that area. Among Polish periodicals issued in Asia, it was published for the longest time and was the only Polish periodical in Asia for some time. The aim of the presented paper is to supplement the existing state of research with new information regarding the publication, edition, character and mission of the weekly. Among raised problems, the issues of upbringing and education were highlighted. The research was based on an analysis of annual volumes of Tygodnik Polski.
«TYGODNIK POLSKI» (ХАРБИН 1922–1942) – ИСТОЧНИК ИСТОРИИ ПОЛЬСКОЙ ЭМИГРАЦИИ В КИТАЕ
Ключевые слова: Китай, Харбин, поляки, эмиграция, польская пресса
Харбин – город расположенный в Манчжурии на Дальнем Востоке, стал в первой половине XX века важным центром польской эмиграции. В нем проживало огромное количество выходцев из Польши, насчитывающее несколько тысяч человек, у которых были польские костелы, школы, общественные, ультурные и экономические организации. Польская диаспора также издавала книги и журналы. Дольше всех просуществовало издание «Tygodnik Polski» (Польский еженедельник), основанное священником Владиславом Островским. Несмотря на финансовые трудности и небольшое количество поляков в Манчжурии журнал «Tygodnik Polski» просуществовал на протяжении 20 лет (1922–1942), становясь важным источником, документирующим жизнь польской общественности на этой территории. Этот периодик дольше всех других польских журналов существовал на рынке Азии, а некоторое время был даже единственным изданием такого рода. Целью представленной статьи было дополнение существующих до сих пор исследований на эту тему новой информацией, связанной с изданием, редактированием, характером и миссией журнала. Среди затронутых проблем было обращено внимание на вопросы воспитания и образования. Основой для произведенных исследований был анализ ежегодников журнала «Tygodnik Polski».
Maria Urgacz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 187 - 243
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.011.14154‘It is Not the War that Kills and Demoralises Us’…A Commentary to Postwar Events in Poland and Abroad in a Diary from the War Period of 1914–1921 By Franciszek Duda
This source edition is a continuation of a fragment of A Diary from the War Period of 1914–1918 by Franciszek Duda, which was published in the “Annual Volume of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow”, Vol. 58 (2018). In the previous part, the author brought the edition up to the moment of establishment of the Provisional People’s Government of the Republic of Poland led by Prime Minister Jędrzej Moraczewski. In the further part of his memoirs, Franciszek Duda leads the reader through the most important postwar events, including the victorious defence of Lviv in November 1918, Ignacy Paderewski’s return to Poland and his two visits to Cracow, events accompanying the signature of the Treaty of Versailles, the Polish-Czechoslovak war for the territory of Cieszyn Silesia, the Polish-Ukrainian war and the Upper Silesia plebiscite.
The author of the memoirs was a representative of the Cracow intelligentsia, an employee of the National Archive of Castle and Land Records in Cracow (currently the National Archive in Cracow), and a declared advocate of the national ideas of Roman Dmowski. In his Diary..., Franciszek Duda does not report any new facts from that period that had been unknown to or rarely commented by historians until then. An interesting aspect of his memoirs is his own remarks and thoughts and a reflection of what others thought of current events and how information was circulated in Cracow at that time – who disseminated the news, what rumours spread around the city and how they were commented. Franciszek Duda gives us a very detailed account of moods and opinions that prevailed in Cracow in those days. It is worth mentioning that these comments are also very subjective and, given the fact that the same author expressed relatively moderate opinions in the previous part, loaded with emotions. We can suppose that even the time that passed from the time of writing the original Diary... till its rewriting in 1936 did not soften the author’s feelings regarding these events.
«НЕ ВОЙНА УБИВАЕТ И ДЕМОРАЛИЗУЕТ»… КОММЕНТАРИЙ К ПОСЛЕВОЕННЫМ СОБЫТИЯМ В ПОЛЬШЕ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ В ДНЕВНИКЕ СО ВРЕМЕН ВОЙНЫ 1914–1921 ФРАНТИШЕКА ДУДЫ
Ключевые слова: воспоминания, Францишек Дуда, Краков, Тешинская Силезия, Верхняя Силезия
Данная публикация источника – это продолжение фрагмента Дневника со времен войны 1914–1918, автором которого является Франтишек Дуда, опубликованного в «Ежегоднике Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове» R. 58 (2018). В предыдущей части автор завершила публикацию на моменте создания Временного народного правительства Польской Республики под руководством Енджея Морачевского. В следующих моментах своих воспоминаний Франтишек Дуда ведет читателя по наиболее важным послевоенным событиям, рассказывая и о победной обороне Львова в ноябре 1918 года, и о воз- вращении Игнация Падеревского в Польшу и его двукратном посещении Кракова, о событиях, которые сопутствовали подписанию Версальского договора, и о Польско-чехословацкой войне за территорию Тешинской Силезии, о Польско-украинской войне, а также о Верхнесилезском плебисците.
У читателя перед глазами проходят воспоминания, записанные представителем краковской интеллигенции, сотрудника Национального архива городских и земских актов в Кракове (в настоящее время Национальный архив в Кракове), и к тому же ярого сторонника национальных идей Романа Дмовского. Франтишек Дуда в своем Дневнике... не представляет какой-либо новой информации с этого периода, которая не была бы известна и не комментировалась уже множество раз историками. Но интересными кажутся его собственные замечания и размышления, а также отображение в его записях того, что об актуальных событиях думают другие, как передавалась информация в Кракове в те времена – кто распространял сообщения, какие слухи «ходили» по городу, а также, как их комментировали. Франтишек Дуда очень подробно передает нам господствующие в те времена в Кракове настроения и мнения. Следует отметить, что эти комментарии очень субъективны и, если в предыдущей части автор высказывался достаточно сдержанно, то здесь его рассуждения переполнены эмоциями. Можно предположить, что даже время, которое прошло с момента записи оригинала Дневника... до повторного его написания в 1936 году, не смягчило чувств автора в отношении тех событий.
Iwona Branc
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 245 - 256
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.012.14155Letters by Zofia Stryjeńska (1891–1976) to Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki in the Collection of the Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow
The edition of letters written by Zofia Stryjeńska (1891–1976), an outstanding artist of the interwar period, to Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki includes several letters from the years 1917, 1931 and 1935. Zofia Jachimecka (1886–1973), a translator from Italian and German and her husband Zdzisław (1882–1953), a musicologist, ran an artistic & social salon in their apartment at ul. Grodzka 47 in Cracow.
Kept in the Special Collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS, the short and concise correspondence recalls the times of the cultural elite of the interwar period.
The paper presents the life and artistic achievements of Stryjeńska and Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki. Their mutual interest in music and theatre and a similar way of perceiving art are visible in their artistic output.
The paper contains many quotations from persons connected with intellectual Cracow, which testifies to the significant status of Stryjeńska and Jachimecki. The content of letters created an opportunity to recall the names of outstanding persons who have been connected with the culture and science of Cracow.
ПИСЬМА ЗОФИИ СТРЫЕНСКОЙ (1891–1976), НАПИСАННЫЕ ЗОФИИ И ЗДЗИСЛАВУ ЯХИМЕЦКИМ В ФОНДАХ НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКИ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ (PAU) И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (PAN) В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: София Стрыeньская, София Яхимецкaя, Здзислав Яхимецкий, музыковедение XX в., живопись XX в., польский театр XX в., переписка XX в., Краков (Польша) – интеллектуальная жизнь XX в.
Издание писем Зофии Стрыенской (1891–1976), выдающейся артистки межвоенного двадцатилетия, которые она писала Зофии и Здзиславу Яхимецким – это несколько писем с 1917, 1931 и 1935 годов. Зофия Яхимецка (1886–1973), переводчица итальянского и немецкого языков, а также ее муж Здзислав (1882–1953), музыковед, вели в своей квартире по ул. Гродзкой 47 в Кракове светский художественный салон. Короткая, скупая в слова переписка, находящаяся в Специальных фондах Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN),
напоминает о временах культурной элиты межвоенного периода. В статье представлена жизнь и творческие свершения Стрыенской, а также Зофии и Здислава Яхимецких. Общая любовь к музыке и театру, а также похожий способ восприятия искусства, заметны в их художественных достижениях. Многочисленные цитаты людей, связанных с интеллектуальным Краковом, собранные в этой статье, свидетельствуют о значительном ранге Стрыенской и Яхимецких. Содержание писем позволило вспомнить фамилии выдающихся людей, которые до нынешних дней связаны с культурой и наукой Кракова.
Rita Majkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 257 - 275
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.013.14156The Role and Importance of Family Archives in Research. A Few Pages From the Archive of the Kotkowski Family...
On the basis of a few selected groups of materials (correspondence, texts of memoirs, albums with photographs, documents and personal writings) from the family archive, the author shows how much information taken from it can be used for various kinds of historical research. The paper is an encouragement to draw the attention of an ordinary citizen to the necessity of preserving family souvenirs, particularly archive materials. This is particularly important in the period when, due to its speed, technical revolution makes it possible to record information in new forms while causing a limited possibility of preserving documentation, e.g., correspondence. The paper serves as a response to the “Become a Family Archivist” workshop – a campaign that has recently been promoted by the National Management of State Archives. The history of the branch of the Kotkowski family from Dzierzkowice, which is related and affined to many families (Zaborowski, Loegler, Lelek, Lubich, Szaniawski, Iłłakowicz, Gombrowicz, Zopoth, Rössner, Strzałkowski, Herman and other families), shows that, in spite of the occasional incompleteness of preserved archive materials, we can find there many research topics opening areas for further queries, but we can also be enchanted by the beauty of family souvenirs. The author also draws our attention to the possibility of handing archive materials over to public collections (archives, libraries). The paper reminds researchers of the importance of heritages (personal archives) of not only important persons, but also of those waiting to notice them. The latter include also persons presented in the paper from two generations of families living in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The paper described the fates of Józef Kotkowski (1843–1914), a participant of the January Uprising and an engineer in Buchach, Stryi and Lviv; Mieczysław Kotkowski (1881–1946), a judge in Sanok, Dobromil and Przemyśl, or distinguished officers of the First World War: August, Artur and Erwin Rössner.
РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ СЕМЕЙНЫХ АРХИВОВ В НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ. НЕСКОЛЬКО СТРАНИЦ ИЗ СЕМЕЙНОГО АРХИВА КОТКОВСКИХ...
Ключевые слова: семейный архив, архивное наследие, семья Котковских, семья Росснеров, повстанцы, солдаты
На основании нескольких избранных групп материалов из семейного архива (переписки, текстов-воспоминаний, альбомов с фотографиями и личных записей) автор показывает, как много добытой из него информации может послужить для разного рода исторических исследований. Статья является своего рода приглашением, чтобы обратить внимание обычного обывателя на необходимость хранить семейные реликвии, а особенно архивных материалов. Это особенно важно во времена, когда скорость технической революции настолько огромна, что предоставляя все более новые формы записи, приводит к тому, что ограничивается возможность сохранения какой-либо документации, например, переписки. Статья – это ответ на пропагандируемую с недавних пор Главной дирекцией государственных архивов акцию мастер-классов под названием «Стань семейным архивистом». История ветви рода Котковских из Дзежковиц в Сандомерском воеводстве, состоящего в родстве со многими семьями (Заборовских, Леглеров, Лельков, Любихов, Шанявских, Иллаковичей, Гомбровичей, Зопотов, Рёсснеров, Стшалковских, Германов и других), показывает, что несмотря на иногда частично уцелевшие архивные материалы можно в них найти множество тем для исследований, которые открывают поле для дальнейших поисков, а также позволяет восхититься прекрасными семейными реликвиями. Также автор обращает внимание на возможность передачи архивных материалов в общественные фонды – в архивы и библиотеки. Статья напоминает исследователям, как ценным является наследие (личные архивы) не только известных личностей, но и тех, кто ждет, что бы их заметили. Такими личностями являются представленные в этой статье избранные образы людей, из двух поколений семей, живущих во второй половине XIX и первой половине XX веков. Это судьбы Юзефа Котковского (1843–1914) повстанца Январского восстания, инженера в Бучаче, Стрые, Львове; Мечислава Котковского (1881–1946), судьи в Саноке, Добромиле, Пшемысле, а также заслуженных офицеров Первой мировой войны – Августа, Артура и Эрвина Рёсснеров.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 277 - 302
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.014.14157Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 303 - 304
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.015.14158Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 305 - 306
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.016.14159Henryk Palkij
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 11 - 26
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.002.14145Concerns of the Father Sending his Sons Abroad for Education in the Light of the Correspondence of Stanisław M. Rzewuski, Voivode of Podlasie in the Years 1720–1727
The paper presents educational trips of sons: Seweryn Józef (older) and Wacław (younger) from the viewpoint of their father Stanisław Mateusz Rzewuski – the Voivode of Podlasie, later the Great Crown Hetman. Seweryn’s travel through Germany, Belgium, France, Italy and Austria took place under the custody of Marcin Kawiecki in the years 1720–1723. Knowing his son, the hetman was afraid of the results of the trip, but he did not spare his time and costs to ensure its successful accomplishment. However, he did not expect his son to cause so much trouble to him. The incident in Brussels affected the further course of the trip and forced the hetman to keep reminding the son of his expectations. Seweryn’s attitude also made the whole trip much more expensive. Less turbulent was Wacław’s trip (from circa the middle of 1724 to circa Easter of 1727), which he made on a similar route, also under Kawiecki’s custody. The hetman was satisfied with its results, but he was concerned about his son’s passion for flute playing that had emerged in the meantime. The educational trips under consideration were an example of a typical educational path of a young nobleman, which comprised home education, school lessons and travelling abroad. Their aim was to prepare sons for active participation in political life and to reinforce the family’s position in the Commonwealth.
ЗАБОТЫ ОТЦА, ОТПРАВЛЯЮЩЕГО СЫНОВЕЙ НА ОБУЧЕНИЕ ЗА ГРАНИЦУ В АСПЕКТЕ ПЕРЕПИСКИ СТАНИСЛАВА М. РЖЕВУСКОГО, ПОДЛЯШСКОГО ВОЕВОДЫ В 1720–1727 ГОДЫ
Статья представляет поездки, связанные с получением образования, сыновей Северина Юзефа (старшего) и Вацлава (младшего) с точки зрения отца Станислава Матеуша Ржевуского, Подляшского воеводы, позднее Великого гетмана коронного. Путешествие Северина через Германию, Бельгию, Францию, Италию, Австрию про- ходило под опекой Марцина Кавецкого, и длилось на протяжении 1720–1723 годов. Гетман, зная своего сына, опасался результатов этого путешествия, но и не щадил своего времени и расходов на то, чтобы оно успешно завершилось. Однако Ржевуский не ожидал, что сын доставит ему столько хлопот. Инцидент в Брюсселе повлиял на дальнейший его ход и заставил гетмана постоянно напоминать сыну о своих ожиданиях в отношении его. Поведение Северина также способствовало тому, что значительно увеличились расходы, связанные с этим путешествием. Более спокойно проходило путешествие Вацлава (примерно с половины 1724 года до Пасхи 1727 г.), которое он совершил по похожему маршруту, также под покровительством Кавецкого. Гетман был доволен его ходом, но беспокоился из-за проявившегося большого интереса сына к игре на флейте. Описанные путешествия, связанные с получением образования, были примером типичного пути образования молодого дворянина, которое состояло из домашнего обучения, обучения в школе, заграничных вояжей. Их целью была подготовка сыновей к активному участию в политической жизни и упрочению позиции рода в Речи Посполитой.
Ключевые слова: образовательное путешествие, гувернёр, Северин Жевyский, Станислав Матеуш Жевyский, Марцин Кавецкий
Jerzy Gordziejew
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 27 - 51
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.003.14146Source Materials for the History of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Part 7. on Municipal Issues in the 17th Century
The source materials contained in this volume encompass a number of 17th-century documents that describe the introduction of political and tax regulations in towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The edition of the first two letters written in 1615 and 1636 and regarding the establishment of local municipal government in Słonim (a county town in the Nowogródek [Navahrudak] province) provides valuable information about the legal and political characteristics of towns of this region. The third source is a copy of the regional privilege of the Połock land from 1511 that was issued by Sigismund I in 1623. The following thematically related documents are a decree of the administrator of the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Adam Maciej Sakowicz issued in 1659 and his letter concerning the exemption of townspeople and Jews from the Pińsk town from tax payments. The last document – an excerpt from the municipal records of Vitebsk dated 1674 – illustrates the process of acquisition of real property by townsman Semion Siwiec. Its analysis is an interesting example of the Polish-Belarusian language borderland specific to eastern territories of the Commonwealth.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ИЗ ПЕРВОИСТОЧНИКОВ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ИСТОРИИ ВЕЛИКОГО КНЯЖЕСТВА ЛИТОВСКОГО. Ч. 7. ИЗ ГОРОДСКОЙ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ В XVII В.
Представленные в этом томе материалы из первоисточников, включают в себя ряд документов семнадцатого века, которые указывают тему введения политических и налоговых преобразований в городах Великого Княжества Литовского. Печатное издание первых двух писем с 1615 и 1636 годов, рассказывающих об установле- нии городского самоуправления в Слониме (город на правах повета в Новогрудском воеводстве) представляет ценную информацию на тему государственной и юридической специфики городов этого региона. Третий источник является копией привилегии участкового пристава Полоцкой земли с 1511 г., выданной Сигизмундом III в 1623 г. Следующие два тематически связанных документа – это декрет администратора казначейства Великого Княжества Литовского Адама Мацея Саковича с 1659 года, а также его письмо по вопросу освобождения мещан и евреев города Пинска от уплаты налогов. Последняя выписка из городских документов Витебска, датированная 1674 годом, указывает процесс введения во владение недвижимостью мещанина Семёна Сивцa. Ее анализ представляет собой интересный пример польско-белорусской языковой грани, свойственной восточным территориям Речи Посполитой.
Ключевые слова: Великое княжество Литовское, Пинск, Слоним, Витебск, Полоцк Резюме
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 53 - 86
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.004.14147Everyday Life in the Things of the Late Emilia Majerowa, Neé Friedlein. A Posthumous Inventory Dated 1842
The manuscript collections of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow (manuscript 3906) include an inventory prepared after the death of Emilia Majerowa, neé Friedlein, who died in Cracow in 1842. Her husband was Wojciech, a lawyer, and her brother-in-law was Józef Majer, the president of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. The inventory of movables was drawn up after their owner’s death; their evaluation played an important role in inheritance proceedings. The reliability of such a document is not questionable. Today it provides information about the material culture of the epoch and social class concerned – in this case, a wealthy intellectual house from the times of the Free City of Cracow. The posthumous inventory of Emilia Majerowa’s property is quite large, containing thoroughly described and evaluated home equipment, clothes, jewellery, a large library for the standards of those times, and financial documents. The edition of the inventory was preceded by a preface with facts about the Majer family, as well as information concerning the characteristics of the posthumous inventory as a legal document. The paper ends with a glossary of Old Polish terms that were still used at that time and are a characteristic part of the 19th-century vocabulary.
ПОВСЕДНЕВНОСТЬ В ВЕЩАХ ПОКОЙНОЙ ЭМИЛИИ МАЙЕРОВОЙ, В ДЕВИЧЕСТВЕ ФРИДЛЯЙН. ПОСМЕРТНАЯ ОПИСЬ С 1842 Г.
Ключевые слова: Краков, XIX в., Эмилия Маеровa, посмертный инвентарь, издание
В рукописном собрании Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове (рукопись № 3906) находится опись, составленная после смерти Эмилии Майеровой, в девичестве Фридляйн, умершей в Кракове в 1842 году. Ее мужем был Войцех, юрист, а шурином – Юзеф Майер, председатель Академии знаний. Опись движимого имущества составлялась после смерти его владельца, производилась его оценка, что имело свое значение в процессе распределения наследства. Подлинность такого документа не вызывает сомнения. Он представляет информацию о материальной культуре данной эпохи и общественных слоев; в этом случае речь идет о состоятельном доме интеллигенции со времен Вольного города Кракова. Опись имущества после смерти Эмилии Майеровой довольно обширная, содержит подробно описанную и оцененную домашнюю утварь, одежду, бижутерию, богатую - как на те времена - библиотеку, а также финансы. Перед тем как представить запись этого документа, было написано предисловие с информацией о семье Майеров, а также информация, связанная со спецификой юридического документа, которым была посмертная опись. В конце был размещен небольшой словарь старопольских выражений, используемых в те времена, а также характерных для XIX века.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 87 - 102
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.005.14148Zygmunt Mineyko (1840 –1925) and the Discovery of Ancient Dodona
The text is devoted to Zygmunt Mineyko – a participant of the 1863 January Uprising, who had to look for safety in Western Europe after the collapse of the patriotic insurrection and the resulting repressions. Having acquired relevant professional qualifications in France, Mineyko worked as a specialist in civil engineering in the vast territory of the Ottoman Empire. In the years 1875–1876, working in the north-western part of Greece (Epirus), he managed to identify the location of Dodona – the main ancient sanctuary of Zeus. Due to the shortage of funds, he accepted financial support from a rich Greek Konstantinos Karapanos. In 1878, Karapanos issued a publication in Paris in which he attributed the discovery of the sanctuary and the results of work entirely to himself, mentioning only briefly Mineyko as his assistant engineer. From that moment on, Mineyko started to strive for the acknowledgement of his rights as a discoverer. His actions were not always effective, but the essential argument still laid in his hands. The most important historic items still belonged to him, as they had been discovered already at the time when he carried on the search by himself. A particularly valuable group of these objects (the famous group of the “Dodona bronzes”) was sold to the Museum in Berlin via his eldest daughter and sonin-law Ludwik Karol Potocki only in 1904. The text quotes also archive materials from the collection of the Academy of Arts and Sciences that were drawn up in 1877; Mineyko tried to arouse interest in his discovery also by presenting it directly to Polish experts in ancient history. Within the scope of the activity of the Archaeological Commission, on the basis of materials submitted by Mineyko, Professor Marian Sokołowski prepared a long report, defending Mineyko’s rights to the discovery (the text was published in the subsequent year).
СИГИЗМУНД МИНЕЙКО (1840 –1925)
Ключевые слова: Зигмунт Минейко (1840–1925), Додона, греческие святилища – оракулы, Константин Карапанос (1840–1914)
Текст посвящен личности Сигизмунда Минейко, участника патриотического повстанческого движения в 1863 году, который был вынужден после его падения и пережитых репрессий, искать безопасного укрытия в Западной Европе. После получения во Франции соответствующих квалификаций Минейко работал в качестве инженера, специалиста в области гражданского и морского строительства на обширной территории Османской Империи. В 1875–1876 годы, работая в северо-западной части Греции (Эпир), он сумел определить расположение Додоны, древнего оракула Зевса. Не имея на это соответствующих средств, он принял финансовую помощь со стороны богатого грека, Константина Карапаноса. В 1878 году Карапанос издал в Париже публикацию, в которой заслугу обнаружения святыни и результаты работ приписал исключительно своей персоне, о Минейко упомянул лишь вскользь как об инженере, который был дан ему в помощь. Минейко с этого момента начал предпринимать шаги, чтобы и его права в качестве первооткрывателя были учтены. Его действия не всегда были эффективными, но основной аргумент все время был в его руках. Наиболее ценные памятники старины, которые были обнаруже ны еще в те времена, когда он сам вел поиски, все еще были его собственностью. Необыкновенно ценный комплекс таких объектов (так называемая бронза из Додо- ны) с помощью его самой старшей дочери и зятя Людвика Кароля Потоцкого лишь в 1904 году был продан в Музей в Берлине. В тексте приведены также архивные
материалы из собрания краковской Академии знаний с 1877 года; потому что Минейко как бы «из первых рук» пытался своим открытием заинтересовать польских знатоков древности. В рамках работы Археологической комиссии, опираясь на материалы, отправленные Минейко, обширный отчет подготовил проф. Марьян Соко- ловски, одновременно защищая права Минейко на сделанное открытие (текст был опубликован уже в следующем году).
Adam Korczyński
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 103 - 114
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.006.14149The Photographic Documentation of St Catherine’s Church in Cracow in Karol Lanckoroński’s Collection of Photographs
A collection of photographs gathered by Karol Lanckoroński serves as a kind of photographic archive today. Because of the authorship of photographs kept there, this collection is not only of documentary, but also collector’s and artistic value. Kept in the Phototheque of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, this 19th-century photographic documentation contains, among others, photographs concerning St Catherine’s Church and the Augustinians’ monastery in the Cracow district of Kazimierz, as well as historic items and works of art connected with these sites. Most of the 47 identified thematic prints are signed with the surname Krieger. Made in Ignacy Krieger’s Studio, the photographic documentation of St Catherine’s Church that Karol Lanckoroński decided to put in his collection separates a number of thematic categories that are its characteristic features: the architecture of the church and the monastery, sepulchral architecture and sculpture, panel painting and the main altar serving as an example of 17th-century “monumental woodcarving”. Thus, the photographs described in the paper serve as interesting and valuable archive materials.
АДАМ КОРЧИНЬСКИ (ADAM KORCZYŃSKI) ФОТОДОКУМЕНТАЦИЯ ХРАМА СВЯТОЙ ЕКАТЕРИНЫ В КРАКОВЕ В СОБРАНИИ ФОТОГРАФИЙ КАРОЛЯ ЛЯНЦКОРОНСКОГО
Ключевые слова: фотография, Краков, Kpигep, Ланцкоронский, искусство Резюме
Коллекция фотографий, собранных Каролем Лянцкоронским, в настоящее время является своего рода фотографическим архивом. В связи с авторством собранных в нем фотографий, эта коллекция обладает не только документационной, но и коллекционной и художественной ценностью. В этой фотографической документации девятнадцатого века, в Фототеке Лянцкоронских Польской академии знаний (PAU) в том числе находятся фотографии с изображением костела св. Екатерины, а также монастыря августинцев в краковском районе города, Казимеже, a также памятников старины и произведений искусства, связанных с этими объектами. Большинство среди сорока семи опознанных тематических снимков обозначено фамилией Кригер. Фотодокументация из Студии Игнация Кригера, посвященная костелу св. Екатерины, которую Кароль Лянцкоронский решил поместить в своей коллекции, выделяет несколько так характерных для его собрания тематических категорий: архитектура костела и монастыря, погребальная архитектура и скульптуры, станковая живопись, а также главный алтарь, являющийся примером «монументальной резьбы по дереву» семнадцатого века. Можно с уверенностью утверждать, что представленные в статье фотографии являются интересным и ценным архивным материалом.
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 115 - 129
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.007.14150From the Collection of the Bookseller Marian Krzyżanowski as a Source of Research on the Musical and Theatrical Life of Cracow and Warsaw in the 19th and 20th Century
Programs and posters of theatre performances and concerts, as well as similar prints, serve as a valuable source of research on the tradition of the theatrical and musical life of particular cities. The Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow contains materials of this kind referring to cultural events in Cracow and Warsaw, which were collected by the Cracow bookseller, antiquarian and publisher Marian Krzyżanowski, a son of the Cracow bookseller and publisher Stanisław Andrzej Krzyżanowski. These are posters from classical music concerts, theatrical programs and invitations. The documents were prepared in the years 1884–1955. A large part of them is the documentation of the activity of the concert office run by Stanisław Krzyżanowski beside the bookshop from 1870. These prints are analysed in the paper. The overview of social life documents was preceded by information about Stanisław Andrzej Krzyżanowski and his son Marian and their activity in such fields as the animation of musical culture.
ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННУЮ ЖИЗНЬ, ИЗ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ КНИГОТОРГОВЦА МАРЬЯНА КРЖИЖАНОВСКОГО КАК ИСТОЧНИК ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НАД МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ И ТЕАТРАЛЬНОЙ ЖИЗНЬЮ КРАКОВА И ВАРШАВЫ В XIX И XX ВЕКАХ
Ключевые слова: Мариан Кшижановский (1880–1964); музыкальная жизнь, театр, Краков, Варшавa, XIX в., XX в., история
Ценным источником в исследованиях традиции театральный и музыкальной жизни конкретных городов являются программы и афиши с театральными постановками и концертами, а также другие подобного рода печатные издания. В собраниях Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове находятся материалы подобного рода, относящиеся к культурным меро- приятиям, которые проходили в Кракове и Варшаве, и собранные краковским книготорговцем, антикваром и издателем Марьяном Кржижановским, сыном книготорговца, издателя и инвестора из Кракова, Станислава Анджея Кржижановского. Этоафиши концертов классической музыки, театральные программы и приглашения. Временные границы создания этих документов – это 1884–1955 гг. Большая часть материалов – это документация работы концертного бюро, которое действовало под началом Станислава Кржижановского в его книжном магазине с 1870 года. В статье были проанализированы эти печатные издания. Перед обсуждением документов, посвященных общественной жизни, автор представил информацию о Станиславе Анджее и Марьяне Кржижановских, а также о их деятельности, в том числе в области продвижения музыкальной культуры.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 131 - 143
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.008.14151Carpathian Research by Józef Dziędzielewicz
This paper presents an outline of the history of entomological research by Józef Dziędzielewicz, a long-year collaborator of the Cracow Scientific Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences, that was conducted by him in the Carpathians at the turn of the 20th century. Dziędzielewicz was a self-taught expert in natural sciences. Thanks to research and publication, he became an authority on a European scale in the field of insects from the Neuropterida clade, which are currently categorised into a few separate orders. Most of his research works concerned caddisflies (Trichoptera) and dragonflies (Odonata).
During many years of his research, Dziędzielewicz made an extraordinary contribution to the knowledge of the world of Carpathian insects. He was one of the most outstanding entomologists both in the history of Polish and European science. He was known as an excellent taxonomist and morphologist, and he introduced a number of new species into science. He collaborated with many European entomologists, particularly with Professor František Klapálek from Prague.
He conducted field research on the fauna and distribution of Neuropterida in the Eastern Carpathians in Pokuttya, Podolia, Silesia, the Tatras and in the large part of Outer Subcarpathia. Apart from fauna lists and taxonomic reflections, his works contain many elements from the field of zoogeography and biology of insects. He also promoted the use of Polish generic names, sometimes creating new ones. He described several newly discovered species from the Trichoptera order.
КАРПАТСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЮЗЕФА ДЗЕНДЗЕЛЕВИЧА
Ключевые слова: история, Академия Нayк, Карпаты, энтомология, Дзендзелевич
В этой статье представлена в общих чертах история энтомологических исследова- ний Юзефа Дзендзелевича, многолетнего сотрудника Научного краковского обще- ства, а затем Академии знаний, которые он проводил в Карпатах на рубеже XIX и XX вв. В естественных науках Дзендзелевич был самоучкой. Благодаря иссле- дованиям и публикациям он стал известным европейским авторитетом в области сетчатокрылых насекомых, которые в настоящее время входят в несколько отдельных отрядов. Большинство его исследовательских трудов касалось ручейников (Trichoptera) и стрекоз (Odonata).
На протяжении многих лет своей деятельности Дзендзелевич способствовал в огромной мере познанию мира насекомых в Карпатах. Будучи одним из наиболее выдающихся польских энтомологов, он внес свою лепту как в польскую науку, так и европейскую. Заявил себя как превосходный таксоном и морфолог, кроме того ввел в науку новые виды. Сотрудничал с многими европейскими энтомологами, в особенности в профессором Франтишеком Клапалеком (František Klapálek) из Праги. Он вел исследования в природных условиях фауны и размещения сетчатокрылых насекомых в Восточных Карпатах, на Покутье, Подолье, в Силезии, в Татрах и в большей части Прикарпатья. Его труды, кроме перечня фауны и таксономических рассуждений, также содержат много элементов из области зоогеографии и биологии насекомых. Он также закреплял польские названия видов, иногда создавая новые. Ученый описал более десятка новых для науки видов из отряда Trichoptera.
Anna Grądzka , Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 145 - 159
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.009.14152Japonica in the Archives Left After Bronisław Piłsudski in the Cracow Pau-Pan Academic Library 8. Kimiko Torii’s Letter To Bronisław and Mitsugo Yokoyama’s Letter Written on Board S/S Dakota
The present material constitutes the eighth installment of the presentation of Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow and includes two letters in facsimile, transliteration, and interpretation in Polish. The first of them has been written in Japanese but in Roman characters (rōmaji) with few insertions in French. Its author, Kimiko Torii was the wife of the renowned Japanese ethnographer and anthropologist Ryūzō Torii who traveled extensively and conducted fieldwork in many places studying numerous cultures, the Ainu, especially the Kuril Ainu, included. Bronisław was personally acquainted with the couple – Ryuzo translated (from German) and published Bronisław’s work “The Aborigines of Sakhalin” (English translation in CWBP 1, 222–235), and Bronisław went to the railway station in Tokyo to see Kimiko off on her way to Mongolia to join her husband there – both conducted research in that country but the primary reason for Kimiko was to go on invitation from a local prince to Harqin (today in Inner Mongolia in China) to replace another Japanese lady in teaching in a school for Mongolian, primarily the prince’s, children – Misako
Kawahara. Both ladies left several memoir publications each on their stay and experience accumulated in Mongolia, Kimiko coauthored also some works of academic importance with Ryuzo. Basic data on all the three persons and details concerning some of the publications mentioned have been provided. The letter is personal and, explaining circumstances, constitutes a plea for excuse for failed encounter on a snowy winter evening (beginning of February 1906) at the Toriis’.
The other letter has been written by a person from Hiroshima Prefecture named Mitsugo Yokoyama who happened to board S/S Dakota on the way from Japan to the USA as a stowaway. Freezing while in hiding, he was offered a warm blanket from “a Russian” which helped him to survive. The letter does not mention the donor’s name and was probably written as sort of a statement for the captain but also as a letter of the deepest gratitude toward the “Russian”. Finding the moving letter in Cracow allows a supposition that it had been handed over to Piłsudski by its receiver. Kazuhiko Sawada succeeded in tracing the lot of the then lucky beneficiary who survived the journey and his and his family hard times in America (he had six children, five of them allegedly still alive in 2005).
Some remarks on the language of the letters and on Bronisław’s nature have also been made. It is the first among all so-far published installments in the Japonica series emerging in co-authorship: Ms. Anna Grądzka prepared the tentative versions of the decipherment of the manuscript originals, and their transliterations and translations within the framework of her MA thesis in Japanese studies at Nicoalus Copernicus University in Toruń.
АЛЬФРЕД Ф. МАЕВИЧ (ALFRED F. MAJEWICZ) ЯПОНСКИЙ СЛЕД В АРХИВАХ, ОСТАВШИХСЯ ПОСЛЕ БРОНИСЛАВА ПИЛСУДСКОГО В НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК 8. ПИСЬМО КИМИКО ТОРИИ БРОНИСЛАВУ ПИЛСУДСКОМУ И ПИСЬМО МИЦУГО ЁКОЯМА, НАПИСАННОЕ НА БОРТУ ПАРОХОДА ДАКОТА
Ключевые слова: Пилсудский Б.О. (Бронислав), Тории Рюдзо, Тории Кимико, Кавахара Мисако, архивные материалы Б.О. Пилсудского в фондах архивов Кракова, японская эмиграция в Америку, Япония и Монголия, Дакота пароход
Настоящий материал представляет собой восьмую часть презентации японских документов, хранящихся в архивах Бронислава Пилсудского в Научной библиоте- ке Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове, и включает два факсимильных воспроизведения писем, их транслитерацию и пере- вод на польский язык. Первое из них было написано на японском языке буквами латинского алфавита (rōmaji) с несколькими вставками на французском языке. Кимико Тории была супругой знаменитого японского этнографа и антрополога Рюдзо Тории, много путешествовавшего и изучавшего в полевых условиях различные культуры, включая культуру айнов, в частности, проживающих на Курильских островах. Бронислав был лично знаком с этой парой – Рюдзо перевел (с немецкого) и опубликовал работу Пилсудского под названием «Аборигены Сахалина» (перевод на английский
язык в CWBP 1, 222–235), а Бронислав отправился на железнодорожный вокзал в Токио, чтобы проводить Кимико в Монголию, где она должна была присоединиться к своему супругу – оба они занимались исследованиями в этой стране, однако основной причиной поездки Кимико было приглашение от местного князя в Харачин (сегодня находится в районе Внутренняя Монголия, Китай) в качестве замены для японской учительницы, занимавшейся с местными детьми (в основном, с детьми князя) – Мисако Кавахара. Обе женщины оставили после себя мемуары о своей жизни в Монголии, а Кимико в соавторстве с Рюдзо также опубликовала несколько научных работ. В материале также представлены основные сведения обо всех трех персонах и подробная информация о некоторых из упомянутых публикаций. Письмо является личным, и его автор, объясняя обстоятельства, просит прощения за неудавшуюся встречу снежным зимним вечером (в начале февраля 1906 г.) в доме семьи Тории.
Другое письмо было написано человеком из префектуры Хиросима по имени Мицуго Ёкояма, который проник на борт парохода «Дакота», идущего из Японии в США, без билета. Скрываясь от посторонних глаз, он сильно замерз, а пережить холод ему помог один «русский», предложивший ему теплое одеяло. В письме не упоминается имя благодетеля, и написано оно было, скорее всего, как объяснительная на имя капитана, но в то же время содержит очень много теплых слов в адрес «русского». Тот факт, что это письмо было найдено в Кракове, дает повод предположить, что оно было передано Пилсудскому его получателем. Кадзухико Савадe удалось отследить судьбу того безбилетного пассажира, который пережил не только путешествие, но и трудности, с которыми столкнулась его семья в Америке (у него было шесть детей, и пятеро из них в 2005 году еще были живы).
Также приводится несколько комментариев об используемой в письмах лексике и о характере Бронислава. Это первая из опубликованных на данный момент частей серии Japonica, созданных в соавторстве: черновые версии расшифровок рукописных оригиналов, а также их транслитерации и переводы были подготовлены г-жой Анной Грондзкой в рамках магистерской диссертации по японоведению в Университете Николая Коперника в Торуни.
Paweł Wierzbicki
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 161 - 185
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.010.14153Tygodnik Polski (Harbin 1922–1942) as a Source for the History of Polish Emigration in China
Harbin, a city located in Manchuria in the Far East, became an important centre of Polish emigration in the first half of the 20th century. It was inhabited by a few thousand Polish expatriates, who could attend Polish churches and schools and had Polish social, economic and cultural organisations here. They also published books and periodicals. The longest existing periodical was Tygodnik Polski, a weekly founded by priest Władysław Ostrowski. In spite of financial difficulties and a small number of Poles in Manchuria, Tygodnik survived for 20 years (1922–1942), becoming an important source documenting the life of the Polish community in that area. Among Polish periodicals issued in Asia, it was published for the longest time and was the only Polish periodical in Asia for some time. The aim of the presented paper is to supplement the existing state of research with new information regarding the publication, edition, character and mission of the weekly. Among raised problems, the issues of upbringing and education were highlighted. The research was based on an analysis of annual volumes of Tygodnik Polski.
«TYGODNIK POLSKI» (ХАРБИН 1922–1942) – ИСТОЧНИК ИСТОРИИ ПОЛЬСКОЙ ЭМИГРАЦИИ В КИТАЕ
Ключевые слова: Китай, Харбин, поляки, эмиграция, польская пресса
Харбин – город расположенный в Манчжурии на Дальнем Востоке, стал в первой половине XX века важным центром польской эмиграции. В нем проживало огромное количество выходцев из Польши, насчитывающее несколько тысяч человек, у которых были польские костелы, школы, общественные, ультурные и экономические организации. Польская диаспора также издавала книги и журналы. Дольше всех просуществовало издание «Tygodnik Polski» (Польский еженедельник), основанное священником Владиславом Островским. Несмотря на финансовые трудности и небольшое количество поляков в Манчжурии журнал «Tygodnik Polski» просуществовал на протяжении 20 лет (1922–1942), становясь важным источником, документирующим жизнь польской общественности на этой территории. Этот периодик дольше всех других польских журналов существовал на рынке Азии, а некоторое время был даже единственным изданием такого рода. Целью представленной статьи было дополнение существующих до сих пор исследований на эту тему новой информацией, связанной с изданием, редактированием, характером и миссией журнала. Среди затронутых проблем было обращено внимание на вопросы воспитания и образования. Основой для произведенных исследований был анализ ежегодников журнала «Tygodnik Polski».
Maria Urgacz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 187 - 243
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.011.14154‘It is Not the War that Kills and Demoralises Us’…A Commentary to Postwar Events in Poland and Abroad in a Diary from the War Period of 1914–1921 By Franciszek Duda
This source edition is a continuation of a fragment of A Diary from the War Period of 1914–1918 by Franciszek Duda, which was published in the “Annual Volume of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow”, Vol. 58 (2018). In the previous part, the author brought the edition up to the moment of establishment of the Provisional People’s Government of the Republic of Poland led by Prime Minister Jędrzej Moraczewski. In the further part of his memoirs, Franciszek Duda leads the reader through the most important postwar events, including the victorious defence of Lviv in November 1918, Ignacy Paderewski’s return to Poland and his two visits to Cracow, events accompanying the signature of the Treaty of Versailles, the Polish-Czechoslovak war for the territory of Cieszyn Silesia, the Polish-Ukrainian war and the Upper Silesia plebiscite.
The author of the memoirs was a representative of the Cracow intelligentsia, an employee of the National Archive of Castle and Land Records in Cracow (currently the National Archive in Cracow), and a declared advocate of the national ideas of Roman Dmowski. In his Diary..., Franciszek Duda does not report any new facts from that period that had been unknown to or rarely commented by historians until then. An interesting aspect of his memoirs is his own remarks and thoughts and a reflection of what others thought of current events and how information was circulated in Cracow at that time – who disseminated the news, what rumours spread around the city and how they were commented. Franciszek Duda gives us a very detailed account of moods and opinions that prevailed in Cracow in those days. It is worth mentioning that these comments are also very subjective and, given the fact that the same author expressed relatively moderate opinions in the previous part, loaded with emotions. We can suppose that even the time that passed from the time of writing the original Diary... till its rewriting in 1936 did not soften the author’s feelings regarding these events.
«НЕ ВОЙНА УБИВАЕТ И ДЕМОРАЛИЗУЕТ»… КОММЕНТАРИЙ К ПОСЛЕВОЕННЫМ СОБЫТИЯМ В ПОЛЬШЕ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ В ДНЕВНИКЕ СО ВРЕМЕН ВОЙНЫ 1914–1921 ФРАНТИШЕКА ДУДЫ
Ключевые слова: воспоминания, Францишек Дуда, Краков, Тешинская Силезия, Верхняя Силезия
Данная публикация источника – это продолжение фрагмента Дневника со времен войны 1914–1918, автором которого является Франтишек Дуда, опубликованного в «Ежегоднике Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN) в Кракове» R. 58 (2018). В предыдущей части автор завершила публикацию на моменте создания Временного народного правительства Польской Республики под руководством Енджея Морачевского. В следующих моментах своих воспоминаний Франтишек Дуда ведет читателя по наиболее важным послевоенным событиям, рассказывая и о победной обороне Львова в ноябре 1918 года, и о воз- вращении Игнация Падеревского в Польшу и его двукратном посещении Кракова, о событиях, которые сопутствовали подписанию Версальского договора, и о Польско-чехословацкой войне за территорию Тешинской Силезии, о Польско-украинской войне, а также о Верхнесилезском плебисците.
У читателя перед глазами проходят воспоминания, записанные представителем краковской интеллигенции, сотрудника Национального архива городских и земских актов в Кракове (в настоящее время Национальный архив в Кракове), и к тому же ярого сторонника национальных идей Романа Дмовского. Франтишек Дуда в своем Дневнике... не представляет какой-либо новой информации с этого периода, которая не была бы известна и не комментировалась уже множество раз историками. Но интересными кажутся его собственные замечания и размышления, а также отображение в его записях того, что об актуальных событиях думают другие, как передавалась информация в Кракове в те времена – кто распространял сообщения, какие слухи «ходили» по городу, а также, как их комментировали. Франтишек Дуда очень подробно передает нам господствующие в те времена в Кракове настроения и мнения. Следует отметить, что эти комментарии очень субъективны и, если в предыдущей части автор высказывался достаточно сдержанно, то здесь его рассуждения переполнены эмоциями. Можно предположить, что даже время, которое прошло с момента записи оригинала Дневника... до повторного его написания в 1936 году, не смягчило чувств автора в отношении тех событий.
Iwona Branc
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 245 - 256
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.012.14155Letters by Zofia Stryjeńska (1891–1976) to Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki in the Collection of the Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow
The edition of letters written by Zofia Stryjeńska (1891–1976), an outstanding artist of the interwar period, to Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki includes several letters from the years 1917, 1931 and 1935. Zofia Jachimecka (1886–1973), a translator from Italian and German and her husband Zdzisław (1882–1953), a musicologist, ran an artistic & social salon in their apartment at ul. Grodzka 47 in Cracow.
Kept in the Special Collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS, the short and concise correspondence recalls the times of the cultural elite of the interwar period.
The paper presents the life and artistic achievements of Stryjeńska and Zofia and Zdzisław Jachimecki. Their mutual interest in music and theatre and a similar way of perceiving art are visible in their artistic output.
The paper contains many quotations from persons connected with intellectual Cracow, which testifies to the significant status of Stryjeńska and Jachimecki. The content of letters created an opportunity to recall the names of outstanding persons who have been connected with the culture and science of Cracow.
ПИСЬМА ЗОФИИ СТРЫЕНСКОЙ (1891–1976), НАПИСАННЫЕ ЗОФИИ И ЗДЗИСЛАВУ ЯХИМЕЦКИМ В ФОНДАХ НАУЧНОЙ БИБЛИОТЕКИ ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЗНАНИЙ (PAU) И ПОЛЬСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (PAN) В КРАКОВЕ
Ключевые слова: София Стрыeньская, София Яхимецкaя, Здзислав Яхимецкий, музыковедение XX в., живопись XX в., польский театр XX в., переписка XX в., Краков (Польша) – интеллектуальная жизнь XX в.
Издание писем Зофии Стрыенской (1891–1976), выдающейся артистки межвоенного двадцатилетия, которые она писала Зофии и Здзиславу Яхимецким – это несколько писем с 1917, 1931 и 1935 годов. Зофия Яхимецка (1886–1973), переводчица итальянского и немецкого языков, а также ее муж Здзислав (1882–1953), музыковед, вели в своей квартире по ул. Гродзкой 47 в Кракове светский художественный салон. Короткая, скупая в слова переписка, находящаяся в Специальных фондах Научной библиотеки Польской академии знаний (PAU) и Польской академии наук (PAN),
напоминает о временах культурной элиты межвоенного периода. В статье представлена жизнь и творческие свершения Стрыенской, а также Зофии и Здислава Яхимецких. Общая любовь к музыке и театру, а также похожий способ восприятия искусства, заметны в их художественных достижениях. Многочисленные цитаты людей, связанных с интеллектуальным Краковом, собранные в этой статье, свидетельствуют о значительном ранге Стрыенской и Яхимецких. Содержание писем позволило вспомнить фамилии выдающихся людей, которые до нынешних дней связаны с культурой и наукой Кракова.
Rita Majkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 257 - 275
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.013.14156The Role and Importance of Family Archives in Research. A Few Pages From the Archive of the Kotkowski Family...
On the basis of a few selected groups of materials (correspondence, texts of memoirs, albums with photographs, documents and personal writings) from the family archive, the author shows how much information taken from it can be used for various kinds of historical research. The paper is an encouragement to draw the attention of an ordinary citizen to the necessity of preserving family souvenirs, particularly archive materials. This is particularly important in the period when, due to its speed, technical revolution makes it possible to record information in new forms while causing a limited possibility of preserving documentation, e.g., correspondence. The paper serves as a response to the “Become a Family Archivist” workshop – a campaign that has recently been promoted by the National Management of State Archives. The history of the branch of the Kotkowski family from Dzierzkowice, which is related and affined to many families (Zaborowski, Loegler, Lelek, Lubich, Szaniawski, Iłłakowicz, Gombrowicz, Zopoth, Rössner, Strzałkowski, Herman and other families), shows that, in spite of the occasional incompleteness of preserved archive materials, we can find there many research topics opening areas for further queries, but we can also be enchanted by the beauty of family souvenirs. The author also draws our attention to the possibility of handing archive materials over to public collections (archives, libraries). The paper reminds researchers of the importance of heritages (personal archives) of not only important persons, but also of those waiting to notice them. The latter include also persons presented in the paper from two generations of families living in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The paper described the fates of Józef Kotkowski (1843–1914), a participant of the January Uprising and an engineer in Buchach, Stryi and Lviv; Mieczysław Kotkowski (1881–1946), a judge in Sanok, Dobromil and Przemyśl, or distinguished officers of the First World War: August, Artur and Erwin Rössner.
РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ СЕМЕЙНЫХ АРХИВОВ В НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ. НЕСКОЛЬКО СТРАНИЦ ИЗ СЕМЕЙНОГО АРХИВА КОТКОВСКИХ...
Ключевые слова: семейный архив, архивное наследие, семья Котковских, семья Росснеров, повстанцы, солдаты
На основании нескольких избранных групп материалов из семейного архива (переписки, текстов-воспоминаний, альбомов с фотографиями и личных записей) автор показывает, как много добытой из него информации может послужить для разного рода исторических исследований. Статья является своего рода приглашением, чтобы обратить внимание обычного обывателя на необходимость хранить семейные реликвии, а особенно архивных материалов. Это особенно важно во времена, когда скорость технической революции настолько огромна, что предоставляя все более новые формы записи, приводит к тому, что ограничивается возможность сохранения какой-либо документации, например, переписки. Статья – это ответ на пропагандируемую с недавних пор Главной дирекцией государственных архивов акцию мастер-классов под названием «Стань семейным архивистом». История ветви рода Котковских из Дзежковиц в Сандомерском воеводстве, состоящего в родстве со многими семьями (Заборовских, Леглеров, Лельков, Любихов, Шанявских, Иллаковичей, Гомбровичей, Зопотов, Рёсснеров, Стшалковских, Германов и других), показывает, что несмотря на иногда частично уцелевшие архивные материалы можно в них найти множество тем для исследований, которые открывают поле для дальнейших поисков, а также позволяет восхититься прекрасными семейными реликвиями. Также автор обращает внимание на возможность передачи архивных материалов в общественные фонды – в архивы и библиотеки. Статья напоминает исследователям, как ценным является наследие (личные архивы) не только известных личностей, но и тех, кто ждет, что бы их заметили. Такими личностями являются представленные в этой статье избранные образы людей, из двух поколений семей, живущих во второй половине XIX и первой половине XX веков. Это судьбы Юзефа Котковского (1843–1914) повстанца Январского восстания, инженера в Бучаче, Стрые, Львове; Мечислава Котковского (1881–1946), судьи в Саноке, Добромиле, Пшемысле, а также заслуженных офицеров Первой мировой войны – Августа, Артура и Эрвина Рёсснеров.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 277 - 302
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.014.14157Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 303 - 304
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.015.14158Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIV (2019), 2019, s. 305 - 306
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.19.016.14159Data publikacji: 2018
Redaktor naczelny: Karolina Grodziska
Maria Urgacz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 9 - 21
‘They stood up [to serve] in need’. Military service of future members of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences between 1914 and 1920
This article heralds a book describing the military career of members of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences during the First World War and the subsequent Polish-Bolshevik War. Thus far the author has succeeded in selecting 158 professors who between 1914 and 1920 were definitely called up and who took part in active military service. For many of them numerous biographical entries have been written; however, these mainly consider their academic activity. The book is meant to contain detailed information about each individual professor’s participation in the particular armed conflict, to elaborate on where the operation took place, in which army and detachment they served and under whose command, as well as when and to what military rank they were promoted and what decorations were awarded. Iconographic material is to represent an important part of the upcoming publication
Ewa Danowska, Piotr Świątczak
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 23 - 69
‘My Military Service’. Recollections of the Reverend Jan Twardowski, a soldier of the 13th ‘Guidobald Starhemberg’ Galician Infantry Regiment, called the ‘Cracow Children’
Recollections of all sorts constitute an important supplementary historical source. The authors of this article, historians – Dr hab. Ewa Danowska and Piotr Świątczak – have edited the interesting recollections of the Rev. Dr Jan Twardowski from the period of his service in the Austro-Hungarian army from 1894 to 1895. They form part of his voluminous legacy deposited in the Special Collections Department of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Cracow. They are very illuminating.
Having completed his education at the Austro-Hungarian Higher Gimnazjum (Secondary School) in Bochnia, Jan Twardowski served in the army for one year as a volunteer in the 13th ‘Guidobald Starhemberg’ Galician Infantry Regiment stationed in Cracow. He was quartered in the Archduke Rudolf barracks.
The hero of the present paper has left behind a comprehensive characterization of this period of his life. He describes in detail the course of his service in the partitioner’s armed forces and his adventures at that time; he also shares with posterity his private experiences and reflections and depicts the relations between the officer cadre and the rank-and-file soldiers.
These recollections form part of Jan Twardowski’s memoir written down late in life. He writes, among other things, about his childhood (he was born in 1873), his schooldays, his studies at the Jagiellonian University, and his work as a catechist and teacher in a secondary school; we can also learn about a suspension imposed on him, his struggle for the right to his pension, and the later fate of Jan Twardowski as a mature man. The paper additionally discusses the general question of military service for Poles from Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian army.
Maria Urgacz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 71 - 118
‘We are living in truly historic days’. The renascent independent Polish state as portrayed in Franciszek Duda’s ‘Diary from the time of the 1914–1921 war’
Franciszek Duda, a representative of the Cracow intelligentsia, an employee of the National Archives of Municipal and Land Records (today the National Archives in Krakow) and from 1924 its director, has left behind a five-volume Diary from the Time of the 1914–1921 War. He undertook to put down his recollections with future scholars in mind. The present edition comprises a part of volume 4, concerning the period between 8 October and 19 November 1918, in which he gives a picture of Cracow and its inhabitants on the threshold of the revival of independent Poland; this picture is enriched with his own, very interesting comments and reflections on the events of the day.
Jan Kazimierz Tetmajer w świetle spuścizny rękopiśmiennej w Bibliotece Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 119 - 128
Jan Kazimierz Tetmajer in the light of his manuscript legacy in the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Cracow
In 1969 a large assembly of the family papers of Włodzimierz Tetmajer (1861–1923), an eminent Polish painter, but also a poet and politician, was purchased for the collections of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. Among his personal and family papers, articles, autographs, and drafts of poems, as well as sketches, notebooks, and drawings there were also materials concerning his eldest son, Jan Kazimierz Tetmajer, who in 1919 volunteered for the Polish Army then in formation and who was killed in July 1920 fighting against the Bolsheviks at the Battle of Stanisławczyk.
After his grave was found, his body was brought to Cracow and buried in the Bronowicki Cemetery. The monument standing over the grave bears a plaque with a portrait of the young uhlan; it is also engraved with patriotic poems and additionally decorated with an uhlan’s shako.
Preliminary research into the artist’s manuscripts allowed the author to single out and present Włodzimierz Tetmajer’s notes and personal reflections as well as the artist’s poems, ones full of love and pride in his son. His legacy also includes four different sketches of the sepulchral monument.
Feliks Kiryk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 129 - 152
Beszowa and Mielec. Contributions to their earliest history
The historical issues discussed in the present publication concern the discovery of and an attempt to interpret the sources relating to the earliest history of the parish and church at Beszowa (situated between Nowe Miasto Korczyn and Połaniec) and their medieval and later relations with the estate of the Gryfita family of Mielec on the right bank of the Vistula and subsequently with the family’s town, Mielec.
The problems pertain to 14th- and 15th-century source documents, published but for the most part never referred to for information, as well as to the hitherto unknown book of privileges – covering the period from the 15th to the 17th century – which were granted to the Beszowa parish and to the later Mielec parish. The latter document provides a great deal of information about settlement (especially in the part of the Wiślica region situated on the right bank of the Vistula), the foundation of the Pauline monastery at Beszowa, and the short-lived parish at Orzelec, but mainly about the development of the Mielec estate and its division in the late 16th century. The final part of the book presents the issues of the Vistula river trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, hitherto unknown from other sources (or equally for other Polish territories), which was plied by two-thirds of the Mielec middle class. This observation may apply to the majority of the towns situated along the Vistula as a testimony to their wealth and development until the Swedish ‘Deluge’ and the accompanying invasion by György Rákóczy, Duke of Transylvania, which was to bring about economic and demographic disaster for the Polish Kingdom.
Jerzy Wyrozumski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 153 - 158
Kazimierz Dobrowolski’s study of settlement in old Poland
The research carried out by Kazimierz Dobrowolski (1894-1987), a historian, ethnographer, and sociologist, focused on religious life as well as on the spiritual culture, mentality and the manuscript book in medieval and Renaissance Poland. However, his scholarly achievements include also numerous works of value concerning settlement in our country. They are more worthy of note as before him the history of research on settlement in Poland had not been very advanced. The scholars who had taken up this issue were Tadeusz Wojciechowski, Karol Potkański, and Franciszek Bujak. The last-mentioned researcher inspired Dobrowolski, his pupil, whose works embrace a number of studies concerning the earliest forms of the Polish village, Carpathian place-names, migration, as well as the earliest settlement in the Podhale region. It is worth recalling this aspect of Dobrowolski’s activity in view of the recent 30th anniversary of the eminent scholar’s death.
Maciej Ziemierski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 159 - 173
A nobleman–burgher. The fortunes of the Lublin swordsmith Józef Siestrzeński in the light of his will of 17 June 1652
This article presents the person of the Lublin burgher Józef Siestrzeński (d. 1652). In all likelihood descended from the impoverished Mazovian gentry, Siestrzeński resolved to seek his livelihood in the town, hence his decision to settle in Lublin. Here he achieved success; admittedly, he never became a member of the local municipal élite, but he attained a strong position both in his trade (in the swordsmiths’ guild) and financially, in the latter aspect by acquiring a house in a prestigious quarter of the city. Additionally, his testament sheds some light on everyday life during the great plague in 1652.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 175 - 181
Ezechiel Cercha the miniaturist. From the ‘Forgotten inhabitants of Cracow’ cycle
Ezechiel Cercha, a miniaturist, was descended from an assimilated Italian family, one recorded in Cracow from the early 18th century. The exact date of his birth is not known, but it falls between 1781 and 1783. In 1803 he attended the St Anne Gimnazjum (Secondary School). He was probably trained in miniature painting by Dominik Oesterreicher (Estreicher). From 1808 he journeyed to Warsaw, where he settled permanently in 1817 and where he died on 8 January 1828. His miniatures are rarities. Two of them, untraced till now, were on display at the exhibition of miniature paintings in Lwów (Lviv) and Cracow (‘P. Bronikowska’ and an ‘Amorino’). The surviving works are now in a private collection (the ‘Madonna’), at the Castle Museum in Pszczyna (‘Stanisław Wodzicki’), and at the National Museum in Cracow (‘Józef Zakulski’); two were put up for sale at an online auction (‘An Unknown Young Man’, ‘An Unknown Woman’). All of them date back to the early period of Cercha’s activity (1809–1815); painted in watercolours or gouache on ivory, they reveal the artist’s proficiency in painting techniques and follow English miniatures in style.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 183 - 196
Józef Julian Sękowski (1800–1858) – doctor of philosophy of the Jagiellonian University and foreign member of the Cracow Learned Society
This is a short outline of the activity of an eminent orientalist, talented writer and journalist, and professor at St Petersburg University (1822–1847), with particular consideration of his stay in Cracow in the autumn of 1826. It was then that Sękowski donated to the collections of the Jagiellonian University an Egyptian papyrus scroll 3.5 m long, acquired during his journey to Egypt and Nubia in 1821. The scroll is accompanied by a four-page treatise entitled Observationes de papyro Aegyptiaca a Iosepho Senkowski reperta atque Universitati Cracoviensi dono data, written by Gustav Seyffarth (1796–1885), including basic information about the ancient owner of the papyrus and the dating of the object. Appended to the treatise is a reproduction of the entire text of the Observationes (leaves 1–2). On 16 August 1826, in recognition of Sękowski’s merits both as a researcher and donor, by the decision of its Department of Literature the University conferred on him a doctor’s degree in philosophy. On 15 November of the same year Sękowski was also appointed as a foreign member of the Cracow Learned Society. Soon, in 1827, thanks to the endeavours of the Cracow University a lithographic reproduction of the precious scroll appeared in 25 + 8 [sic] copies. It had been prepared on the basis of an accurate drawing executed by the Cracow painter Jan Nepomucen Lewicki (1802–1871). The hieratic tomb scroll, in the literature known as the Sękowski Papyrus, has been held in the Jagiellonian Library to this day. Thanks to the findings of Tadeusz Andrzejewski and Albertyna Szczudłowska, it is now known that the scroll was designed for a priest by the name of Nesmin, the son of Ankh-hap and Ta-dis-Amun-opet; it is dated to the first century AD and probably comes from a Theban necropolis
Janusz Pezda
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 197 - 215
‘O God, have mercy on us, one is overcome with despair to see the sufferings of the Poles’. On the aid rendered by the émigré community to the émigrés
The émigrés who arrived in France could count on a friendly and compassionate reception from the French, but government aid was not to reach all of them. They had to be mainly self-reliant. The military pay was not sufficient for a decent living, and the money they had brought with them was soon spent. The majority of them had been dispossessed of their patrimonies, deprived of their lands and revenues. The life they had led hitherto was now gone, they had to begin everything from a scratch. The émigrés, determined from the start to survive, sought aid in mutual help as well as assistance from those who – in their opinion – were better off or who, as some thought, because of their social standing had an obligation to help the needy. Charitable assistance was formally organized in the first few years of the emigration, mainly in two societies: The Polish Emigration Funds Commission and The Polish Ladies Charitable Society. On 25 March 1834 The National Committee of Polish Emigration brought into being The Polish Emigration Funds Commission. The aim of the Commission was to organize the collection of funds for fellow-countrymen most in need. It survived until 1866, but was only officially disbanded after the Franco-Prussian War. The Polish Ladies Charitable Society was established at the meeting of 12 March 1834 for the purpose of helping the poor and those in need, regardless of the beneficiaries’ social background. For many years thousands of emigrants benefited from this aid. The Society was still active in the 1930s. Despite various difficulties both institutions accomplished their mission conscientiously, this being however very often forgotten. It is therefore worthwhile to rediscover anew the commendable pages from the history of the Polish mutual aid.
Maria Krajewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 217 - 253
Józef Rydel and his correspondence with Erazm Majewski
Józef Rydel was born on 8 February 1873 in Jarosław. Here he completed his education in an elementary school and a state gimnazjum (secondary school). In 1893 he enrolled at the Jagiellonian University to study law and administration, where he received credits for five semesters, but failed his exam in law. In 1896 he started working in the Bureau of the Academy of Arts and Sciences (AU), being paid by the day (as a diurnista), while in the following year he served in the army, signing up for one year. In 1898 he began to study at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University. He intended to be a teacher specializing in mathematics and physics as well as the natural sciences. He obtained a certificate of completion on 24 June 1904; however, he gave up efforts to be certified as a teacher. By that time he already had a permanent job in the Bureau of AU as an assistant adjunct. Four years later he was appointed adjunct and in 1918 director. He worked in the AU Bureau for 35 years until his retirement in 1931. He died in Cracow on 12 October 1939. The collections of the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw include Józef Rydel’s correspondence with Erazm Majewski from 1900 to 1911. It provides a wealth of information about both men, who probably first met in March 1900 in Cracow. From the start they had very good relations, ones which went slightly beyond official courtesy, as the facts described in their letters witness. Majewski wrote about Rydel that he was a very amiable and friendly man and Rydel called himself ‘a true friend of Erazm Majewski’.
Katarzyna Rogozińska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 255 - 265
Educational issues in the periodical ‘Krakus’ (1891–1895)
In the first half of the 19th century Galicia was the first partition zone in which educational societies were established with the aim of disseminating learning and culture. The second half of the century, in turn, saw the rise on a larger scale of magazines which for less educated people were often the basic source of information. They were predominantly conservative in character and most of them dealt with religious subjects. Articles discussed the issues of interest to the people living in the Galician countryside. These were in large measure social, political and also cultural subjects. One of such periodicals was the ‘Krakus’ weekly, which appeared in Cracow from 1891 to 1895. It popularized the works of contemporary young poets of peasant descent. Furthermore, the periodical published articles dealing with political and social matters as well as science; it also included puzzles and articles devoted to the dissemination of practical information which the readers could use in their work on the land and in their everyday lives. Analysis of the ‘Krakus’ contents allows one to note that the magazine included educational elements as well, that for peasants it was a treasure trove of information and an excellent source of knowledge of history and religion. We may state that ‘Krakus’ provided a very wide-ranging education and edification for the Galician peasants
Janina Skorupska-Szarlej
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 267 - 289
The Niedzielski family of Śledziejowice – A collection of art and artefacts
In Śledziejowice, near Wieliczka, the Niedzielski family gathered over the years a valuable collection of old coins, paintings, graphics, artefacts, fabrics, and national memorabilia. The collection was kept in the manor house, where the family had lived since 1830. Many of these items came to be in Śledziejowice by way of collecting activity, others came as dowries, some were purchased and others were donated by various benefactors. Their stories are interesting, although we do not know about all of them.
The Niedzielskis were wealthy, intelligent and very sociable, which meant that many prominent artists, such as Artur Grottger and Andrzej Grabowski were often guests in Śledziejowice. Their paintings, bearing occasional dedications, decorated the walls of the hospitable manor. There were family portraits on the walls and, next to them, old patriotic and historical scenes, as well as landscapes. In addition to the paintings, there were antique pieces of furniture, magnificent fabrics and valuable decorative items. As often happens in noble houses, weapons, original hussar armour from the 2nd half of the 17th century and (kontusz) sashes were hanging on the walls as a symbolic reminder of the family’s noble origins. There were also souvenirs from trips around Europe, such as items from archaeological excavations and priceless manuscripts acquired in France. Unfortunately, the economic changes from the turn of the century, the destruction caused by the First World War and the subsequent economic crisis, caused the economic and financial situation of the Niedzielski family to deteriorate considerably. From the end of the 19th century onwards, they were forced to sell the most valuable of the collected treasures. In the interwar period, pieces from the collection were transferred or sold to various museums and institutions, where they are still kept today. It is thanks to this that we still know about them. Translated by Kinga N. Kuchta
Irena Gruchała
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 291 - 318
The books of Jan de Witte and his son Józef in Helena Dąbczańska’s library
Fragments from the library of Jan de Witte (1709–1785), a bibliophile, architect, and commander of the Kamieniec Podolski stronghold, from the book collection owned by his son Józef (1739–1815), and from that of Józef’s wife, Zofia (1760–1822) form part of the library of Helena Dąbczańska (1863–1956), a Lwów (Lviv) collector. They are now held in Cracow, in the Main Library of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts and in the Jagiellonian Library. In the course of examination of Dąbczańska’s library the books of the De Witte family, among other items, were selected on the basis of their provenance. Seventy-nine books belonged to Jan de Witte, forty-one to Józef, and three to Zofia. Other parts of the libraries owned by these three persons were found after the Second World War by Zbigniew Rewski in the library of Łańcut Castle. The present article is a supplement to those earlier examinations. Jan de Witte’s books are of the greatest significance because of his social standing and his passion for books. In their formal aspect they differ from those in the Łańcut library, though the subject matter is general in both assemblies. The article shows which items may have been used by De Witte as a military man and architect and which reveal his interests. The books owned by Józef de Witte exemplify a small collection assembled by a military man; their subject matter is also general. Predominant among them are French publications which appeared in Józef ‘s lifetime. The number of items owned by Zofia de Witte is too small for an attempt at their broader characterization. Nevertheless, what Zbigniew Rewski once oted has since been confirmed: Zofia de Witte, later Potocka, showed a lively interest in literature. The fragments of the book collections discussed here were found to include numerous first editions, in some cases their owners having actually met the authors of those works, this testifying to their active participation in European culture.
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 319 - 332
The original manuscripts of Jan Lechoń’s two patriotic poems
Among the particularly valuable original manuscripts which are accessible in the collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN are those of two poems by Jan Lechoń (Leszek Serafinowicz) (1899–1956): A Song about Stefan Starzyński and Farewell to ‘Marsellaise’, written in exile during the Second World War; they belong to the legacy of Ryszard Ordyński (1878–1953), a world-famous Polish theatre, opera, and film director. They form a part of the varia among Ordyński’s papers. The poems have never been cited by the authors of studies of Lechoń’s oeuvre, hence the presentation of their scholarly edition in the current volume of the ‘Yearbook of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Cracow’.
Wojciech Lipowski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 333 - 346
Szczęsny Mysłowicz – a documentary film-maker of interwar Cracow
The article presents the work of the engineer Szczęsny Mysłowicz (1890–1946), a little-known and forgotten film-maker active in interwar Cracow, the owner of the ‘Lumen’ Film Institute, who documented the city’s cultural, social, and political life. Mysłowicz’s films are shown against the background of the burgeoning Polish cinematography in that period, with particular consideration of the Cracow themes in the then still few documentaries. The author also used the film literature which has recorded the no longer existing productions of Mysłowicz and of other film companies functioning in Cracow at that time. Presented here are the documentaries relating to Cracow, earlier unknown but recently found in the archives, and also profiles of their makers. Furthermore, the style, character, and significance of the surviving films are discussed.
Jan Fejkiel
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 347 - 355
Krzysztof Skórczewski. A self-portrait. The artist’s 70th birthday
Krzysztof Skórczewski is one of the foremost Polish graphic artists. He has become famous mainly for his numerous copper engravings, although he received his first awards and distinctions for his linocuts. The turning point in the artist’s career came in 1976, when he not only abandoned his earlier technique and style but also radically changed his working methods, creating a new graphic narration and gaining a deeper insight into his own personality. Large-format, almost abstract linocuts had been replaced with miniature copper engraving, a medium in which, intent on his work, he realized his great narrations (The Tower of Babel, The Ark, The Flood). However, the choice of the Great Theme does not serve the needs for a contemporary morality play. It is, above all, the artist’s confrontation with his own ego. Skórczewski ‘peregrinates in the meanders of his personal architecture as in a labyrinth of the subconscious […] in the copper plate and the integrated circuits of drawing he sees his countenance […]. This dialogue between the artist and the medium assigned to him, [the dialogue of] the reciprocal, one would like to say, fascination, has developed for several decades. Imperceptibly to those less initiated, step by step he has been drawing a self-portrait.’ The artist is well known not only among connoisseurs and professionals. With his creations, representing the highest artistic quality, he has won for his graphic works a broad audience and has attracted the interest of new media. Moreover, his art intrigues younger generations who find in it something which the artist probably never expected – the poetry of ‘fantasy’.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 357 - 380
Krzysztof Skórczewski. A self-portrait. The artist’s 70th birthday
Krzysztof Skórczewski is one of the foremost Polish graphic artists. He has become famous mainly for his numerous copper engravings, although he received his first awards and distinctions for his linocuts. The turning point in the artist’s career came in 1976, when he not only abandoned his earlier technique and style but also radically changed his working methods, creating a new graphic narration and gaining a deeper insight into his own personality. Large-format, almost abstract linocuts had been replaced with miniature copper engraving, a medium in which, intent on his work, he realized his great narrations (The Tower of Babel, The Ark, The Flood). However, the choice of the Great Theme does not serve the needs for a contemporary morality play. It is, above all, the artist’s confrontation with his own ego. Skórczewski ‘peregrinates in the meanders of his personal architecture as in a labyrinth of the subconscious […] in the copper plate and the integrated circuits of drawing he sees his countenance […]. This dialogue between the artist and the medium assigned to him, [the dialogue of] the reciprocal, one would like to say, fascination, has developed for several decades. Imperceptibly to those less initiated, step by step he has been drawing a self-portrait.’ The artist is well known not only among connoisseurs and professionals. With his creations, representing the highest artistic quality, he has won for his graphic works a broad audience and has attracted the interest of new media. Moreover, his art intrigues younger generations who find in it something which the artist probably never expected – the poetry of ‘fantasy’.
Anna Olszewska, Joanna Gancarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 381 - 387
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 389 - 392
Maria Urgacz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 9 - 21
‘They stood up [to serve] in need’. Military service of future members of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences between 1914 and 1920
This article heralds a book describing the military career of members of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences during the First World War and the subsequent Polish-Bolshevik War. Thus far the author has succeeded in selecting 158 professors who between 1914 and 1920 were definitely called up and who took part in active military service. For many of them numerous biographical entries have been written; however, these mainly consider their academic activity. The book is meant to contain detailed information about each individual professor’s participation in the particular armed conflict, to elaborate on where the operation took place, in which army and detachment they served and under whose command, as well as when and to what military rank they were promoted and what decorations were awarded. Iconographic material is to represent an important part of the upcoming publication
Ewa Danowska, Piotr Świątczak
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 23 - 69
‘My Military Service’. Recollections of the Reverend Jan Twardowski, a soldier of the 13th ‘Guidobald Starhemberg’ Galician Infantry Regiment, called the ‘Cracow Children’
Recollections of all sorts constitute an important supplementary historical source. The authors of this article, historians – Dr hab. Ewa Danowska and Piotr Świątczak – have edited the interesting recollections of the Rev. Dr Jan Twardowski from the period of his service in the Austro-Hungarian army from 1894 to 1895. They form part of his voluminous legacy deposited in the Special Collections Department of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Cracow. They are very illuminating.
Having completed his education at the Austro-Hungarian Higher Gimnazjum (Secondary School) in Bochnia, Jan Twardowski served in the army for one year as a volunteer in the 13th ‘Guidobald Starhemberg’ Galician Infantry Regiment stationed in Cracow. He was quartered in the Archduke Rudolf barracks.
The hero of the present paper has left behind a comprehensive characterization of this period of his life. He describes in detail the course of his service in the partitioner’s armed forces and his adventures at that time; he also shares with posterity his private experiences and reflections and depicts the relations between the officer cadre and the rank-and-file soldiers.
These recollections form part of Jan Twardowski’s memoir written down late in life. He writes, among other things, about his childhood (he was born in 1873), his schooldays, his studies at the Jagiellonian University, and his work as a catechist and teacher in a secondary school; we can also learn about a suspension imposed on him, his struggle for the right to his pension, and the later fate of Jan Twardowski as a mature man. The paper additionally discusses the general question of military service for Poles from Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian army.
Maria Urgacz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 71 - 118
‘We are living in truly historic days’. The renascent independent Polish state as portrayed in Franciszek Duda’s ‘Diary from the time of the 1914–1921 war’
Franciszek Duda, a representative of the Cracow intelligentsia, an employee of the National Archives of Municipal and Land Records (today the National Archives in Krakow) and from 1924 its director, has left behind a five-volume Diary from the Time of the 1914–1921 War. He undertook to put down his recollections with future scholars in mind. The present edition comprises a part of volume 4, concerning the period between 8 October and 19 November 1918, in which he gives a picture of Cracow and its inhabitants on the threshold of the revival of independent Poland; this picture is enriched with his own, very interesting comments and reflections on the events of the day.
Jan Kazimierz Tetmajer w świetle spuścizny rękopiśmiennej w Bibliotece Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 119 - 128
Jan Kazimierz Tetmajer in the light of his manuscript legacy in the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Cracow
In 1969 a large assembly of the family papers of Włodzimierz Tetmajer (1861–1923), an eminent Polish painter, but also a poet and politician, was purchased for the collections of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. Among his personal and family papers, articles, autographs, and drafts of poems, as well as sketches, notebooks, and drawings there were also materials concerning his eldest son, Jan Kazimierz Tetmajer, who in 1919 volunteered for the Polish Army then in formation and who was killed in July 1920 fighting against the Bolsheviks at the Battle of Stanisławczyk.
After his grave was found, his body was brought to Cracow and buried in the Bronowicki Cemetery. The monument standing over the grave bears a plaque with a portrait of the young uhlan; it is also engraved with patriotic poems and additionally decorated with an uhlan’s shako.
Preliminary research into the artist’s manuscripts allowed the author to single out and present Włodzimierz Tetmajer’s notes and personal reflections as well as the artist’s poems, ones full of love and pride in his son. His legacy also includes four different sketches of the sepulchral monument.
Feliks Kiryk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 129 - 152
Beszowa and Mielec. Contributions to their earliest history
The historical issues discussed in the present publication concern the discovery of and an attempt to interpret the sources relating to the earliest history of the parish and church at Beszowa (situated between Nowe Miasto Korczyn and Połaniec) and their medieval and later relations with the estate of the Gryfita family of Mielec on the right bank of the Vistula and subsequently with the family’s town, Mielec.
The problems pertain to 14th- and 15th-century source documents, published but for the most part never referred to for information, as well as to the hitherto unknown book of privileges – covering the period from the 15th to the 17th century – which were granted to the Beszowa parish and to the later Mielec parish. The latter document provides a great deal of information about settlement (especially in the part of the Wiślica region situated on the right bank of the Vistula), the foundation of the Pauline monastery at Beszowa, and the short-lived parish at Orzelec, but mainly about the development of the Mielec estate and its division in the late 16th century. The final part of the book presents the issues of the Vistula river trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, hitherto unknown from other sources (or equally for other Polish territories), which was plied by two-thirds of the Mielec middle class. This observation may apply to the majority of the towns situated along the Vistula as a testimony to their wealth and development until the Swedish ‘Deluge’ and the accompanying invasion by György Rákóczy, Duke of Transylvania, which was to bring about economic and demographic disaster for the Polish Kingdom.
Jerzy Wyrozumski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 153 - 158
Kazimierz Dobrowolski’s study of settlement in old Poland
The research carried out by Kazimierz Dobrowolski (1894-1987), a historian, ethnographer, and sociologist, focused on religious life as well as on the spiritual culture, mentality and the manuscript book in medieval and Renaissance Poland. However, his scholarly achievements include also numerous works of value concerning settlement in our country. They are more worthy of note as before him the history of research on settlement in Poland had not been very advanced. The scholars who had taken up this issue were Tadeusz Wojciechowski, Karol Potkański, and Franciszek Bujak. The last-mentioned researcher inspired Dobrowolski, his pupil, whose works embrace a number of studies concerning the earliest forms of the Polish village, Carpathian place-names, migration, as well as the earliest settlement in the Podhale region. It is worth recalling this aspect of Dobrowolski’s activity in view of the recent 30th anniversary of the eminent scholar’s death.
Maciej Ziemierski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 159 - 173
A nobleman–burgher. The fortunes of the Lublin swordsmith Józef Siestrzeński in the light of his will of 17 June 1652
This article presents the person of the Lublin burgher Józef Siestrzeński (d. 1652). In all likelihood descended from the impoverished Mazovian gentry, Siestrzeński resolved to seek his livelihood in the town, hence his decision to settle in Lublin. Here he achieved success; admittedly, he never became a member of the local municipal élite, but he attained a strong position both in his trade (in the swordsmiths’ guild) and financially, in the latter aspect by acquiring a house in a prestigious quarter of the city. Additionally, his testament sheds some light on everyday life during the great plague in 1652.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 175 - 181
Ezechiel Cercha the miniaturist. From the ‘Forgotten inhabitants of Cracow’ cycle
Ezechiel Cercha, a miniaturist, was descended from an assimilated Italian family, one recorded in Cracow from the early 18th century. The exact date of his birth is not known, but it falls between 1781 and 1783. In 1803 he attended the St Anne Gimnazjum (Secondary School). He was probably trained in miniature painting by Dominik Oesterreicher (Estreicher). From 1808 he journeyed to Warsaw, where he settled permanently in 1817 and where he died on 8 January 1828. His miniatures are rarities. Two of them, untraced till now, were on display at the exhibition of miniature paintings in Lwów (Lviv) and Cracow (‘P. Bronikowska’ and an ‘Amorino’). The surviving works are now in a private collection (the ‘Madonna’), at the Castle Museum in Pszczyna (‘Stanisław Wodzicki’), and at the National Museum in Cracow (‘Józef Zakulski’); two were put up for sale at an online auction (‘An Unknown Young Man’, ‘An Unknown Woman’). All of them date back to the early period of Cercha’s activity (1809–1815); painted in watercolours or gouache on ivory, they reveal the artist’s proficiency in painting techniques and follow English miniatures in style.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 183 - 196
Józef Julian Sękowski (1800–1858) – doctor of philosophy of the Jagiellonian University and foreign member of the Cracow Learned Society
This is a short outline of the activity of an eminent orientalist, talented writer and journalist, and professor at St Petersburg University (1822–1847), with particular consideration of his stay in Cracow in the autumn of 1826. It was then that Sękowski donated to the collections of the Jagiellonian University an Egyptian papyrus scroll 3.5 m long, acquired during his journey to Egypt and Nubia in 1821. The scroll is accompanied by a four-page treatise entitled Observationes de papyro Aegyptiaca a Iosepho Senkowski reperta atque Universitati Cracoviensi dono data, written by Gustav Seyffarth (1796–1885), including basic information about the ancient owner of the papyrus and the dating of the object. Appended to the treatise is a reproduction of the entire text of the Observationes (leaves 1–2). On 16 August 1826, in recognition of Sękowski’s merits both as a researcher and donor, by the decision of its Department of Literature the University conferred on him a doctor’s degree in philosophy. On 15 November of the same year Sękowski was also appointed as a foreign member of the Cracow Learned Society. Soon, in 1827, thanks to the endeavours of the Cracow University a lithographic reproduction of the precious scroll appeared in 25 + 8 [sic] copies. It had been prepared on the basis of an accurate drawing executed by the Cracow painter Jan Nepomucen Lewicki (1802–1871). The hieratic tomb scroll, in the literature known as the Sękowski Papyrus, has been held in the Jagiellonian Library to this day. Thanks to the findings of Tadeusz Andrzejewski and Albertyna Szczudłowska, it is now known that the scroll was designed for a priest by the name of Nesmin, the son of Ankh-hap and Ta-dis-Amun-opet; it is dated to the first century AD and probably comes from a Theban necropolis
Janusz Pezda
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 197 - 215
‘O God, have mercy on us, one is overcome with despair to see the sufferings of the Poles’. On the aid rendered by the émigré community to the émigrés
The émigrés who arrived in France could count on a friendly and compassionate reception from the French, but government aid was not to reach all of them. They had to be mainly self-reliant. The military pay was not sufficient for a decent living, and the money they had brought with them was soon spent. The majority of them had been dispossessed of their patrimonies, deprived of their lands and revenues. The life they had led hitherto was now gone, they had to begin everything from a scratch. The émigrés, determined from the start to survive, sought aid in mutual help as well as assistance from those who – in their opinion – were better off or who, as some thought, because of their social standing had an obligation to help the needy. Charitable assistance was formally organized in the first few years of the emigration, mainly in two societies: The Polish Emigration Funds Commission and The Polish Ladies Charitable Society. On 25 March 1834 The National Committee of Polish Emigration brought into being The Polish Emigration Funds Commission. The aim of the Commission was to organize the collection of funds for fellow-countrymen most in need. It survived until 1866, but was only officially disbanded after the Franco-Prussian War. The Polish Ladies Charitable Society was established at the meeting of 12 March 1834 for the purpose of helping the poor and those in need, regardless of the beneficiaries’ social background. For many years thousands of emigrants benefited from this aid. The Society was still active in the 1930s. Despite various difficulties both institutions accomplished their mission conscientiously, this being however very often forgotten. It is therefore worthwhile to rediscover anew the commendable pages from the history of the Polish mutual aid.
Maria Krajewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 217 - 253
Józef Rydel and his correspondence with Erazm Majewski
Józef Rydel was born on 8 February 1873 in Jarosław. Here he completed his education in an elementary school and a state gimnazjum (secondary school). In 1893 he enrolled at the Jagiellonian University to study law and administration, where he received credits for five semesters, but failed his exam in law. In 1896 he started working in the Bureau of the Academy of Arts and Sciences (AU), being paid by the day (as a diurnista), while in the following year he served in the army, signing up for one year. In 1898 he began to study at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University. He intended to be a teacher specializing in mathematics and physics as well as the natural sciences. He obtained a certificate of completion on 24 June 1904; however, he gave up efforts to be certified as a teacher. By that time he already had a permanent job in the Bureau of AU as an assistant adjunct. Four years later he was appointed adjunct and in 1918 director. He worked in the AU Bureau for 35 years until his retirement in 1931. He died in Cracow on 12 October 1939. The collections of the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw include Józef Rydel’s correspondence with Erazm Majewski from 1900 to 1911. It provides a wealth of information about both men, who probably first met in March 1900 in Cracow. From the start they had very good relations, ones which went slightly beyond official courtesy, as the facts described in their letters witness. Majewski wrote about Rydel that he was a very amiable and friendly man and Rydel called himself ‘a true friend of Erazm Majewski’.
Katarzyna Rogozińska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 255 - 265
Educational issues in the periodical ‘Krakus’ (1891–1895)
In the first half of the 19th century Galicia was the first partition zone in which educational societies were established with the aim of disseminating learning and culture. The second half of the century, in turn, saw the rise on a larger scale of magazines which for less educated people were often the basic source of information. They were predominantly conservative in character and most of them dealt with religious subjects. Articles discussed the issues of interest to the people living in the Galician countryside. These were in large measure social, political and also cultural subjects. One of such periodicals was the ‘Krakus’ weekly, which appeared in Cracow from 1891 to 1895. It popularized the works of contemporary young poets of peasant descent. Furthermore, the periodical published articles dealing with political and social matters as well as science; it also included puzzles and articles devoted to the dissemination of practical information which the readers could use in their work on the land and in their everyday lives. Analysis of the ‘Krakus’ contents allows one to note that the magazine included educational elements as well, that for peasants it was a treasure trove of information and an excellent source of knowledge of history and religion. We may state that ‘Krakus’ provided a very wide-ranging education and edification for the Galician peasants
Janina Skorupska-Szarlej
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 267 - 289
The Niedzielski family of Śledziejowice – A collection of art and artefacts
In Śledziejowice, near Wieliczka, the Niedzielski family gathered over the years a valuable collection of old coins, paintings, graphics, artefacts, fabrics, and national memorabilia. The collection was kept in the manor house, where the family had lived since 1830. Many of these items came to be in Śledziejowice by way of collecting activity, others came as dowries, some were purchased and others were donated by various benefactors. Their stories are interesting, although we do not know about all of them.
The Niedzielskis were wealthy, intelligent and very sociable, which meant that many prominent artists, such as Artur Grottger and Andrzej Grabowski were often guests in Śledziejowice. Their paintings, bearing occasional dedications, decorated the walls of the hospitable manor. There were family portraits on the walls and, next to them, old patriotic and historical scenes, as well as landscapes. In addition to the paintings, there were antique pieces of furniture, magnificent fabrics and valuable decorative items. As often happens in noble houses, weapons, original hussar armour from the 2nd half of the 17th century and (kontusz) sashes were hanging on the walls as a symbolic reminder of the family’s noble origins. There were also souvenirs from trips around Europe, such as items from archaeological excavations and priceless manuscripts acquired in France. Unfortunately, the economic changes from the turn of the century, the destruction caused by the First World War and the subsequent economic crisis, caused the economic and financial situation of the Niedzielski family to deteriorate considerably. From the end of the 19th century onwards, they were forced to sell the most valuable of the collected treasures. In the interwar period, pieces from the collection were transferred or sold to various museums and institutions, where they are still kept today. It is thanks to this that we still know about them. Translated by Kinga N. Kuchta
Irena Gruchała
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 291 - 318
The books of Jan de Witte and his son Józef in Helena Dąbczańska’s library
Fragments from the library of Jan de Witte (1709–1785), a bibliophile, architect, and commander of the Kamieniec Podolski stronghold, from the book collection owned by his son Józef (1739–1815), and from that of Józef’s wife, Zofia (1760–1822) form part of the library of Helena Dąbczańska (1863–1956), a Lwów (Lviv) collector. They are now held in Cracow, in the Main Library of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts and in the Jagiellonian Library. In the course of examination of Dąbczańska’s library the books of the De Witte family, among other items, were selected on the basis of their provenance. Seventy-nine books belonged to Jan de Witte, forty-one to Józef, and three to Zofia. Other parts of the libraries owned by these three persons were found after the Second World War by Zbigniew Rewski in the library of Łańcut Castle. The present article is a supplement to those earlier examinations. Jan de Witte’s books are of the greatest significance because of his social standing and his passion for books. In their formal aspect they differ from those in the Łańcut library, though the subject matter is general in both assemblies. The article shows which items may have been used by De Witte as a military man and architect and which reveal his interests. The books owned by Józef de Witte exemplify a small collection assembled by a military man; their subject matter is also general. Predominant among them are French publications which appeared in Józef ‘s lifetime. The number of items owned by Zofia de Witte is too small for an attempt at their broader characterization. Nevertheless, what Zbigniew Rewski once oted has since been confirmed: Zofia de Witte, later Potocka, showed a lively interest in literature. The fragments of the book collections discussed here were found to include numerous first editions, in some cases their owners having actually met the authors of those works, this testifying to their active participation in European culture.
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 319 - 332
The original manuscripts of Jan Lechoń’s two patriotic poems
Among the particularly valuable original manuscripts which are accessible in the collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN are those of two poems by Jan Lechoń (Leszek Serafinowicz) (1899–1956): A Song about Stefan Starzyński and Farewell to ‘Marsellaise’, written in exile during the Second World War; they belong to the legacy of Ryszard Ordyński (1878–1953), a world-famous Polish theatre, opera, and film director. They form a part of the varia among Ordyński’s papers. The poems have never been cited by the authors of studies of Lechoń’s oeuvre, hence the presentation of their scholarly edition in the current volume of the ‘Yearbook of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN in Cracow’.
Wojciech Lipowski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 333 - 346
Szczęsny Mysłowicz – a documentary film-maker of interwar Cracow
The article presents the work of the engineer Szczęsny Mysłowicz (1890–1946), a little-known and forgotten film-maker active in interwar Cracow, the owner of the ‘Lumen’ Film Institute, who documented the city’s cultural, social, and political life. Mysłowicz’s films are shown against the background of the burgeoning Polish cinematography in that period, with particular consideration of the Cracow themes in the then still few documentaries. The author also used the film literature which has recorded the no longer existing productions of Mysłowicz and of other film companies functioning in Cracow at that time. Presented here are the documentaries relating to Cracow, earlier unknown but recently found in the archives, and also profiles of their makers. Furthermore, the style, character, and significance of the surviving films are discussed.
Jan Fejkiel
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 347 - 355
Krzysztof Skórczewski. A self-portrait. The artist’s 70th birthday
Krzysztof Skórczewski is one of the foremost Polish graphic artists. He has become famous mainly for his numerous copper engravings, although he received his first awards and distinctions for his linocuts. The turning point in the artist’s career came in 1976, when he not only abandoned his earlier technique and style but also radically changed his working methods, creating a new graphic narration and gaining a deeper insight into his own personality. Large-format, almost abstract linocuts had been replaced with miniature copper engraving, a medium in which, intent on his work, he realized his great narrations (The Tower of Babel, The Ark, The Flood). However, the choice of the Great Theme does not serve the needs for a contemporary morality play. It is, above all, the artist’s confrontation with his own ego. Skórczewski ‘peregrinates in the meanders of his personal architecture as in a labyrinth of the subconscious […] in the copper plate and the integrated circuits of drawing he sees his countenance […]. This dialogue between the artist and the medium assigned to him, [the dialogue of] the reciprocal, one would like to say, fascination, has developed for several decades. Imperceptibly to those less initiated, step by step he has been drawing a self-portrait.’ The artist is well known not only among connoisseurs and professionals. With his creations, representing the highest artistic quality, he has won for his graphic works a broad audience and has attracted the interest of new media. Moreover, his art intrigues younger generations who find in it something which the artist probably never expected – the poetry of ‘fantasy’.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 357 - 380
Krzysztof Skórczewski. A self-portrait. The artist’s 70th birthday
Krzysztof Skórczewski is one of the foremost Polish graphic artists. He has become famous mainly for his numerous copper engravings, although he received his first awards and distinctions for his linocuts. The turning point in the artist’s career came in 1976, when he not only abandoned his earlier technique and style but also radically changed his working methods, creating a new graphic narration and gaining a deeper insight into his own personality. Large-format, almost abstract linocuts had been replaced with miniature copper engraving, a medium in which, intent on his work, he realized his great narrations (The Tower of Babel, The Ark, The Flood). However, the choice of the Great Theme does not serve the needs for a contemporary morality play. It is, above all, the artist’s confrontation with his own ego. Skórczewski ‘peregrinates in the meanders of his personal architecture as in a labyrinth of the subconscious […] in the copper plate and the integrated circuits of drawing he sees his countenance […]. This dialogue between the artist and the medium assigned to him, [the dialogue of] the reciprocal, one would like to say, fascination, has developed for several decades. Imperceptibly to those less initiated, step by step he has been drawing a self-portrait.’ The artist is well known not only among connoisseurs and professionals. With his creations, representing the highest artistic quality, he has won for his graphic works a broad audience and has attracted the interest of new media. Moreover, his art intrigues younger generations who find in it something which the artist probably never expected – the poetry of ‘fantasy’.
Anna Olszewska, Joanna Gancarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 381 - 387
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXIII (2018), 2018, s. 389 - 392
Data publikacji: 2017
Redaktor naczelny: Karolina Grodziska
Elżbieta Knapek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 9 - 20
A few remarks on the way the monarchs executed their right of patronage on the margine of an unknown document from 1390 issued by Władyslaw Jagiełło for Mikołaj Trąba
King Władysław Jagiełło had the right of patronage to over a hundred beneficiary parish churches in the Archdioceses of Gniezno and Lviv, several dozen prebendaries in cathedral and collegiate chapters, and to a difficult to assess number of chapels and church altar fundations all over the monarchy. The number of the beneficiaries under the king’s patronage was changing. It was being increased by the new churches and prebendaries founded by the king, and decreased by the benefices granted by the ruler to the Cracow’s University or religious congregations. As a patron, the king presented a candidate for a vacant benefice in writing. Due to the evanescent charcter of those documents, very few have survived until the present day. In the collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences a document written by Władysław Jagiełło in 1390 has been found. It presents Mikołaj Trąba as a candidate for the position of an altarist in the Cracow Cathedral. There is also another document worth mentioning in which seventeen years later Władysław Jagiełło presented Mikołaj Trąba as a candidate for the office of a parish priest in Przemyków, which became vacant after the death of king’s preacher and confessor, Jan Szczekna.
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 21 - 40
„Bread for the praiseworthy”. The inspection of the Crown lands in the Mościska District in 1627
In ancient Poland Crown lands constituted the “bread for the praiseworthy”, and they were granted by the king for broadly defined services for the mothercountry. Leasing and managing these properties was very profitable – after making the payments due to the Treasury, a Starost (a head of a district) would keep the rest. Thus, the starosts would try to maximise their profits. Studying the history of the districts one should make a note of the enforcement movement from the second half of the 16th century whose objective was to limit the free distribution of the state properties, a phenomenon characteristic of the Jagiellonian dynasty which tried to strengthen its position on the throne of Poland. Pursuant to the decision of the Sejm, from time to time the inspections of the respective districts were carried out, and the appointed (and sworn to office) inpectors made inventories of the properties and checked whether the starosts fulfilled their financial obligations to the Treasury regularly and accurately. One of the several hundred of districts of the Republic of Poland was the Mościska district, within the Przemyśl lands, in the Ruthenian Voivodeship, at first rich, but later ravaged due to the frequent Tatars’ raids.The inspection carried out in 1627 provides the picture of that district, the town of Mościska and the neighbouring villages. The annex includes this document, preserved as a copy from 1713. What must be emphasised is its importance for the research not only into the districts themselves but into the history of the eastern territories of Poland.
Karolina Targosz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 41 - 55
On the trail of the first women painters in old Poland
The article presents the Polonica in the works of Italian women painters, and the accounts about the activity of women painters in Poland. An amateur woman painter from the upper classes was Maria Eleonora, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (1671–1756), wife of Jerzy Radziwiłł. The professional women painters in the first half of the 18th century were Wilelm Włoch’s wife and daughter, who contributed into the creation of his frescos and altar paintings in the Church of Norbertine Sisters in Imbramowice. The daughter single-handedly painted two altar paintings preserved in the Church of Bernardine Sisters in Kraków.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 57 - 62
Juliusz Mien junior – painter. From the series: Forgotten inhabitants of Kraków
In multicultural Kraków from the times of Austrian-Hungarian monarchy there were many assimilated foreign artists whose figures are worth bringing back. One of them was Juliusz Mien junior (1865 Blanchefosse–1890 Kraków), a son of Juliusz (Jules) Mien, a French, poet and writer, who settled down in Kraków in 1870, and Petronela Wieczorkowska. Mien junior studied in the Cracow School of Fine Arts and in Munich, and very few of his paintings and drawings, self-portraits and portraits have been preserved in private collections and in the National Museum in Kraków. Like his father, he also wrote poems in Polish.
Janina Skorupska-Szarlej
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 63 - 78
History of the portraits of the Galician Sejm Marshalls in the collection of the National Museum in Cracow
The Galician Sejm was the supreme local government assembly for Galicia during its autonomy. The Galician Sejm was based in Lviv where, in between 1878 and 1881, its representative premises were built. Following the example of other supreme institutions of the times, Department of Sejm, the administrative and executive arm of the Galician Sejm, commissioned portraits of Marshalls from the most prominent Polish artists: Rodakowski, Matejko, Siemiradzki, and Pochwalski. All Marshalls were depinted apart from the last two, Adam Gołuchowski and Stanisław Niezabitowski, whose portraits were not commissioned in time. The portraits represented not only a collection of fine pieces of art but also a historical testimony of Galicia and its achievements. At times the portaits were a source of admiration and, at others, of waspish remarks. Unfortunately, they shared the fate of heroic Lviv during the First World War and the Polish-Soviet War. With the aim to save the collection, Marshall Niezabitowski sent the portraits to the National Museum in Cracow in 1916. After signing the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the paintings were returned to Lviv, where the war against Bolsheviks was still raging. The Parliament building was seized and the paintings were damaged. At the end of 1918, the collection was sent to the National Museum in Cracow for the second time. At first, they were considered a deposit but later on they became the property of the Museum. For more than 80 years the collection has been the glory of The Gallery of 19th-century Polish Art at Sukiennice.
Przekład: Kinga Kuchta
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 79 - 103
Ludwik Osiński’s libretto for „Andromeda”, the opera by Józef Elsner, from 1807 in the manuscript collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków
Among the literary texts available in manuscripts in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków, one that draws attention is a libretto written by a poet and plawright, Ludwik Osiński (1775–1838), for Andromeda, an opera composed by Józef Elsner (1769–1854). The opera was first staged in 1807 in Warsaw to honour Napoleon Bonaparte, in the times of the Duchy of Warsaw, after the French victory over the Prussians. Osiński used a mythological theme to glorify the Emperor. Napoleon was in the audience during one of the performences.
The handwriting, grammar and spelling of the text suggest that the manuscript from the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences comes from the 19th century. No information as to who wrote down the text has been found either in the manuscript itself or in the library’s catalogues.
210 years after those events it is worth bringing this work back. The Libretto was printed in 1808 as one complete work in two languages: Polish and in French translation. Now it is a historic publication from the epoque. Andromeda was not included in the four-volume publication of the author’s works presented in between 1861 and 1862. This article is the first critical edition of Osiński’s work.
Łukasz Romaniuk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 105 - 112
Magazines for women in the publishing heritage of Konstanty Majeranowski (1787–1851)
The journalistic output of Konstanty Majeranowski is big, although so far it has not seemed to be interesting for the historians of the press. The objective of this article is to show Majranowski as a creator of the magazines addressed to women. He was a precursor of this magazine genre not only in the Free City of Kraków but on Polish lands under partitions as well. He published “Pleasant and Practical Entertainments”, which later changed the title to “Polish Flora”, “Cracow’s Courier Devoted to Fair Sex and Literature” and the addition to “ Cracow’s Herald”, entitled “Wanda” – all of which were addressed to women. In the pages of these magazines the readers could find information from the world of fashion, and especially for them the romances and literary works were published there. There was also a substantial amount of humour. These magazines can be counted among press ephemerids as they were issued for a short time as they lacked a firm group of readers.
Izabela Krasińska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 113 - 122
„Polish Woman” (1899–1907) as an example of a patronage magazine – a monographic outline
Issued in the years 1899–1907, “Polish Woman” is an example of a patronage magazine connected with the Christian-social movement established after Pope Leon XIII announced his encyclical Rerum novarum. The magzine was addressed to pious peasant women, townswomen, workers and craftsmen’s wives, undereducated women. A great contribution into the creation and development of the “Polish Woman” magazine was made by its publisher, a renown Cracow’s pro-education activist, Adela Dziewicka. A long-standing editor-in-chief was Katarzyna Płatek, who held a similar position in another patronage periodical – “The Servants’ Friend”. The duet Dziewicka and Płatek contributed to the foundation of the “Guardian Angle” an indpendent publication addressed to children, an addition to “Polish Woman”. In December 1903 the editorial office and the administration of the monthly were moved to Lviv and Father Adam Wesoliński was entrusted with these responsibilities. Under his direction “Polish Woman” was an independent publication, an addition to the “Sunday Gazette”, a weekly addressed to Catholic families. In the pages of “Polish Woman” one could find advice in the matters of housework and religion as well as literary works and texts on history.
Mateusz Mataniak
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 123 - 149
Supervisions of churches in Kraków in the years 1800–1853. Organisation and responsibilities
The article presents the origins and the system of the institutions supervising Churches established by the Sejm of the Free City of Kraków in 1833. Their responsibility was mainly to supervise parish properties, of which they informed the government, and to participate in the construction and redecoration works around the churches, parochial houses, vicarages, cemetries etc. Supervising institutions included collators, parsons, parishoners and District Commissioners who represented the Governing Senate. The article also reconstructs a few cases of construction and redecoration works connected with churches and parish buildings in Kraków and in the so called Kraków District in which supervising offices played their role. The study is mainly based on the archival documents from the National Archives in Kraków.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 151 - 163
Pokucie in the botanical studies of the Cracow Scientific Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences
Realising the programme of researching Galicia, the Botanical Section of the Physiographic Commission of the Cracow Scientific Society (later the Academy of Arts and Sciences) carried out work in, inter alia, Pokucie. Pokucie was considred to be a geographical and historical area by the upper Prut River and the Cheremosh River. It is seperated from the located to the north Podole by the Dniester River valley, its south border is marked by the Chornohora Mountain Range.
Field research carried out in Pokucie was the work of both field co-operators of the Physiographic Commission and the employees of the Botanical Section. Especially worth mentioning is the field work of J. A. Śleńdziński, E. Wołoszczak, H. Zapałowicz and A. Wróblewski. The model co-operation between field co-operators of the Physiographic Commission and the Cracow scientists connected with it should be especially emphasised. In result many new research positions and descriptions of new species were provided.
It is worth mentioning that until the research of the Botanical Section, Podole had been weakly explored from the point of view of flora. The research into this area was continued during the interwar period. There is no doubt that the contribution of the Botanical Section of the Physiographic Commission into the research and establishing the knowledge of flora in Pokucie was enormous.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 165 - 176
Oscar Vladislas de Milosz (1877–1939) and the ,,Queen’’ Karomama
In 1906 a French Symbolist poet published a poem Karomama in a volume of poems entitled Les sept solitudes. The poem was influenced by a fascinating impression experienced by its author in Louvre where he saw a bronze figurine of a young girl (Pl. I, II), brought from Egypt in 1829 by Jean François Champollion. This antique presents Karomama Meritmut, daughter of Osorkon II or granddaughter of Osorkon I, who during the rule of the 22nd Dynasty (870–825 BC) held a very important office of God’s Wife of Amun/Divine Adoratress of Amun. The figurine, an exquisite example of metal sculpture, was founded by Iahentefnakht, God’s Father of Amun, the overseer of Treasury of the House of Divine Adoratress of Amun. The figurine served cultic puropses in one of the chapels in Karnak; Divine Adoratress offered two sistrums to Amon in sacrifice, as shown on a relief sculpture from the Egyptian Museum in Berlin (Fig. 1). Other antiques connected with Karomama (including a few shabtis figurines with her name) were found in West Thebes, in the area of the Temple of a Million Years of Ramses II. However, Karomama’s disturbed tomb, from which these findings most certainly came from, had not been discovred until the archeological excavations in 2014 carried out in the area of a cemetry located there in the times of the 22nd Dynasty. Almost physical fascination with the image of the Egyptian “queen” from Louvre, apart from the above mentioned poem included in at least a few anthologies of Milosz’s poems, is confirmed by her presence in one of his mystery plays (Saul de Tarse, 1913; published 1970). The poem Karomama translated by Maria Leśniewska (1983) constitutes the annex to this text. [English translation of the poem by Edouard Roditi: [in:] C. Bomford (ed.), The Noble Traveller, 1985, p. 73/75].
Piotr Świątczak
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 177 - 208
The correspondence between Marian Gieszczykiewicz and his fiancée and a wife-to-be, Elżbieta Schreyer, from a private collection of Ann Elizabeth Gieszczykiewicz- Jaron – the history of the set and its historical and sentimental value
The author of the present article, a historian, Piotr Świątczak, presents an edition of the letters from Marian Gieszczykiewicz (1889–1942) to his fiancée and a wifie-to-be, Elżbieta Schreyer (1890–1983). He also presents the history of the collection and emphasised its historical and sentimental value.
The author of the letters was a graduate from St. Anne’s Grammar School in Kraków and then Medical Department of the Jagiellonian University. After finishing his studies, he started his career as a scientist, researcher and lecturer at this University, and in 1924 he became a full professor. He also held the position of the Dean of the Medical Department of the Jagiellonian University. He was considered to be a distinguished bacteriologist. During WWII he took part in the undergound resitance movement. Due to that fact he was arrested by the Nazis (in 1941). He was a prisoner in the Montelupich Street prison and KL Auschwitz, where he died (in 1942). His life companion, E. Schreyer, graduated from the Queen Jadwiga Private Grammar School for Girls in Kraków and the Philological Department of the Jagiellonian University (Polish and German philology).
The set comes from a private collection of the scientist’s granddaughter, Ann Elizabeth Gieszczykiewicz- Jaron, who lives in England. It is unique in its character as it has never been made available to anyone, studied and published. Thus the present article is of great epistemic value. It consists of four parts. The first one is an extensive preface, in which the author presents the biographical notes about the sender and the recipient of the letters, and provides an analysis of their content, describes what they look like and what is the state of their preservation. The second, third and fourth part provide the editions of the letters: from the years 1917–1918 (to his fiancée from the southern front of WWI), from 1933 (to his wife and children spending their winter holidays in Zakopane) and from 1942 (to his wife and children from KL Auschwitz). The text is followed by the appendix with the reproductions of exemplary letters and photographs.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 209 - 235
„Polen im Zeitalter der Jagiellonen 1386–1572”. The Jagiellonian Dynasty exhibition in Schallaburg (May 8–November 2 1986) and in Warsaw (March– June 1987). A recollection on the 30th anniversary
The Jagiellonian Dynasty exhibition presented in Schallaburg in Lower Austria and then in Warsaw was a very important cultural event for Polish and foreign recepients from the 80s of the 20th century. The article describes how, in completely different political and technical conditions, this exhibition came into being. The article is based on reviews published in newspapers issued in the People’s Republic of Poland and in foreign ones, mostly Austrian, on the direct recollections of the authors of the exhibition – Dr. Franciszek Stolot (1937–2006) and Dr. Gottfried Stangler (1948–2005), letters and comments written by the visitors to the exhibition.
The exhibition presented the times of the Jagiellonian rule in Poland, beginning with Władysław Jagiełło until Zygmunt August, 1386–1572, it was artistic and historical in character , but dominated by the works of art from state and church collections. It was held in 22 rooms of Schallaburg Castle and consisted of 600 exhibits. On the occasion of the exhibition a catalogue Schallaburg‘86 Polen im Zeitalter der Jagiellonen 1386–1572 was published, it consisted of 596 pages and 92 colourful illustrations compiled by 60 authors. The exhibition was a cognitive element not only for foreign tourists but for Polish visitors as well beacause it gathered the antiques from the Jagiellonian period in one place. Due to the success of the Jagiellonian Dynasty exhibition in Schallaburg, it was presented a year later in the Warsaw Castle. A modest catalogue Poland of the Jagiellonian Dynasty 1386–1572 was also published. It was edited by Prof. Aleksander Gieysztor, then the director of the Warsaw Castle.
The Schallburg exhibition was reviewd nad commented upon by Wilfried Schaber in “Weltkunst”, and it triggered international interest in the culture from the period of the Jagiellonian rule not only in Poland but also in the Czech Republic, Hungary, on the territory of the present Slovakia (Upper Hungary) and in Romania (Transylvania), and initiated scientific publications on that topic. As a result, an exhibition was organised in 2012 in Kutna Hora. It later visited Warsaw and Potsdam. The catalogue of the exhibition Europa Jagellonica 1386–1572 Art and Culture in Central Europe under the Jagiellonian Dynasty was published. It was edited by Jiři Fajt.
Urszula Orłowska-Węgiel, Łukasz Łukawski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 237 - 242
The international exchange of the publications of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 2000–2016
The present article discusses the way the international exchange functioned in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 2000– 2016. It describes the changes that it was been undergoing since the Library had been incorporated into the structures of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Apart from presenting the main scientific institutions and establishments which were continuing partners, the article discusses the challenges and problems connected with the international exchange that the Scientific Library faced in that period. The decrease in the number of the titles sent as well as the co-operating institutions was a result of a limited number of the magazine copies acquired by the Library for the exchange. The fact that certain titles completely ceased to be published also led to the end of the exchange with many entities. The dynamic conversion of the magazines into an electronic form, making them available on the Internet and cuttting the costs are the main reasons for the changes in the way the international exchange has been carried out by the Scientific Library in recent years.
Bożenna Wyrozumska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 243 - 247
The collection of underground prints from the Martial Law times in Poland
The article refers to the collection gathered by the author of the present text, mainly „post stamps” which were published underground among other “out of cencorship” publications after the introduction of Martial Law which was proclaimed on the 13th of December 1981. One of the first publications, and maybe even the first one, was an analysis of the legal grounds for the Martial Law, printed with the use of a duplicating machine, signed by the “Jagiellonian University lawyers”. Among those anonymous lawyers was Andrzej Zoll, later the President of the Constitutional Tribunal.
The publishing activity started to flourish quickly in various underground structures. There were fliers, calendars and finally books; postcards and “post stamps” started to be issued. The present collection includes mainly the publications published in Warsaw or those that were brought there. There are also publications from Lublin. In Warsaw one of the collecting points where one could pick “out of censorship” publications was located at Górnośląska Street in the apartment of Mr and Ms Bart; from the Lublin district they were delivered by my husband’s nephew, Jan Dutkiewicz, who was active there. I delivered the underground publications mainly to the Jagiellonian Library, and distributed what was left among friends leaving some part for myself. First of all, I gathered post stamps. Initially, the quality of the print was very primitive, however, it improved later. Sometimes the underground stamps resembled the official ones, published by the state postal service. I put two of those stamps on letters, one to my husband and one to myself. The post office stamped them and the postman delivered them to the addressees.
The complete collection was donated to the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków.
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 249 - 255
Amateur ornithology at the end of the 18 century. A few th words about „Histoire des oiseaux” by François-Nicolas Martinet and its illustrations on the 230 th anniversary of its publication
The article presents one of the modern ornithological works published in the years 1787–1796, Histoire des oiseaux by François-Nicolas Martinet. The engraver produced a compendium constituting part of the history of French illustrated nature encyclopaedias which goes back to the mid-16th century. Consecutive depictions of animals were created in the circles of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Since the mid-17th century its members had compiled various compendia presenting mammals and birds living in the royal menageries. Since around 1765, François-Nicolas Martinet had been hired to create colourful ornithological illustrations for one of such encyclopaedias prepared by Georges Leclerc de Buffon. On the basis of the copperplate engravings made at that time, in 1787 Martinet began to publish his own depictions of birds with descriptions. Produced during the French Revolution, the collection was popular with readers due to its light yet scientific character, but also because of its convinient format. One of the buyers of Histoire des oiseaux was Aleksander Lubomirski whose grandson, Leon Rzewuski, donated six volumes of this compendium to the Cracow Scientific Society in 1865. The book collection of the Society laid the foundations for the collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków.
Jan Motyka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 257 - 284
The gift of the engravings for the Print Room in 2016
In 2016 the Print Room of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków enriched itself with the gift of 49 works of eminent Polish modern arists. The gift encompasses the engravings of the established artists of several generations begining with those who started working before WWII and ending with the individualities of the middle generation. They are all connected with Kraków, either through years of studies spent here or their later artistic work. The works include engravings produced by means of various traditional techniques such as endway woodcut, elongated woodcut, linocut, etching, mezzotint, all of them approached by the artists, especially by the young ones, in their individual way. Among the engravings there are a few works produced by means of a technique used/invented by Marian Malina – cellocut.
The individualities discussed here: Bogna Krasnodębska-Gardowska (1900–1986), Jerzy Panek (1918–2001), Marian Malina (1922–1985), Leszek Sobocki (b. 1938), Piotr Kmieć (b. 1949), Małgorzata Żurakowska (b. 1952), Wiesław Skibiński (b. 1961), Hanna Michalska-Baran (b. 1963) and Bogdan Achimescu (b. 1965), may represent different attitudes in their works due to the generation gap, experiences or temperaments, however, they contribute enormously into Polish graphic art of the last few decades. Taking into consideration the fact that the collection of the Print Room, which includes old engravings, is a closed collection, the examples of Polish modern graphic art acquired now seem all the more important.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 285 - 306
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 307 - 311
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 313 - 314
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 315 - 318
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 319 - 328
Andrzej Kastory
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 329 - 333
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 285 - 306
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 307 - 311
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 313 - 314
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 315 - 318
Karolina Grodziska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 319 - 328
Andrzej Kastory
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 329 - 333
Elżbieta Knapek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 9 - 20
A few remarks on the way the monarchs executed their right of patronage on the margine of an unknown document from 1390 issued by Władyslaw Jagiełło for Mikołaj Trąba
King Władysław Jagiełło had the right of patronage to over a hundred beneficiary parish churches in the Archdioceses of Gniezno and Lviv, several dozen prebendaries in cathedral and collegiate chapters, and to a difficult to assess number of chapels and church altar fundations all over the monarchy. The number of the beneficiaries under the king’s patronage was changing. It was being increased by the new churches and prebendaries founded by the king, and decreased by the benefices granted by the ruler to the Cracow’s University or religious congregations. As a patron, the king presented a candidate for a vacant benefice in writing. Due to the evanescent charcter of those documents, very few have survived until the present day. In the collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences a document written by Władysław Jagiełło in 1390 has been found. It presents Mikołaj Trąba as a candidate for the position of an altarist in the Cracow Cathedral. There is also another document worth mentioning in which seventeen years later Władysław Jagiełło presented Mikołaj Trąba as a candidate for the office of a parish priest in Przemyków, which became vacant after the death of king’s preacher and confessor, Jan Szczekna.
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 21 - 40
„Bread for the praiseworthy”. The inspection of the Crown lands in the Mościska District in 1627
In ancient Poland Crown lands constituted the “bread for the praiseworthy”, and they were granted by the king for broadly defined services for the mothercountry. Leasing and managing these properties was very profitable – after making the payments due to the Treasury, a Starost (a head of a district) would keep the rest. Thus, the starosts would try to maximise their profits. Studying the history of the districts one should make a note of the enforcement movement from the second half of the 16th century whose objective was to limit the free distribution of the state properties, a phenomenon characteristic of the Jagiellonian dynasty which tried to strengthen its position on the throne of Poland. Pursuant to the decision of the Sejm, from time to time the inspections of the respective districts were carried out, and the appointed (and sworn to office) inpectors made inventories of the properties and checked whether the starosts fulfilled their financial obligations to the Treasury regularly and accurately. One of the several hundred of districts of the Republic of Poland was the Mościska district, within the Przemyśl lands, in the Ruthenian Voivodeship, at first rich, but later ravaged due to the frequent Tatars’ raids.The inspection carried out in 1627 provides the picture of that district, the town of Mościska and the neighbouring villages. The annex includes this document, preserved as a copy from 1713. What must be emphasised is its importance for the research not only into the districts themselves but into the history of the eastern territories of Poland.
Karolina Targosz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 41 - 55
On the trail of the first women painters in old Poland
The article presents the Polonica in the works of Italian women painters, and the accounts about the activity of women painters in Poland. An amateur woman painter from the upper classes was Maria Eleonora, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (1671–1756), wife of Jerzy Radziwiłł. The professional women painters in the first half of the 18th century were Wilelm Włoch’s wife and daughter, who contributed into the creation of his frescos and altar paintings in the Church of Norbertine Sisters in Imbramowice. The daughter single-handedly painted two altar paintings preserved in the Church of Bernardine Sisters in Kraków.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 57 - 62
Juliusz Mien junior – painter. From the series: Forgotten inhabitants of Kraków
In multicultural Kraków from the times of Austrian-Hungarian monarchy there were many assimilated foreign artists whose figures are worth bringing back. One of them was Juliusz Mien junior (1865 Blanchefosse–1890 Kraków), a son of Juliusz (Jules) Mien, a French, poet and writer, who settled down in Kraków in 1870, and Petronela Wieczorkowska. Mien junior studied in the Cracow School of Fine Arts and in Munich, and very few of his paintings and drawings, self-portraits and portraits have been preserved in private collections and in the National Museum in Kraków. Like his father, he also wrote poems in Polish.
Janina Skorupska-Szarlej
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 63 - 78
History of the portraits of the Galician Sejm Marshalls in the collection of the National Museum in Cracow
The Galician Sejm was the supreme local government assembly for Galicia during its autonomy. The Galician Sejm was based in Lviv where, in between 1878 and 1881, its representative premises were built. Following the example of other supreme institutions of the times, Department of Sejm, the administrative and executive arm of the Galician Sejm, commissioned portraits of Marshalls from the most prominent Polish artists: Rodakowski, Matejko, Siemiradzki, and Pochwalski. All Marshalls were depinted apart from the last two, Adam Gołuchowski and Stanisław Niezabitowski, whose portraits were not commissioned in time. The portraits represented not only a collection of fine pieces of art but also a historical testimony of Galicia and its achievements. At times the portaits were a source of admiration and, at others, of waspish remarks. Unfortunately, they shared the fate of heroic Lviv during the First World War and the Polish-Soviet War. With the aim to save the collection, Marshall Niezabitowski sent the portraits to the National Museum in Cracow in 1916. After signing the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the paintings were returned to Lviv, where the war against Bolsheviks was still raging. The Parliament building was seized and the paintings were damaged. At the end of 1918, the collection was sent to the National Museum in Cracow for the second time. At first, they were considered a deposit but later on they became the property of the Museum. For more than 80 years the collection has been the glory of The Gallery of 19th-century Polish Art at Sukiennice.
Przekład: Kinga Kuchta
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 79 - 103
Ludwik Osiński’s libretto for „Andromeda”, the opera by Józef Elsner, from 1807 in the manuscript collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków
Among the literary texts available in manuscripts in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków, one that draws attention is a libretto written by a poet and plawright, Ludwik Osiński (1775–1838), for Andromeda, an opera composed by Józef Elsner (1769–1854). The opera was first staged in 1807 in Warsaw to honour Napoleon Bonaparte, in the times of the Duchy of Warsaw, after the French victory over the Prussians. Osiński used a mythological theme to glorify the Emperor. Napoleon was in the audience during one of the performences.
The handwriting, grammar and spelling of the text suggest that the manuscript from the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences comes from the 19th century. No information as to who wrote down the text has been found either in the manuscript itself or in the library’s catalogues.
210 years after those events it is worth bringing this work back. The Libretto was printed in 1808 as one complete work in two languages: Polish and in French translation. Now it is a historic publication from the epoque. Andromeda was not included in the four-volume publication of the author’s works presented in between 1861 and 1862. This article is the first critical edition of Osiński’s work.
Łukasz Romaniuk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 105 - 112
Magazines for women in the publishing heritage of Konstanty Majeranowski (1787–1851)
The journalistic output of Konstanty Majeranowski is big, although so far it has not seemed to be interesting for the historians of the press. The objective of this article is to show Majranowski as a creator of the magazines addressed to women. He was a precursor of this magazine genre not only in the Free City of Kraków but on Polish lands under partitions as well. He published “Pleasant and Practical Entertainments”, which later changed the title to “Polish Flora”, “Cracow’s Courier Devoted to Fair Sex and Literature” and the addition to “ Cracow’s Herald”, entitled “Wanda” – all of which were addressed to women. In the pages of these magazines the readers could find information from the world of fashion, and especially for them the romances and literary works were published there. There was also a substantial amount of humour. These magazines can be counted among press ephemerids as they were issued for a short time as they lacked a firm group of readers.
Izabela Krasińska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 113 - 122
„Polish Woman” (1899–1907) as an example of a patronage magazine – a monographic outline
Issued in the years 1899–1907, “Polish Woman” is an example of a patronage magazine connected with the Christian-social movement established after Pope Leon XIII announced his encyclical Rerum novarum. The magzine was addressed to pious peasant women, townswomen, workers and craftsmen’s wives, undereducated women. A great contribution into the creation and development of the “Polish Woman” magazine was made by its publisher, a renown Cracow’s pro-education activist, Adela Dziewicka. A long-standing editor-in-chief was Katarzyna Płatek, who held a similar position in another patronage periodical – “The Servants’ Friend”. The duet Dziewicka and Płatek contributed to the foundation of the “Guardian Angle” an indpendent publication addressed to children, an addition to “Polish Woman”. In December 1903 the editorial office and the administration of the monthly were moved to Lviv and Father Adam Wesoliński was entrusted with these responsibilities. Under his direction “Polish Woman” was an independent publication, an addition to the “Sunday Gazette”, a weekly addressed to Catholic families. In the pages of “Polish Woman” one could find advice in the matters of housework and religion as well as literary works and texts on history.
Mateusz Mataniak
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 123 - 149
Supervisions of churches in Kraków in the years 1800–1853. Organisation and responsibilities
The article presents the origins and the system of the institutions supervising Churches established by the Sejm of the Free City of Kraków in 1833. Their responsibility was mainly to supervise parish properties, of which they informed the government, and to participate in the construction and redecoration works around the churches, parochial houses, vicarages, cemetries etc. Supervising institutions included collators, parsons, parishoners and District Commissioners who represented the Governing Senate. The article also reconstructs a few cases of construction and redecoration works connected with churches and parish buildings in Kraków and in the so called Kraków District in which supervising offices played their role. The study is mainly based on the archival documents from the National Archives in Kraków.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 151 - 163
Pokucie in the botanical studies of the Cracow Scientific Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences
Realising the programme of researching Galicia, the Botanical Section of the Physiographic Commission of the Cracow Scientific Society (later the Academy of Arts and Sciences) carried out work in, inter alia, Pokucie. Pokucie was considred to be a geographical and historical area by the upper Prut River and the Cheremosh River. It is seperated from the located to the north Podole by the Dniester River valley, its south border is marked by the Chornohora Mountain Range.
Field research carried out in Pokucie was the work of both field co-operators of the Physiographic Commission and the employees of the Botanical Section. Especially worth mentioning is the field work of J. A. Śleńdziński, E. Wołoszczak, H. Zapałowicz and A. Wróblewski. The model co-operation between field co-operators of the Physiographic Commission and the Cracow scientists connected with it should be especially emphasised. In result many new research positions and descriptions of new species were provided.
It is worth mentioning that until the research of the Botanical Section, Podole had been weakly explored from the point of view of flora. The research into this area was continued during the interwar period. There is no doubt that the contribution of the Botanical Section of the Physiographic Commission into the research and establishing the knowledge of flora in Pokucie was enormous.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 165 - 176
Oscar Vladislas de Milosz (1877–1939) and the ,,Queen’’ Karomama
In 1906 a French Symbolist poet published a poem Karomama in a volume of poems entitled Les sept solitudes. The poem was influenced by a fascinating impression experienced by its author in Louvre where he saw a bronze figurine of a young girl (Pl. I, II), brought from Egypt in 1829 by Jean François Champollion. This antique presents Karomama Meritmut, daughter of Osorkon II or granddaughter of Osorkon I, who during the rule of the 22nd Dynasty (870–825 BC) held a very important office of God’s Wife of Amun/Divine Adoratress of Amun. The figurine, an exquisite example of metal sculpture, was founded by Iahentefnakht, God’s Father of Amun, the overseer of Treasury of the House of Divine Adoratress of Amun. The figurine served cultic puropses in one of the chapels in Karnak; Divine Adoratress offered two sistrums to Amon in sacrifice, as shown on a relief sculpture from the Egyptian Museum in Berlin (Fig. 1). Other antiques connected with Karomama (including a few shabtis figurines with her name) were found in West Thebes, in the area of the Temple of a Million Years of Ramses II. However, Karomama’s disturbed tomb, from which these findings most certainly came from, had not been discovred until the archeological excavations in 2014 carried out in the area of a cemetry located there in the times of the 22nd Dynasty. Almost physical fascination with the image of the Egyptian “queen” from Louvre, apart from the above mentioned poem included in at least a few anthologies of Milosz’s poems, is confirmed by her presence in one of his mystery plays (Saul de Tarse, 1913; published 1970). The poem Karomama translated by Maria Leśniewska (1983) constitutes the annex to this text. [English translation of the poem by Edouard Roditi: [in:] C. Bomford (ed.), The Noble Traveller, 1985, p. 73/75].
Piotr Świątczak
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 177 - 208
The correspondence between Marian Gieszczykiewicz and his fiancée and a wife-to-be, Elżbieta Schreyer, from a private collection of Ann Elizabeth Gieszczykiewicz- Jaron – the history of the set and its historical and sentimental value
The author of the present article, a historian, Piotr Świątczak, presents an edition of the letters from Marian Gieszczykiewicz (1889–1942) to his fiancée and a wifie-to-be, Elżbieta Schreyer (1890–1983). He also presents the history of the collection and emphasised its historical and sentimental value.
The author of the letters was a graduate from St. Anne’s Grammar School in Kraków and then Medical Department of the Jagiellonian University. After finishing his studies, he started his career as a scientist, researcher and lecturer at this University, and in 1924 he became a full professor. He also held the position of the Dean of the Medical Department of the Jagiellonian University. He was considered to be a distinguished bacteriologist. During WWII he took part in the undergound resitance movement. Due to that fact he was arrested by the Nazis (in 1941). He was a prisoner in the Montelupich Street prison and KL Auschwitz, where he died (in 1942). His life companion, E. Schreyer, graduated from the Queen Jadwiga Private Grammar School for Girls in Kraków and the Philological Department of the Jagiellonian University (Polish and German philology).
The set comes from a private collection of the scientist’s granddaughter, Ann Elizabeth Gieszczykiewicz- Jaron, who lives in England. It is unique in its character as it has never been made available to anyone, studied and published. Thus the present article is of great epistemic value. It consists of four parts. The first one is an extensive preface, in which the author presents the biographical notes about the sender and the recipient of the letters, and provides an analysis of their content, describes what they look like and what is the state of their preservation. The second, third and fourth part provide the editions of the letters: from the years 1917–1918 (to his fiancée from the southern front of WWI), from 1933 (to his wife and children spending their winter holidays in Zakopane) and from 1942 (to his wife and children from KL Auschwitz). The text is followed by the appendix with the reproductions of exemplary letters and photographs.
Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 209 - 235
„Polen im Zeitalter der Jagiellonen 1386–1572”. The Jagiellonian Dynasty exhibition in Schallaburg (May 8–November 2 1986) and in Warsaw (March– June 1987). A recollection on the 30th anniversary
The Jagiellonian Dynasty exhibition presented in Schallaburg in Lower Austria and then in Warsaw was a very important cultural event for Polish and foreign recepients from the 80s of the 20th century. The article describes how, in completely different political and technical conditions, this exhibition came into being. The article is based on reviews published in newspapers issued in the People’s Republic of Poland and in foreign ones, mostly Austrian, on the direct recollections of the authors of the exhibition – Dr. Franciszek Stolot (1937–2006) and Dr. Gottfried Stangler (1948–2005), letters and comments written by the visitors to the exhibition.
The exhibition presented the times of the Jagiellonian rule in Poland, beginning with Władysław Jagiełło until Zygmunt August, 1386–1572, it was artistic and historical in character , but dominated by the works of art from state and church collections. It was held in 22 rooms of Schallaburg Castle and consisted of 600 exhibits. On the occasion of the exhibition a catalogue Schallaburg‘86 Polen im Zeitalter der Jagiellonen 1386–1572 was published, it consisted of 596 pages and 92 colourful illustrations compiled by 60 authors. The exhibition was a cognitive element not only for foreign tourists but for Polish visitors as well beacause it gathered the antiques from the Jagiellonian period in one place. Due to the success of the Jagiellonian Dynasty exhibition in Schallaburg, it was presented a year later in the Warsaw Castle. A modest catalogue Poland of the Jagiellonian Dynasty 1386–1572 was also published. It was edited by Prof. Aleksander Gieysztor, then the director of the Warsaw Castle.
The Schallburg exhibition was reviewd nad commented upon by Wilfried Schaber in “Weltkunst”, and it triggered international interest in the culture from the period of the Jagiellonian rule not only in Poland but also in the Czech Republic, Hungary, on the territory of the present Slovakia (Upper Hungary) and in Romania (Transylvania), and initiated scientific publications on that topic. As a result, an exhibition was organised in 2012 in Kutna Hora. It later visited Warsaw and Potsdam. The catalogue of the exhibition Europa Jagellonica 1386–1572 Art and Culture in Central Europe under the Jagiellonian Dynasty was published. It was edited by Jiři Fajt.
Urszula Orłowska-Węgiel, Łukasz Łukawski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 237 - 242
The international exchange of the publications of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 2000–2016
The present article discusses the way the international exchange functioned in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 2000– 2016. It describes the changes that it was been undergoing since the Library had been incorporated into the structures of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Apart from presenting the main scientific institutions and establishments which were continuing partners, the article discusses the challenges and problems connected with the international exchange that the Scientific Library faced in that period. The decrease in the number of the titles sent as well as the co-operating institutions was a result of a limited number of the magazine copies acquired by the Library for the exchange. The fact that certain titles completely ceased to be published also led to the end of the exchange with many entities. The dynamic conversion of the magazines into an electronic form, making them available on the Internet and cuttting the costs are the main reasons for the changes in the way the international exchange has been carried out by the Scientific Library in recent years.
Bożenna Wyrozumska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 243 - 247
The collection of underground prints from the Martial Law times in Poland
The article refers to the collection gathered by the author of the present text, mainly „post stamps” which were published underground among other “out of cencorship” publications after the introduction of Martial Law which was proclaimed on the 13th of December 1981. One of the first publications, and maybe even the first one, was an analysis of the legal grounds for the Martial Law, printed with the use of a duplicating machine, signed by the “Jagiellonian University lawyers”. Among those anonymous lawyers was Andrzej Zoll, later the President of the Constitutional Tribunal.
The publishing activity started to flourish quickly in various underground structures. There were fliers, calendars and finally books; postcards and “post stamps” started to be issued. The present collection includes mainly the publications published in Warsaw or those that were brought there. There are also publications from Lublin. In Warsaw one of the collecting points where one could pick “out of censorship” publications was located at Górnośląska Street in the apartment of Mr and Ms Bart; from the Lublin district they were delivered by my husband’s nephew, Jan Dutkiewicz, who was active there. I delivered the underground publications mainly to the Jagiellonian Library, and distributed what was left among friends leaving some part for myself. First of all, I gathered post stamps. Initially, the quality of the print was very primitive, however, it improved later. Sometimes the underground stamps resembled the official ones, published by the state postal service. I put two of those stamps on letters, one to my husband and one to myself. The post office stamped them and the postman delivered them to the addressees.
The complete collection was donated to the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków.
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 249 - 255
Amateur ornithology at the end of the 18 century. A few th words about „Histoire des oiseaux” by François-Nicolas Martinet and its illustrations on the 230 th anniversary of its publication
The article presents one of the modern ornithological works published in the years 1787–1796, Histoire des oiseaux by François-Nicolas Martinet. The engraver produced a compendium constituting part of the history of French illustrated nature encyclopaedias which goes back to the mid-16th century. Consecutive depictions of animals were created in the circles of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Since the mid-17th century its members had compiled various compendia presenting mammals and birds living in the royal menageries. Since around 1765, François-Nicolas Martinet had been hired to create colourful ornithological illustrations for one of such encyclopaedias prepared by Georges Leclerc de Buffon. On the basis of the copperplate engravings made at that time, in 1787 Martinet began to publish his own depictions of birds with descriptions. Produced during the French Revolution, the collection was popular with readers due to its light yet scientific character, but also because of its convinient format. One of the buyers of Histoire des oiseaux was Aleksander Lubomirski whose grandson, Leon Rzewuski, donated six volumes of this compendium to the Cracow Scientific Society in 1865. The book collection of the Society laid the foundations for the collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków.
Jan Motyka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, Rok LXII (2017), 2017, s. 257 - 284
The gift of the engravings for the Print Room in 2016
In 2016 the Print Room of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków enriched itself with the gift of 49 works of eminent Polish modern arists. The gift encompasses the engravings of the established artists of several generations begining with those who started working before WWII and ending with the individualities of the middle generation. They are all connected with Kraków, either through years of studies spent here or their later artistic work. The works include engravings produced by means of various traditional techniques such as endway woodcut, elongated woodcut, linocut, etching, mezzotint, all of them approached by the artists, especially by the young ones, in their individual way. Among the engravings there are a few works produced by means of a technique used/invented by Marian Malina – cellocut.
The individualities discussed here: Bogna Krasnodębska-Gardowska (1900–1986), Jerzy Panek (1918–2001), Marian Malina (1922–1985), Leszek Sobocki (b. 1938), Piotr Kmieć (b. 1949), Małgorzata Żurakowska (b. 1952), Wiesław Skibiński (b. 1961), Hanna Michalska-Baran (b. 1963) and Bogdan Achimescu (b. 1965), may represent different attitudes in their works due to the generation gap, experiences or temperaments, however, they contribute enormously into Polish graphic art of the last few decades. Taking into consideration the fact that the collection of the Print Room, which includes old engravings, is a closed collection, the examples of Polish modern graphic art acquired now seem all the more important.
Data publikacji: 22.02.2017
Redaktor naczelny: Karolina Grodziska
Jerzy Wyrozumski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 9 - 19
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.001.6612
Tolerance is a great social value and a sign of high culture. It is a historical category and not and inborn virtue of an ethos, a nation or a state. We used to emphasise the fact that in the past Poland, in union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was a multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious country. And it was a country without stakes, as Janusz Tazbir said, so at least on the level of state power – tolerant. The beginnings of Polish tolerance date back to much earlier than the beginnings of the Republic of Poland (1569).
The Middle Ages, with their low level of literacy of the society, narrow knowledge of the world and omnipresent Church, which by nature was intolerant towards other beliefs, did not encourage tolerance towards the “different ones”. This quality of being “different”, not accepted or accepted with difficulty, or to be more specific, the attitude of social communities or state power towards it constitutes the essence of tolerance or intolerance as a social phenomenon. In conclusion, on the basis of what has just been said, tolerance, as defined here, can be established either on the level of social groups coming into contact with the “different ones” or on the level of state power as a guarantor of a certain social order.
Excluding the process of Poland’s christianisation, which is a separate issue, the discussion should focus on the establishment of the relations of local communities with the settlers from the west: the Walloons, the Flemish People and the German, and separately the Jews as well. The only thing we know about the Walloons and the Flemish is the fact that they were in Poland and that in the course of time
they must have assimilated with the local people. German settlement was much more important. They settled both in the cities and in the countryside, taking advantage of the privileges and legal protection of the nobility. There were cases of phobias among local people, due to the privileged position of the settlers, language or morality, as in the case of keeping fasts. However, there was no “different” religion,
which eased the conflicts and controversies. Eventually, the assimilation took place, sometimes twoway assimilation. Jewish settlers were a separate issue – different religion, perceived as hostile towards Christianity, and hermetic, impossible to assimilate culture. As the “servants of the monarch’s treasury” they enjoyed special legal protection of the nobility, which was guaranteed by western law adopted in Poland. The first noble to acknowledge it was Duke of Kalisz, Bolesław Pobożny (1264), it was introduced all over Poland by Kazimierz Wielki (1334 and 1364). It was of great importance, however, it did not prevent frequent conflicts, or even routes of Jewish people.
In medieval Poland the attitude of tolerance towards the “different ones” was being build by state authority. King Kazimierz Wielki played a special role in that process. Red Ruthenia, which became part of Poland in 1340, was a great challenge. Its inhabitants, people of various ethnic origins, gained special guarantees of their legal and religious status. Namely, according to the privilege of Magdeburg rights for the city of Lviv the king allowed the Armenians, Jews, Saracens, Ruthenians and others who settled in Lviv (also Tatars) to keep their religious ritual and to be trialed according to their law. That law of king Kazimierz was acknowledged by next rulers from the House of Anjou and Jagiellonian dynasty, which means that it was really adopted. What is more, it can’t have been limited only to Lviv itself. It is certain that the Armenians used their own written law for a long time.
Thus, the beginnings of tolerance in Poland date back to the Middle Ages. It was programmed by state authorities, which upheld it. The union between Poland and Lithuania was built on the foundations that had already by prepared. It is also due to that fact that it became a permanent creation. It is not a coincidence that in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lived more than half of the entire Jewish population.
Elżbieta Knapek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 21 - 35
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.002.6613The beginnings of the parchment documents collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences date back to mid 19th century, that is to the time when the whole library collection started being created. It was established mainly thanks to the endowments donated by the members of the Cracow Scientific Society, later Academy of Arts and Sciences. Apart from that, the benefactors were Cracow’s burghers, clerks, priests, doctors, publicists and even students, there were also landowners. Their names were meticulously registered in the books of endowments to the Cracow Scientific Society from 1856 – 1871 and to the Academy from 1887– 1890. Initially, the parchment diplomas were not separated from the rest of the manuscripts. In 1906 Jan Czubek was preparing a publication of the second part of the Catalogue of the manuscripts belonging to the Academy of Arts and Sciences and he came up with an idea to create a separate collection of parchment documents. Three parchment documents from the 15th and 16th century are very interesting. Until mid 19th century they constituted the covers of the Sieradz land registers. After they were removed from the registers, despite being considerably damaged, they were preserved by an anonymous but provident collector and donated to the Academy of Arts and Sciences and its collection. In 2014 they were restored, so today we can identify two notarial documents and one papal bulla, unknown to the historians.
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 37 - 46
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.003.6614The article analyses a compendium Parnassus medicinalis illustratus published in the years 1662–1663. Prepared by Johann Joachim Becher, the work was a richly illustrated “garden of health” – a collection of pieces of information on healing properties of plants, animals and minerals. An impulse to its publication was a purchase of woodcut blocks by a publisher, Johann Görlin the Elder. The blocks were made for Conrad Gesner and first printed in Pietro Andrea Mattioli’s herbarium published by Joachim Camerarius the Younger in 1586. The prints were considered to have been well done and to be worth using again. They were supplemented with the prints patterned on the 16th-century treatises and prepared in Ulm. The history of the Parnassus woodcuts contributes into the research on the mechanisms of using old natural illustration. It is a rare example of a situation when a publisher came up with an initiative to publish woodcut blocks purchased from Camerarius’s collection and supplemented them with new but old-like illustrations he commissioned and with a text inspired by the medival in form “gardens of health” .
Maciej Ziemierski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 47 - 66
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.004.6615The objective of the present article is to depict the fortunes of the Smołukowski family situated directly at the backstage of Cracow’s establishment from the turn of the 17th and 18th century. It shows the figures of Franciszek Smołukowski (1647–1729), Cracow’s municipal secretary and iron merchant, his wife, Annnée Gloss (around 1670–1735) and their son, Father Jan Smołukowski (around 1702–1739), canon of St. Ann’s Collegiate Church in Cracow. On the basis of their last wills and other materials the family connections have been established, especially those of Ann Smołukowska née Gloss. The Gloss family was related to the representatives of Cracow’s top establishment (the Hallers, the Bartschs) as well as to the families of different religious beliefs which settled in Cracow (inter alia the Gessing family which came from Gdańsk).
Irena Gruchała
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 67 - 90
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.005.6616The books from the household collection of Helena Dąbczańska (1863–1956), a famous Lviv collector, are currently preserved in the Central Library of the Academy of Fine Arts and in the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow. The research into the collection has identified portions of the collection that previously were part of libraries collected in aristocratic households. The current article discusses 90 books that were once in possession of Kordula Potocka (1764 – after 1837), wife of voivode of Bełz, Teodor Potocki (1730–1812). The collection is an example of a library created at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, at a time when upper-class women were increasingly interested in books: they read intensely and created private libraries, in which love stories were being gradually replaced by a variety of fiction and non-fiction. Kordula Potocka’s choice of books reflects cultural developments of the period. As a lady of fashion and a powerful magnate’s wife, she would read books in French published abroad. Like other private libraries during the period of the Partitions of Poland, Potocka’s collection is dominated by works of fiction and books on history. In the former category, many varieties of the novel are represented. The novel, a genre previously despised during the Enlightenment period, in Potocka’s time was developing and gaining wider readership. The novels gathered by Potocka are an accurate representation of this literary development. Another vast category are books concerning events that occurred during Potocka’s lifetime. The chronological range of the collection, the authors’ periods of activity and the presence of many first editions suggest that the volumes in this category are for the most part contemporaneous with current affairs of the period.
Agnieszka Zych-Kwiatkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 91 - 106
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.006.6617
The article presents the most significant book catalogue of a Warsaw printer, bookseller and publisher of the Polish Enlightenment, Piotr Dufour. It also analyses the text structure of the catalogue from the point of view of the content and form of the works that it includes.
The catalogue includes 336 Polish and foreign literary texts including: 164 plays, 139 prose works and 32 poetic works. These texts are dominated by 176 translations from French followed by Polish literature – 92 titles, and translations in: Italian – 24 titles, German – 16 titles, English – 5 titles, Latin – 3 titles and two from Greek and Russian.
It is an assortment catalogue, mostly (95%) presenting book inventories from 1774–1792.
The works discussed in the article, representing Belles-lettres, scientific literature, journalism, religious and popular science literature create a full picture of Piotr Dufour’s activity as a publisher, bookseller and editor.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 107 - 120
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.007.6618Known mainly as the discoverer of Troy, during his numerous travels Schliemann did not skip Egypt. He stayed by the Nile four times (1859, 1864, 1886/1887, 1888) visiting the most important sights with great interest and making purchases for the Berlin collection (Egyptian and Nubian pottery, ancient fabrics). His last two trips were especially important for him. During his last expedition, waiting for the arrival of Rudolph Virchow, at the beginning of February 1888 he conducted archaeological excavations in Alexandria. His objective was to find places where Ptolemaic palaces stood. Obviously he was especially fascinated with Cleopatra VII. Already on the second day, at the depth of 12 metres (!) he found a marble head, which he declared to be Cleopatra’s portrait. The circumstances in which he made that alleged discovery suggest that it was a hoax prepared ahead. When he made his “discovery” he was alone (he employed 36 people, and he was guarded by the representatives of Antiquities Service!). He smuggled his find from Egypt and after his return to Athens deposited it in the Customs Office in order to take it to Berlin without any problems. Presently, “Cleopatra’s head”, declared by the specialists to be an image of Corinna, or rather its Roman copy from the 1st century AD, is exhibited in New Museum in Berlin. This kind of machination is nothing unexpected in Schliemann’s work. It has been proved several times that the same refers to his other “discoveries”. It was confirmed recently by inter alia William M. Calder III and David A. Traill, and in the case of the so called Cleopatra’s head and digs in Alexandria – Wolfgang Schindler.
Stanisław Grodziski, Jacek Żuławski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 121 - 132
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.008.6619Revolutionary atmosphere of the Revolutions of 1848 reached Galicia directly after the bloody events of 1846, thus it was considerably less intense. It was due to the uncertainty about how would peasants react to that revolutionary wave and the fact that numerous local activists either died or dispersed. Despite that, political animation, apart from Cracow and Lviv, reached the Sącz region as well. The present article discusses revolutionary activity on the basis of local source materials preserved in private collections of landowners and representatives of intelligentsia. Those activists (their interesting letters and manuscripts have been preserved) did not aim at armed combat, instead they demanded the abolishment of the privileges of the nobility and serfdom of the peasants and postulated agrarian reform. “National Council of the Sącz District” developed its activity, which later had a big influence on the development of Galicia’s independence.
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 133 - 146
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.009.6620Aleksandra Apolonia Czechówna (1839–1923) was a daughter of Tomasz Czech and Aleksandra née Zielińska. Her Journal of the whole life..., written almost without breaks for almost 68 years (1856– 1923), is kept in the National Archives in Cracow with a reference no 29/1582/1–29/1582/44 (old reference numbers IT 428/1–428/44). It constitutes an excellent source material depicting cultural, social and moral life of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century and two first decades of the 20th century. The development of touring, which nowadays is called tourism, began on the turn of the 18th and 19th century, and Cracow’s suburbs were already famous for their beauty. People eagerly visited Zwierzyniec, Łobzów, Krzeszowice, Czerna, Bielany, Swoszowice, Tyniec or Mogiła. However, Ojców and Wieliczka were considered to be the most worth visiting. Ojców and the valley of the Prądnik River, where it is situated, due to their beautiful nature, Wieliczka because of its salt mine, one of the oldest ones in the world. Together with her parents and sister, Aleksandra Czechówna also went on such excursions. In the summer of 1856 she was in Ojców, Grodzisko and Pieskowa Skała. Next year, in October, on the day of the miners’ celebrations, she went to the Wieliczka salt mines. The text presented includes colourful accounts, full of delight, written after her return home by then young Aleksandra Czechówna. Picturesque and full of charm views of Ojców’s neighbourhood and mysterious, sometimes fairytale-like underground tunnels of the mine stimulated her vivid ima- gination. The text comes from two subsequent volumes of Aleksandra Czechówna’s Journal: volume 1, refernece no 29/1582/1 (old reference no IT 428/1) and from volume 2, refrence no 29/1582/2 (old reference no IT 428/2).
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 147 - 160
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.010.6621The article refers to the material from the manuscript collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow – a text by a poet, publicist and journalist, Zdzisław Kleszczyński (1889 – 1938) The Prologue for the Warsaw theatres for the 3rd of May 1916 written on the 125th anniversary of the Constitution. It includes the analysis of the work, information about the author and the circumstances of its creation and performance. The article is supplemented with an appendix – a scientific and critical publication of The Prologue. The Prologue was performed on the 3rd of May 1916 in the Rozmaitości Theatre in Warsaw before four stage productions of The Return of the Envoy by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. Between The Prologue by Kleszczyński and the comedy of the Enlightenment age people sang God Save Poland.
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 161 - 182
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.011.6622The present installment in the series aiming at the identification, reconstruction, and presentation of Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow focuses on three letters and one picture post card written and sent respectively in February, March, April, and July 1906 to Piłsudski by Ms. Kōko Sōmiya, a sister of charity in the Japanese Red Cross Society, a resident of Yokohama who had served Russian POW camps following the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese war. The letters are written in Cyrillic characters in sort of a Russo-Japanese pidgin with the proportion between Russian and Japanese language material gradually (and chronologically) changing with each item in favor of the latter: while the lexicon of the first item is almost entirely Russian and quasiRussian, the lexicon of the fourth item is almost entirely Japanese. The ppc comes from the famous (now especially among collectors) firm Kamigataya of Ginza, Tokyo, and depicts a doll arrangement for the annual March 3 “doll (or girls’) festival (hinamatsuri). As a principle, the original manuscript text has been retransliterated into print fonts, Japanese-language fragments provided with the standard Hepburn transliteration and with a reconstruction in current Japanese characters (kanji-kana majiribun). Actually, the correspondence remained incomprehensible without its situational context until a lucky instance of discovering Piłsudski’s own 1908 newspaper article describing his personal contacts with Ms. Somiya centering round the problems of emancipation of women in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century and mixed Japanese-foreign marriage perspectives. The present paper (a by-product of research project The fifth volume of The Collected Works of Bronisław Piłsudski (CWBP-5) – Mate- rials for the Study of the Nivhgu Language and Folklore – preparation for publication and completion of the five(-six)-volume edition financially supported by the National Center of Academic Research (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) in Cracow grant 2012/07/B/HS2/00461) republishes the article in question and ends with commented translations of the four pieces of correspondence into Polish.
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 183 - 194
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.012.66232016 marks the 170th birthday and 100th death anniversary of Henryk Sienkiewicz. On this occasion The Senate of Poland proclaimed 2016 the year of Sienkiewicz. In the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences there are a lot of materials connected with the writer, the majority of them studied and published. There are bio- bibliographi- cal materials; especially interesting are his letters to private people and to institutions. A very valuable item is the manuscript of the “Letters from Africa” from the “Czas” (a daily newspaper) files. Sienkiewicz is referred to in the memoirs of Felicja Kęszycka-Schnayder, who describes her meeting with the writer in Switzerland and later his funeral. Sienkiewicz and his work was also the subject of the studies of Józef Marian Święcicki, Benedykt Filipowicz or Józef Tretiak. An example of the writer’s interest in fine arts are his pencil drawings- sketches. The Library possesses also numerous photographs of Henryk Sienkiewcz. What is more, in Father Jan Fijałek’s collection there are numerous newspaper clips referring to Sienkiewicz giving an insight into his life and work. Sienkiewicz’s links with the Academy of Arts and Sciences should also be mentioned. He was a founder of Maria Sienkiewicz née Szetkiewicz (his wife) scholarship that was administrated by the Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 195 - 238
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.013.6624The text includes a passage from a diary of a Lviv journalist, Michalina Grekowicz-Hausner (1891– 1967), daughter of Józef Grekowicz, a well known commander in the January Uprising. She graduated from the Teachers College in Lviv, she did not acquire university education. She started her journalist work in 1917; she published articles in a few Lviv newspapers, she was also a speaker in the Lviv City Council, where she worked in the City Committee of Winter Help to the Unemployed. During the war she managed to avoid the fate of tens of thousands Poles and she was not exiled to Siberia or Kazakhstan. In 1946, together with her husband, she made a painful decision to expatriate from Lviv. They first moved to Szczecin, then to Cracow. She continued publishing in Szczecin’s and Cracow’s newspapers and at the same time worked in the Municipal Public Library in Cracow and wrote two (unpublished so far) books: a biography of Józef Grekowicz “Trough the daughter’s eyes” and her own diary “A Me- mory”. Their typewritten copies were bought in 1973 and 1976 for our Library. The passage from the “Memories” presented here refers to a life journey made by Michalina Grekowicz- Hausner in the summer of 1927. She used the scholarship that she was granted by the Ministry of Culture and Art to pay for her trip to Switzerland. The outcome of the travel which included Basel, Geneva, Chamonix, Vevey, Montreux, Chillon, Lucerne, Bern, Zurich and Rapperswil is the text pre- sently discussed. Apart from obvious praises of the country and its beauty, the author, of her professional interest, focuses on charity institutions, care centres, sanatoria and orphanages. The trip also resulted in numerous press reports in the Lviv and Warsaw newspapers.
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 239 - 248
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.014.6625The manuscript heritage of Professor Marian Tyrowicz is preserved in three Cracow’s institutions: The Archives of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences and in the Library of the History Department of the Pedagogical University. His materials are also preserved in the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław. Marian Tyrowicz (1901–1989) was a historian, teacher of secondary schools, university lecturer, since 1955 he had worked in the Pedagogical College in Cracow. His research covered universal history and history of Poland of the 19th century, he was an archivist, newspaper expert, source materials editor and author of many publications and articles. The biggest amount in volume (about 20 metres of files) belongs to the Pedagogical University due to Professor Tyrowicz’s strongest connection with it. The files were purchased from the widow, Regina Tyrowicz, in 1990. This heritage has not been fully inventoried. The materials of Professor Tyrowicz in the Archives of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences were endowed by Professor himself in 1976. After being rearranged, 29 files were acquired and 66 files were passed by the widow in 1990. The Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences possess Iconographic Files of Professor Marian Tyrowicz, purchased in 1988. They encompass 11 thick volumes, and the other 3 are in the files. Professor Tyrowicz’s scientific correspondence is kept in the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław. The manuscript heritage of Professor Marian Tyrowicz serves the researches of many branches of science connected with the issues that he was preoccupied with all his life.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 249 - 272
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 273 - 276
Elżbieta Knapek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 277 - 282
Joanna Brońka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 283 - 290
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 249 - 272
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 273 - 276
Elżbieta Knapek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 277 - 282
Joanna Brońka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 283 - 290
Jerzy Wyrozumski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 9 - 19
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.001.6612
Tolerance is a great social value and a sign of high culture. It is a historical category and not and inborn virtue of an ethos, a nation or a state. We used to emphasise the fact that in the past Poland, in union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was a multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious country. And it was a country without stakes, as Janusz Tazbir said, so at least on the level of state power – tolerant. The beginnings of Polish tolerance date back to much earlier than the beginnings of the Republic of Poland (1569).
The Middle Ages, with their low level of literacy of the society, narrow knowledge of the world and omnipresent Church, which by nature was intolerant towards other beliefs, did not encourage tolerance towards the “different ones”. This quality of being “different”, not accepted or accepted with difficulty, or to be more specific, the attitude of social communities or state power towards it constitutes the essence of tolerance or intolerance as a social phenomenon. In conclusion, on the basis of what has just been said, tolerance, as defined here, can be established either on the level of social groups coming into contact with the “different ones” or on the level of state power as a guarantor of a certain social order.
Excluding the process of Poland’s christianisation, which is a separate issue, the discussion should focus on the establishment of the relations of local communities with the settlers from the west: the Walloons, the Flemish People and the German, and separately the Jews as well. The only thing we know about the Walloons and the Flemish is the fact that they were in Poland and that in the course of time
they must have assimilated with the local people. German settlement was much more important. They settled both in the cities and in the countryside, taking advantage of the privileges and legal protection of the nobility. There were cases of phobias among local people, due to the privileged position of the settlers, language or morality, as in the case of keeping fasts. However, there was no “different” religion,
which eased the conflicts and controversies. Eventually, the assimilation took place, sometimes twoway assimilation. Jewish settlers were a separate issue – different religion, perceived as hostile towards Christianity, and hermetic, impossible to assimilate culture. As the “servants of the monarch’s treasury” they enjoyed special legal protection of the nobility, which was guaranteed by western law adopted in Poland. The first noble to acknowledge it was Duke of Kalisz, Bolesław Pobożny (1264), it was introduced all over Poland by Kazimierz Wielki (1334 and 1364). It was of great importance, however, it did not prevent frequent conflicts, or even routes of Jewish people.
In medieval Poland the attitude of tolerance towards the “different ones” was being build by state authority. King Kazimierz Wielki played a special role in that process. Red Ruthenia, which became part of Poland in 1340, was a great challenge. Its inhabitants, people of various ethnic origins, gained special guarantees of their legal and religious status. Namely, according to the privilege of Magdeburg rights for the city of Lviv the king allowed the Armenians, Jews, Saracens, Ruthenians and others who settled in Lviv (also Tatars) to keep their religious ritual and to be trialed according to their law. That law of king Kazimierz was acknowledged by next rulers from the House of Anjou and Jagiellonian dynasty, which means that it was really adopted. What is more, it can’t have been limited only to Lviv itself. It is certain that the Armenians used their own written law for a long time.
Thus, the beginnings of tolerance in Poland date back to the Middle Ages. It was programmed by state authorities, which upheld it. The union between Poland and Lithuania was built on the foundations that had already by prepared. It is also due to that fact that it became a permanent creation. It is not a coincidence that in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lived more than half of the entire Jewish population.
Elżbieta Knapek
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 21 - 35
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.002.6613The beginnings of the parchment documents collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences date back to mid 19th century, that is to the time when the whole library collection started being created. It was established mainly thanks to the endowments donated by the members of the Cracow Scientific Society, later Academy of Arts and Sciences. Apart from that, the benefactors were Cracow’s burghers, clerks, priests, doctors, publicists and even students, there were also landowners. Their names were meticulously registered in the books of endowments to the Cracow Scientific Society from 1856 – 1871 and to the Academy from 1887– 1890. Initially, the parchment diplomas were not separated from the rest of the manuscripts. In 1906 Jan Czubek was preparing a publication of the second part of the Catalogue of the manuscripts belonging to the Academy of Arts and Sciences and he came up with an idea to create a separate collection of parchment documents. Three parchment documents from the 15th and 16th century are very interesting. Until mid 19th century they constituted the covers of the Sieradz land registers. After they were removed from the registers, despite being considerably damaged, they were preserved by an anonymous but provident collector and donated to the Academy of Arts and Sciences and its collection. In 2014 they were restored, so today we can identify two notarial documents and one papal bulla, unknown to the historians.
Julia Czapla
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 37 - 46
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.003.6614The article analyses a compendium Parnassus medicinalis illustratus published in the years 1662–1663. Prepared by Johann Joachim Becher, the work was a richly illustrated “garden of health” – a collection of pieces of information on healing properties of plants, animals and minerals. An impulse to its publication was a purchase of woodcut blocks by a publisher, Johann Görlin the Elder. The blocks were made for Conrad Gesner and first printed in Pietro Andrea Mattioli’s herbarium published by Joachim Camerarius the Younger in 1586. The prints were considered to have been well done and to be worth using again. They were supplemented with the prints patterned on the 16th-century treatises and prepared in Ulm. The history of the Parnassus woodcuts contributes into the research on the mechanisms of using old natural illustration. It is a rare example of a situation when a publisher came up with an initiative to publish woodcut blocks purchased from Camerarius’s collection and supplemented them with new but old-like illustrations he commissioned and with a text inspired by the medival in form “gardens of health” .
Maciej Ziemierski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 47 - 66
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.004.6615The objective of the present article is to depict the fortunes of the Smołukowski family situated directly at the backstage of Cracow’s establishment from the turn of the 17th and 18th century. It shows the figures of Franciszek Smołukowski (1647–1729), Cracow’s municipal secretary and iron merchant, his wife, Annnée Gloss (around 1670–1735) and their son, Father Jan Smołukowski (around 1702–1739), canon of St. Ann’s Collegiate Church in Cracow. On the basis of their last wills and other materials the family connections have been established, especially those of Ann Smołukowska née Gloss. The Gloss family was related to the representatives of Cracow’s top establishment (the Hallers, the Bartschs) as well as to the families of different religious beliefs which settled in Cracow (inter alia the Gessing family which came from Gdańsk).
Irena Gruchała
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 67 - 90
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.005.6616The books from the household collection of Helena Dąbczańska (1863–1956), a famous Lviv collector, are currently preserved in the Central Library of the Academy of Fine Arts and in the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow. The research into the collection has identified portions of the collection that previously were part of libraries collected in aristocratic households. The current article discusses 90 books that were once in possession of Kordula Potocka (1764 – after 1837), wife of voivode of Bełz, Teodor Potocki (1730–1812). The collection is an example of a library created at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, at a time when upper-class women were increasingly interested in books: they read intensely and created private libraries, in which love stories were being gradually replaced by a variety of fiction and non-fiction. Kordula Potocka’s choice of books reflects cultural developments of the period. As a lady of fashion and a powerful magnate’s wife, she would read books in French published abroad. Like other private libraries during the period of the Partitions of Poland, Potocka’s collection is dominated by works of fiction and books on history. In the former category, many varieties of the novel are represented. The novel, a genre previously despised during the Enlightenment period, in Potocka’s time was developing and gaining wider readership. The novels gathered by Potocka are an accurate representation of this literary development. Another vast category are books concerning events that occurred during Potocka’s lifetime. The chronological range of the collection, the authors’ periods of activity and the presence of many first editions suggest that the volumes in this category are for the most part contemporaneous with current affairs of the period.
Agnieszka Zych-Kwiatkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 91 - 106
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.006.6617
The article presents the most significant book catalogue of a Warsaw printer, bookseller and publisher of the Polish Enlightenment, Piotr Dufour. It also analyses the text structure of the catalogue from the point of view of the content and form of the works that it includes.
The catalogue includes 336 Polish and foreign literary texts including: 164 plays, 139 prose works and 32 poetic works. These texts are dominated by 176 translations from French followed by Polish literature – 92 titles, and translations in: Italian – 24 titles, German – 16 titles, English – 5 titles, Latin – 3 titles and two from Greek and Russian.
It is an assortment catalogue, mostly (95%) presenting book inventories from 1774–1792.
The works discussed in the article, representing Belles-lettres, scientific literature, journalism, religious and popular science literature create a full picture of Piotr Dufour’s activity as a publisher, bookseller and editor.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 107 - 120
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.007.6618Known mainly as the discoverer of Troy, during his numerous travels Schliemann did not skip Egypt. He stayed by the Nile four times (1859, 1864, 1886/1887, 1888) visiting the most important sights with great interest and making purchases for the Berlin collection (Egyptian and Nubian pottery, ancient fabrics). His last two trips were especially important for him. During his last expedition, waiting for the arrival of Rudolph Virchow, at the beginning of February 1888 he conducted archaeological excavations in Alexandria. His objective was to find places where Ptolemaic palaces stood. Obviously he was especially fascinated with Cleopatra VII. Already on the second day, at the depth of 12 metres (!) he found a marble head, which he declared to be Cleopatra’s portrait. The circumstances in which he made that alleged discovery suggest that it was a hoax prepared ahead. When he made his “discovery” he was alone (he employed 36 people, and he was guarded by the representatives of Antiquities Service!). He smuggled his find from Egypt and after his return to Athens deposited it in the Customs Office in order to take it to Berlin without any problems. Presently, “Cleopatra’s head”, declared by the specialists to be an image of Corinna, or rather its Roman copy from the 1st century AD, is exhibited in New Museum in Berlin. This kind of machination is nothing unexpected in Schliemann’s work. It has been proved several times that the same refers to his other “discoveries”. It was confirmed recently by inter alia William M. Calder III and David A. Traill, and in the case of the so called Cleopatra’s head and digs in Alexandria – Wolfgang Schindler.
Stanisław Grodziski, Jacek Żuławski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 121 - 132
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.008.6619Revolutionary atmosphere of the Revolutions of 1848 reached Galicia directly after the bloody events of 1846, thus it was considerably less intense. It was due to the uncertainty about how would peasants react to that revolutionary wave and the fact that numerous local activists either died or dispersed. Despite that, political animation, apart from Cracow and Lviv, reached the Sącz region as well. The present article discusses revolutionary activity on the basis of local source materials preserved in private collections of landowners and representatives of intelligentsia. Those activists (their interesting letters and manuscripts have been preserved) did not aim at armed combat, instead they demanded the abolishment of the privileges of the nobility and serfdom of the peasants and postulated agrarian reform. “National Council of the Sącz District” developed its activity, which later had a big influence on the development of Galicia’s independence.
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 133 - 146
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.009.6620Aleksandra Apolonia Czechówna (1839–1923) was a daughter of Tomasz Czech and Aleksandra née Zielińska. Her Journal of the whole life..., written almost without breaks for almost 68 years (1856– 1923), is kept in the National Archives in Cracow with a reference no 29/1582/1–29/1582/44 (old reference numbers IT 428/1–428/44). It constitutes an excellent source material depicting cultural, social and moral life of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century and two first decades of the 20th century. The development of touring, which nowadays is called tourism, began on the turn of the 18th and 19th century, and Cracow’s suburbs were already famous for their beauty. People eagerly visited Zwierzyniec, Łobzów, Krzeszowice, Czerna, Bielany, Swoszowice, Tyniec or Mogiła. However, Ojców and Wieliczka were considered to be the most worth visiting. Ojców and the valley of the Prądnik River, where it is situated, due to their beautiful nature, Wieliczka because of its salt mine, one of the oldest ones in the world. Together with her parents and sister, Aleksandra Czechówna also went on such excursions. In the summer of 1856 she was in Ojców, Grodzisko and Pieskowa Skała. Next year, in October, on the day of the miners’ celebrations, she went to the Wieliczka salt mines. The text presented includes colourful accounts, full of delight, written after her return home by then young Aleksandra Czechówna. Picturesque and full of charm views of Ojców’s neighbourhood and mysterious, sometimes fairytale-like underground tunnels of the mine stimulated her vivid ima- gination. The text comes from two subsequent volumes of Aleksandra Czechówna’s Journal: volume 1, refernece no 29/1582/1 (old reference no IT 428/1) and from volume 2, refrence no 29/1582/2 (old reference no IT 428/2).
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 147 - 160
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.010.6621The article refers to the material from the manuscript collection of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow – a text by a poet, publicist and journalist, Zdzisław Kleszczyński (1889 – 1938) The Prologue for the Warsaw theatres for the 3rd of May 1916 written on the 125th anniversary of the Constitution. It includes the analysis of the work, information about the author and the circumstances of its creation and performance. The article is supplemented with an appendix – a scientific and critical publication of The Prologue. The Prologue was performed on the 3rd of May 1916 in the Rozmaitości Theatre in Warsaw before four stage productions of The Return of the Envoy by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. Between The Prologue by Kleszczyński and the comedy of the Enlightenment age people sang God Save Poland.
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 161 - 182
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.011.6622The present installment in the series aiming at the identification, reconstruction, and presentation of Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow focuses on three letters and one picture post card written and sent respectively in February, March, April, and July 1906 to Piłsudski by Ms. Kōko Sōmiya, a sister of charity in the Japanese Red Cross Society, a resident of Yokohama who had served Russian POW camps following the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese war. The letters are written in Cyrillic characters in sort of a Russo-Japanese pidgin with the proportion between Russian and Japanese language material gradually (and chronologically) changing with each item in favor of the latter: while the lexicon of the first item is almost entirely Russian and quasiRussian, the lexicon of the fourth item is almost entirely Japanese. The ppc comes from the famous (now especially among collectors) firm Kamigataya of Ginza, Tokyo, and depicts a doll arrangement for the annual March 3 “doll (or girls’) festival (hinamatsuri). As a principle, the original manuscript text has been retransliterated into print fonts, Japanese-language fragments provided with the standard Hepburn transliteration and with a reconstruction in current Japanese characters (kanji-kana majiribun). Actually, the correspondence remained incomprehensible without its situational context until a lucky instance of discovering Piłsudski’s own 1908 newspaper article describing his personal contacts with Ms. Somiya centering round the problems of emancipation of women in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century and mixed Japanese-foreign marriage perspectives. The present paper (a by-product of research project The fifth volume of The Collected Works of Bronisław Piłsudski (CWBP-5) – Mate- rials for the Study of the Nivhgu Language and Folklore – preparation for publication and completion of the five(-six)-volume edition financially supported by the National Center of Academic Research (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) in Cracow grant 2012/07/B/HS2/00461) republishes the article in question and ends with commented translations of the four pieces of correspondence into Polish.
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 183 - 194
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.012.66232016 marks the 170th birthday and 100th death anniversary of Henryk Sienkiewicz. On this occasion The Senate of Poland proclaimed 2016 the year of Sienkiewicz. In the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences there are a lot of materials connected with the writer, the majority of them studied and published. There are bio- bibliographi- cal materials; especially interesting are his letters to private people and to institutions. A very valuable item is the manuscript of the “Letters from Africa” from the “Czas” (a daily newspaper) files. Sienkiewicz is referred to in the memoirs of Felicja Kęszycka-Schnayder, who describes her meeting with the writer in Switzerland and later his funeral. Sienkiewicz and his work was also the subject of the studies of Józef Marian Święcicki, Benedykt Filipowicz or Józef Tretiak. An example of the writer’s interest in fine arts are his pencil drawings- sketches. The Library possesses also numerous photographs of Henryk Sienkiewcz. What is more, in Father Jan Fijałek’s collection there are numerous newspaper clips referring to Sienkiewicz giving an insight into his life and work. Sienkiewicz’s links with the Academy of Arts and Sciences should also be mentioned. He was a founder of Maria Sienkiewicz née Szetkiewicz (his wife) scholarship that was administrated by the Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 195 - 238
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.013.6624The text includes a passage from a diary of a Lviv journalist, Michalina Grekowicz-Hausner (1891– 1967), daughter of Józef Grekowicz, a well known commander in the January Uprising. She graduated from the Teachers College in Lviv, she did not acquire university education. She started her journalist work in 1917; she published articles in a few Lviv newspapers, she was also a speaker in the Lviv City Council, where she worked in the City Committee of Winter Help to the Unemployed. During the war she managed to avoid the fate of tens of thousands Poles and she was not exiled to Siberia or Kazakhstan. In 1946, together with her husband, she made a painful decision to expatriate from Lviv. They first moved to Szczecin, then to Cracow. She continued publishing in Szczecin’s and Cracow’s newspapers and at the same time worked in the Municipal Public Library in Cracow and wrote two (unpublished so far) books: a biography of Józef Grekowicz “Trough the daughter’s eyes” and her own diary “A Me- mory”. Their typewritten copies were bought in 1973 and 1976 for our Library. The passage from the “Memories” presented here refers to a life journey made by Michalina Grekowicz- Hausner in the summer of 1927. She used the scholarship that she was granted by the Ministry of Culture and Art to pay for her trip to Switzerland. The outcome of the travel which included Basel, Geneva, Chamonix, Vevey, Montreux, Chillon, Lucerne, Bern, Zurich and Rapperswil is the text pre- sently discussed. Apart from obvious praises of the country and its beauty, the author, of her professional interest, focuses on charity institutions, care centres, sanatoria and orphanages. The trip also resulted in numerous press reports in the Lviv and Warsaw newspapers.
Ewa Danowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2016, 2016, s. 239 - 248
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.16.014.6625The manuscript heritage of Professor Marian Tyrowicz is preserved in three Cracow’s institutions: The Archives of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences and in the Library of the History Department of the Pedagogical University. His materials are also preserved in the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław. Marian Tyrowicz (1901–1989) was a historian, teacher of secondary schools, university lecturer, since 1955 he had worked in the Pedagogical College in Cracow. His research covered universal history and history of Poland of the 19th century, he was an archivist, newspaper expert, source materials editor and author of many publications and articles. The biggest amount in volume (about 20 metres of files) belongs to the Pedagogical University due to Professor Tyrowicz’s strongest connection with it. The files were purchased from the widow, Regina Tyrowicz, in 1990. This heritage has not been fully inventoried. The materials of Professor Tyrowicz in the Archives of Science of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences were endowed by Professor himself in 1976. After being rearranged, 29 files were acquired and 66 files were passed by the widow in 1990. The Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences possess Iconographic Files of Professor Marian Tyrowicz, purchased in 1988. They encompass 11 thick volumes, and the other 3 are in the files. Professor Tyrowicz’s scientific correspondence is kept in the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław. The manuscript heritage of Professor Marian Tyrowicz serves the researches of many branches of science connected with the issues that he was preoccupied with all his life.
Data publikacji: 18.05.2016
Redaktor naczelny: Karolina Grodziska
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 9 - 18
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.001.6593Józef Łepkowski (1826–1894), in 1866 founder of the first Prehistoric Archeology Department at the Cracow University, also established the Archeological Room (1968), the predecessor of the present Museum of the Jagiellonian University. However, much earlier Łepkowski had become an active cooperator of the Cracow Scientific Society (in 1847), and since 1852 he had been its member. In the years 1858 and 1861 he held the position of the Secretary of the Archeology and Fine Arts Department, in the years 1862–1870 he was its vice – chairman. One of the issues he paid a lot of attention to was the protection of archeological and historical monuments, providing proper means and facilities and ensuring the fact that they would be used in scientific research, and later as educational material at university. Fulfilling his task, in 1859 Łepkowski found himself in Kielce where he was to compile a catalogue of the archeological part of Tomasz Zieliński’s collection. Tomasz Zieliński, an eminent collector of art, died in 1858. The catalogue entitled The Collection of Late Tomasz Zieliński in Kielce. The Antiquities Department, written by Łepkowski, was published in print already in 1860. The oriental and classical antiquities (pp. 1–6) include 16 items (part II, much more numerous, encompasses “Pagan and Slavic Antiquities”). The information included in this catalogue constitutes an important source which is very useful in reconstructing the history of some of the ancient monuments, or establishing their provenience. It turned out that some of the objects had been passed to Zieliński’s collection from the collection of Michał Sołtyk (1742–1815). What is more, sometimes the circumstances in which they were found or purchased are described. Łepkowski persuaded Duke Władysław Czartoryski to buy a considerable number of the ancient objects from Zieliński’s collection and after some time (1871–1872) he acquired most of them as Duke’s gift for the University Archeological Room (now the collection of the Faculty of Archeology of the Jagiellonian University). Thanks to Łepkowski’s catalogue, published in 1860, four Egyptian objects have been identified (a granite statuette, a bronze figurine of Osiris, an ushabti figurine, a lime stele from the period of the New Kingdom of Egypt) and a marble relief with the image of Attis, not to mention some other objects of a lesser display significance (e.g. olive lamps).
Zofia Rydlewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 19 - 27
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.002.6594Konstanty Tyszkiewicz, son of Pius and Augusta née Plater, was born in Łohojsk in 1806. Influenced by his brother Eustachy, he got interested in archeology, conducting research within the area of old castles and digging into kurgans. He established a museum in the Łohojsk palace, in which, apart from the objects from his digs, he gathered a rich collection of art and a valuable archive. He is the author of a few works based mainly on his own archeological and ethnographic research. In the interest of modernization of his estate, he introduced new solutions in soil cultivation and established factories and a bank. In 1858, he visited Cracow and got in touch with the Cracow archeologists, inter alia with J. Łepkowski. In the following years he made several donations to the Cracow Scientific Society. In 1860, he was appointed a member correspondent of the Cracow Scientific Society. He died in Minsk in 1868.
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 29 - 40
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.003.6595Aleksandra Apolonia Czechówna (1839–1923) was a daughter of Tomasz Czech and Aleksandra née Zielińska. Her Diary of the entire life... written for 65 years (1856–1923) without almost any breaks is kept in National Archives in Cracow, reference number 29/428/1–29/428/44 (previous reference numbers IT 428/1–428/44). It is an excellent source depicting cultural, social and moral life in the city of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century and during the first two decades of the 20th century as it includes the accounts of the author’s everyday life as well as the information about the celebrations, national ceremonies or the jubilees of the meritorious people. The passage presented below comes from the successive two volumes of Aleksandra Czechówna’s Diary, volume 4 and volume 5. It includes the entries in which the author describes the exhibition of the antiquities which she visited. Organised by the Cracow Scientific Society in September 1858, the exhibition of antiquities and art monuments became a big cultural event, not only for Cracow but also for the entire partitioned country. It gained unabated interest of the local public, but also of the fellow – countrymen coming from abroad. Initially, the visitors had access to the hall and three rooms on the first floor. As more and more exhibits were being brought, gradually more rooms were being opened. Eventually the exhibition was held in six rooms and a large vestibule. It was also decided to prolong it – till the 8th of January 1859. At that time Aleksandra Czechówna was almost 19. Together with her sister Izabela she participated in Cracow’s social and cultural life. Thus, it does not come as a surprise that Aleksandra and her family visited the exhibition of antiquities. She saw the exhibition twice. For the first time just after its opening and then, when it was enriched with new objects, right before its closing.
Ewa Niedziałkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 41 - 48
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.004.6596In the early period of its activity, the Cracow Scientific Society passed the numerous gifts it obtained to the University Library. However, since 1856 they remained in the Society and the newly established library. In the course of years the cartographic collection grew bigger; however, its size was not known until 1912 when it encompassed “760 numbers”. Undoubtedly, the atlases and maps gathered came mainly from the donations. Donors passed them from Cracow and its neighbourhood, Galicia, Lviv, Warsaw, Paris, Vienna and other places. They were librarians, booksellers, archivists, builders, members of the Cracow Scientific Society and sympathizers, common people and generals, people who cared for culture and science. All this proves that the Cracow Scientific Society extended over a vast area, far beyond the boarders of the partition and deeply anchored in the conscience of the society.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 49 - 62
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.005.6597
The botanic studies carried out in the Tatra Mountains, especially on the northern slopes situated on the Polish side of this mountain range, inspired by the Cracow Scientific Society, and later by the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, impress with their size and thematic range. This issue should become a subject matter of an extensive monograph, even if it would be for the contribution of both Cracow institutions into the work of scientific exploration of the highest range of the Carpathian Mountains.
The present article provides a historical outline of these issues but does not exhaust the topic. The content of the article is arranged according to the subject matter and chronology.
The biggest contribution was made by the Physiographic Committee and its Botanic Section. The scientists carried out field research, often in very hard conditions, and compiled the collection. They concentrated on the issues connected with, inter alia, floristics, bryology, lichenology and mycology, through several years phytophenological observations were carried out. Thanks to the scientists and private donors, the botanic collection of the Cracow Scientific Society was considerably enriched and later passed by the Society to the museum collection of the Academy.
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 63 - 68
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.006.6598
In 1859, Pelagia Morelowska, a widow of a head teacher and member of the Cracow Scientific Society, bestowed upon the collection of the Society an oil portrait of Jędrzej Kitowicz (1728–1804), a famous historical writer, diarist, participant in the Bar Confederation, finally – a clergyman and longterm parson in Rzeczyca. At present the portrait is kept in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow and in 2013 underwent a complete restoration conducted by Małgorzata Chmielewska, a restorer from the Czartoryski Museum. The article presents the history of the portrait of Kitowicz, which Pelagia Morelowska inherited from her mother Apolonia Dunin Brzezińska. Apolonia was a granddaughter of Jedrzej Kitowicz’s sister.
Thus, through four generations of women from the family of Jedrzej Kitowicz, the portrait passed to the Cracow Scientific Society, which gave rise to the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2015 we celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Society and so does the present text describing the history of one of the early bestowments.
Rita Majkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 69 - 73
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.007.6599December 2015 marks the 200th anniversary of the foundation of Cracow Scientific Society. Adopted by the Board of Rectors of Cracow Academy, the first statute of the Society, closely connected with the university in the early stages of its existence, was approved 200 years ago – on the 9th of December 1815 by the authorities of the Republic of Cracow. Kept in the Archive of Science of Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, preserved almost intact, the archival material of one of the first scientific societies founded on Polish lands, due to its completeness, constitutes a unique fonds. Thus, the objective of the actions of the archivists, initiated over 50 years ago, has been to grant the researchers the fullest possible access to the archival legacy of the Society, and now in a digital form on-line share it with the broadest possible circle of recipients. At the same time, due to the digitization programme (combined with the conservation) it will be possible to prevent these precious materials from deteriorating. The article describes the road from the first works of Danuta Rederowa, the author of the inventory of the records of the Society, to the ongoing actions to digitize the unique archival materials and create a new version of the inventory in a digital form.
Maciej Ziemierski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 75 - 107
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.008.6600This article presents the figure of Józef Bartłomiej Gherardyni (1681–1743), Cracow merchant and member of the Cracow patriciate. It also describes an interesting history of a Polish branch of the family whose roots went way back to Florence in Tuscany. Basing on his last will and an inventory, completed with the information from other sources, it was possible to retrace the alliances of the Polish branch of the Gherardyni family whose representatives, although not in any Cracow municipal offices themselves, allied with the families belonging to Cracow’s power elite and with the representatives of the nobility. In addition, the article discusses a very fast process of the polonisation of the Polish branch of the Gherardyni family whose third generation – the children of Józef Bartłomiej Gherardyni – could not speak the language of Petrarch and Boccaccio.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 109 - 126
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.009.6601
Thanks to his exploratory studies, Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) is believed to be the father of two disciplines of science: classical archaeology and art history. He was mainly interested in Greek art which he put on the pedestal of the highest perfection, naming it an unattainable model of excellence. He was the first to show the past of art as a historical process, and through the application of the category of style enabled setting the artistic phenomena in a specific context, also chronological. It was Winckelmann who shaped the method and language of the description of the work of art, until today an essential element of our set of scientific tools and methods. The book that established his fame and strengthened his achievement is a ground-breaking Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (Dresden 1764). In Poland he was admired by Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755–1821), a lover of antique and collector, who in order to acquire original antiques carried out digs in Italy. Potocki’s great contribution is sharing Winckelmann’s main work with Polish readers in the form of an artistic adaptation entitled On the art of the ancient or Polish Winckelmann (Warszawa 1815).
From 1755 Winckelmann stayed in Rome, from 1758 as a librarian and a guardian of Cardinal Alessandro Albani’s collection. In 1763 he took over the duties of commisario delle antichitá della camera apostolica and the office of scriptor lingue teutonicae in the Vatican Library. In the spring of 1768 Winckelmann decided to go to Germany, his mother country, which he had left a couple of years before. At a certain moment of his journey he suffered from some kind of a psychological breakdown and he decided to immediately return to Rome. However, he managed (via Münich and Regensburg) to visit Vienna, where he was received with honours by the Empress Maria Theresa. From Vienna he irrevocably set off on a journey back to Rome. On the 1st of June 1768 he reached Trieste with the intention to get to Ancona by ship and then follow the overland route to Rome. Despite the hurry, in view of lack of a suitable connection, he was forced to spend a whole week in Trieste waiting for a ship. Unfortunately, on the 8th of June he was brutally murdered in a hotel room. The motives of the murder have never been found out. It is not known whether it was a random robbery murder, or an element of a big conspiracy in which Winckelmann was entangled in Vienna, or whether there was a homoerotic background to the crime.
Wickelmann’s body was buried in Trieste, in a common grave of one of the religious fraternities. Thus, when, on the initiative of Domenico Rosetti (1774–1842), the inhabitants of Trieste decided to honour Wickelmann in a proper manner, the only possible way to do it was to erect a cenotaph. After many efforts, a proper monument, designed by Antonio Bosa (1780–1845), was placed in Orto Lapidario near San Giusto Cathedral, initially in a special niche (1832), then in a Corinthian temple, also functioning as glyptothek (1934). This building was renovated in the 90s of the 20th century. This is the present state of the complex housing Winckelmann’s monument, located in the upper part of the Trieste lapidarium (Civico Museo di Storia ed Arte – Orto Lapidario).
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 127 - 143
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.010.6602Manuscript notes of Julian Aleksander Bałaszewicz (born 1831 – the earliest date of death 1877) on the theatre repertoire staged in Warsaw in the period prior to the outbreak of the January Uprising and during the Uprising, available in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, are published as a source material. In 1861 the author of the manuscript became a spy for the Russian authorities and an instigator operating in the circles of Polish and Russian immigrants in Paris and later London. In the latter he ran an antique shop with historic objects. He passed the acquired information to his superiors in his espionage reports. He recorded the titles of the plays staged in Warsaw in three lists: years 1862, 1863, 1864. In his lists he mentioned premieres and revivals dividing them according to the type of production. In addition, he differentiated between Polish dramas and those translated into Polish from other languages. The information about each staging was supplemented with the number of performances. Most of the plays from the Polish and foreign repertoire were staged very few times due to the boycott of the theatres by Polish audience in the years 1861–1864 and the curfew.
Aleksander Zygmunt Babiński
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 145 - 164
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.011.6603
The article presents an episode from the Prussian-Austrian War, in which Polish soldiers fought on the side of Austria as members of the 5th Squadron under the command of Captain Maurycy von Lehman. On the 26th of June 1866 Colonel Friedrich von Ziegler received information that Prussian troops were moving from Mikołów in the direction of Oświęcim. At that time the Austrian outposts observed the enemy’s troops build-up in the area of Mysłowice. In the night between the 26th and 27th of June the commander of the Austrian forces received more reports informing that the enemy’s troops had appeared in Jedlin. On the 27th of June, at 6:00 a.m., the Prussian infantry and cavalry crossed the Wisła
River and started moving towards Brzezinka and the railway station in Oświęcim. Colonel Ziegler ordered the infantry to secure the railway station in Oświęcim. The Austrian artillery was located near the railway station and customs chamber. Stationed in Rajsk, the 5th Squadron of Cavalry under the command of Captain Maurycy von Lehmann started marching in the direction of Oświęcim at 5:00 a.m., after receiving the first report about the enemy’s army marching in. In Oświęcim the 5th Squadron joined two platoons of the 4th Squadron led by Captain August Bertoletti which were coming back from the reconnaissance. Despite the severe shelling, the Austrian forces chased the enemy footmen away and marched towards Soła, where soon they started fighting with the Prussian troops. During the fight Maurycy Lehman was pierced with a lance and died whereas the commander of the Prussian cavalry, Major von Busse, was wounded. The Austrian cavalry, shielded by half of the 4th Squadron and a squad led by Lieutenant Lobkovitz, withdrew along the Soła River to Oświęcim. The Prussian infantry marched out of Brzezinka towards the railway station but was repelled by a heavy gunfire from the side of the infantry and artillery. Two Prussian machine guns shelling the railway station were eliminated from the fight right at the beginning of the skirmish. Not being able to keep his position, Lieutenant Antoni Maucher moved his machine guns near the customs chamber, and then to the position on the road in the direction of Babice from where he was firing at the enemy infantry. Thanks to a great sacrifice of the Austrian defense of the railway station and the decision to move two machine guns to the Castle Hill, from where they could effectively shell the Prussian forces, the Austrian troops wan.
Wojciech Jaworski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 165 - 179
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.012.6604The growth of wealth and the improvement of the level of education of the society in the Kingdom of Poland in the second half of the 19th century, and the spreading phenomenon of free time, enabled the establishment of at least 99 amateurish organisations which ran theatre sections. 74 of them combined these sections with the music or choir societies, as well as the physical education societies. Only 22 associations were of solely theatrical character. According to the ethnicity: 53 societies were established by the Poles, 20 – Jews, 12 – Russians, 2 – Germans, 1 – French, 1 – Ukrainians, 6 were mixed, and there is no information about the founders and members of the 4 ones. Until the temporary regulations concerning the associations and unions were introduced in 1906, only 18 organisations had been legalised, and in the period of liberalisation (1906–1914) the remaining 71. In the respective governorates (within the boarders from the years 1867–1912) the following number of associations were established: Kalisz – 10 associations, Kielce – 6, Lublin – 10, Łomża – 4, Piotrków – 36, Płock – 1, Radom – 8, Siedlce – 7, Suwałki – 1 and Warsaw – 16. The fact that the greatest number of the organisations were created in the Piotrków governorate derives from its social and economic potential. According to the legal status of the places: 28 associations were created in the capitals of the governorates, 40 – the capitals of counties, 15 – other cities, 3 – craft and commercial settlements, 6 – industrial settlements, 3 – railway settlements and 4 – villages. The biggest number of the associations was registered in Łódź (11), Warsaw (8), Lublin (5), and 3 in: Kalisz, Kielce, Piotrków Trybunalski and Sosnowiec. It was due to a large number of their inhabitants with a high percentage of merchants, manufacturers, freelancers, civil servants and private clerks among them. They participated most actively in the establishment of theatre associations.
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 181 - 186
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.013.6605The present installment of this series introducing letters and documents in Japanese and/or related to Japan left after Bronisław Piłsudski and preserved in the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow includes a corrected version of the transliteration in Roman characters (Hepburn system) of the texts of four documents (two letters from the pianist Itoe Tachibana addressed to Bronisław Piłsudski, a Polish political prisoner and katorga convict renowned for his outstanding studies and collected materials related to the languages and cultures of the aboriginal population of Sakhalin, Lower Amur Region and Northern Japan (Nivhgu~Gilyak, Uilta~Orok, Ulcha~Mangun, Nanai~Gold, but above all Ainu), and two travel documents issued to Piłsudski by the Consulate of Japan in Korsakov) introduced to the (primarily) Polish public in installments 1 (2007) and [2] (2008), respectively (cf. footnotes 1 and 2). Since minor amendments of minor importance have also been made in the transcript of the original calligraphy of Tachibana’s letters, the corrected transcripts have been printed anew.
Irena Homola-Skąpska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 187 - 216
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.014.6606The account of a kayaking expedition made by Zygmunt Grodziński and his wife Natalia on the Wilia River from Daniszewo to Vilnius in the summer of 1932 was published in the “Annual of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences’’ in 2014 (pp. 271–278). Two years later Grodziński and his young friend, Antoni Dziedzic, spent two weeks in Podolia kayaking on the Strypa and Dniester Rivers. The “Diary” of this expedition, written by Zygmunt Grodziński, constitutes a day – by – day relation of that long and difficult voyage on the rivers of Podolia. It provides ecstatic descriptions of the abundant wildlife, picturesque landscapes, and wild rivers. The author draws our attention especially to the variety and habits of birds. Grodziński’s remarks on the everyday life of the inhabitants of Podolia, diverse ethnically and morally, and their mutual relations are also very interesting. There are also recollections from World War I when in the years 1915–1916 Grodziński, a soldier of the Austrian Army, fought in that very area and became a captive of the Russians.
Stanisława Opalińska, Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 217 - 244
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.015.6607Cracow’s Monuments, a three-volume publication completed in 1904, holds a special place among numerous publications about the monuments erected in Cracow in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The authors of the illustrations were the Cerchas, father and son – Maksymilian (1818–1907) and Stanisław (1867–1919). The text, which was the first history of Polish art, was written by Feliks Kopera (1871–1952). Maksymilian was one of the painters who after the fire of Cracow in 1850 documented Cracow’s monuments in their drawings. He co-operated with the Department of Archeology and Fine Arts of the Cracow’s Scientific Society and together with Józef Łepkowski published Cracow’s Antiquities and Monuments. Stanisław Cercha was the third child of Maksymilan and Leokadia née Burdzińska. He studied painting at the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts and Anton Ažbé’s school in Münich, where he was later employed (1891–1896). He was interested in archeology, ethnology and art history, he was a member of the Cracow’s History and Monuments Lovers’ Society and the Society for the Preservation of the Monuments of Art and Culture in Cracow, Committee of the Research into the Art History in Poland of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, he also co-operated with Committee of Anthropology and Archeology of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Basing its presentation on the letters of Leokadia Cercha, the article discusses the history of the preparations for the publication of Cracow’s Monuments, which was subsidized by the Austrian – Hungarian Ministry of Education, the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, National Parliament and Cracow’s City Council, and private people. From 1900 Cracow’s Monuments were published in a form of magazine series, as a whole they constitute three volumes encompassing Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque. The core of the publication are the drawings depicting the tombstones from Cracow’s churches, there are also the images of churches and fragments of the old city buildings. They are printed with the use of Zink ink-free technology. The materials remaining after the publication were passed to the Archives of Old Files in Cracow (now National Archives, The Files of Maksymilian and Stanisław Cercha, classification number 29/1548: 1–1843). Some of the drawings included in Cracow’s Monuments are part of the collections of the National Museum in Cracow and Historical Museum of the City of Cracow.
Janina Dzik
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 245 - 258
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.016.6608
The discovery of a photograph from Michał Greim’s collection in the collection of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences presenting the main altar in the Post Trinitarian church in Kamieniec Podolski gave an impulse to initiate the research into a little known oeuvre of a Vienna born Trinitarian painter, Johann Prechtl (in the convent Joseph of St. Theresa; 1737–1799). Most of his works from the monasteries located on the territory of today Ukraine were destroyed during the wars or in the times of a communist regime. Probably the earliest among those known works of the painter is the polychrome in the presbytery of the church of the Order of Friars Minor “Observants” (Bernardines) in Dubin, a small town located near Beresteczko. Prechtl did not finish the decoration of the church probably because he went to Cracow to complete the decoration made by a Moravian artist, Joseph Plitz, after the fire of the monastery. It is a polychrome in the vestry of the Church of the Order of the Holy Trinity in Cracow, created in 1765 and depicting the adoration of the Eye of Providence, a symbolic sign of the Holy Trinity, by John of Malta and Felix of Valois.
The paintings for the Trinitarian Church of the Holy Trinity in Beresteczko, where Prechtl settled down initially, were created in the second half of the 18th century. These were the polychromes on the walls and the vault of the church (the scene of the Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles), 16 altar paintings and a historical painting outside presenting the Battle at Beresteczko.
The interior of the three – nave Church of the Holy Trinity in Brahiłów (Braiłów), financed by Franciszek Salezy Potocki and completed in 1778, included the illusionistic paintings by Johann Prechtl, which constitute one of the finest works of art in eastern parts of Poland. In the years 1776–1778 he created a large series of the polychromes covering the vault of the temple and its chapels (the well – known scenes The Adoration of the Shepherds, The Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, Ransoming of the Slaves from the Pagans by John of Malta and Felix of Valois, and The Healing of a Sick by Saint Cajetan). The polychrome in the church in Iwanków (Andruszówka region, Żytomierz) has also been attributed to the convent artist by J. Kowalczyk. The entire church was painted al fresco including five illusionistic altars. On the only surviving photograph one can see fragmentary paintings of the dome depicting Jesus cleansing the temple, which are enclosed in a quadrature. However, nothing is known about the murals in the Dominican Church of the Annunciation in Szarawka (Płoskirów county), Podolia, which was turned into an orthodox church in the first half of the 19th century, and those in the Czacki family’s palace in Boremel ( Równe region).
A unique photo of the interior of the Trinitarian church in Kamieniec Podolski as it was before the change of the big altar during a complete renovation of the church in 1907 shows the only work of Prechtl in this city that is known to us, although according to Edward Rastawiecki, in the second half of the 18th century Prechtl supposedly created painting decorations al fresco and paintings for the Kamieniec Podolski Cathedral as well as the decorations in the Trinitarian church.
According to the archival documents, the Trinitarian Church of St Michael Archangel and the Conversion of St Paul in Łuck was “all painted inside in different colours and images”, which were partially destroyed, especially in the chapels, during the march of Napoleon’s army in 1812. In the view of the archives, we can suppose that there were Prechtl’s paintings in the two-storey side altars. After the dissolution of the order in 1845 and the deconstruction of the church in 1869, the paintings depicting St Reces and St John Nepomucen were moved from the Trinitarian church to the Łuck Cathedral. From the altar paintings created by the Trinitarian artist one painting survived. Meant for the Church of St Peter and Paul in Antokol, Vilnius (moved to Dailes Muziejus, now in the Museum of Lithuanian Art in Vilnius), it presented the image of a reformer of the Order of the Trinitarians, John Baptist de la Conception (after 1770).
The skills of foreign painters working in eastern Poland, including Prechtl, Francis Gregory Eckestein and his son from Moravia, Jospeh Mayer and Łukasz (Charles) Hübel from Silesia, who used better techniques and new models contributed to the improvement of the level of our Polish art.
Magdalena Adamska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 259 - 272
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.017.6609The year 2015 marks the 80th anniversary of the opening of the Print Room, a new branch of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences housing prints, the forerunner of the present Print Room of the Scientific Library. It functioned independently only for a relatively short time (1935–1939 and 1945– 1953, the gap due to the Second World War). Despite this fact, the Print Room and its’s collection (over 40 thousands prints) is worth our attention. As an exception in the history of the Polish print collections, it was established at a great cost by a scientific institution with no practical support from a museum group or librarians. The authors discussing the history of the Print Room (e.g.K. Krużel, The Print Collection of the Polish Academy of Sciences, „Print quarterly”, XI, 1994, 2, s. 158–166; see note 1) seem to determine the establishment with two facts: the recovery of the print collection in the Polish Library in Paris being restored those days (1926) and the purchase of the Moszyński print collection (1929). However, there is still no answer to the questions concerning the time the decision was made, the people engaged in the establishment and also the Prints Room’s objectives. Since the beginning of the 30ties there were two main concepts regarding the future of the newly acquired prints. First, the proposition was made to incorporate them into one of the existing collections. On the other hand, the idea of creating a new institution was put forward. According to this last opinion, the institution should have spread the knowledge about the graphic art and the history of the printmaking through subsequent presentation. The Print Room created in 1934, and ceremonially opened to the public in 1935, realized boththe expositional and educational programs. The opening was celebrated with an exhibition of English prints, still preserved in the Print Room of the Scientific Library (Figs. 3–8). The article is an attempt to draw the attention to the problems mentioned above. Their solution requires detailed analysis the archival material concerning Academy itself as well as the legacies its individual members.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 273 - 286
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.018.6610The present article discusses the strategy of designing the applications used to analyse old paper. It summarises the present state of arranging the material and compares the projects that have been realised. It also provides the assessment of the possibilities to develop these kinds of tools for the needs of visual studies. The solutions presented in the conclusion are connected with the work the author of this text does in the Print Room of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, in co-operation with Dr Joanna Gancarczyk from the University of Bielsko-Biała. Modern design of the digital tools used in studies of paper is most often connected with the development of new repositories which document individual examples of the watermarks or the structures of the screens. That was the objective of the pioneering project realised in the mid 90s of the 20th century at the University of Geneva (C. Graham, Rauber, T. Pun, P. Tschudin). The construction of a spe- cialised database was to complete SHREW (Shape Retrieval of Watermarks) in the years 2000–2002 (K. J. Riley, J. P. Eakins). Both projects were stopped after 2005. Nowadays, the Bernstein Consortium, established in 2006, operates according to similar rules (E. Wenger et al.). According to the designers of modern applications used in the paper analyses, the technique of comparing the shapes of a watermark is still waiting for a satisfying solution. Taking into consideration previous experiences, while creating new programmes we should give up the urge to entirely automatise the results of our work. The tools used in visual studies can be based on half – automatic methods, leaving the decision on how to interpret the results to the researchers. Such an assumption will broaden the possibilities in the choice of a method used to search for and analyse a given shape. Watermarks can combine the studies of paper with the systemising our knowledge of trademarks, house marks and monograms. With the present state of the network database development, the next applications comparing their shapes can work independently from their repositories. The programmes can be used to “mark” the images; it is enough to record the results of the measurements in the form of metadata. The application reduced to a role of a front – end, co-operating with any internet search engine will make it easier to put together the collections published on the Internet.
Joanna Brońka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 287 - 303
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.019.6611The Ex-Libris Gallery of the Cultural Centre Podgórze in Cracow is the only such institution functioning in southern Poland. Its basic objective is to gather, archive, compile and present bookplates. This objective, which Andrzej Znamirowski (the founder of the gallery) set for himself, is being achieved through numerous exhibitions, compiling catalogues, publications, lectures and meetings of the bookplates lovers. The article presents a twenty-four – year history and activity of the Cracow Ex-Libris Gallery. Since 1991, when the idea to establish the gallery was born, until the present year. The history of the Ex-Libris Gallery of the Cultural Centre Podgórze is preceded by a brief history of the bookplate in Poland. The text is supplemented with the bibliography including the catalogues of the exhibitions presenting the selected ex-librises. The article is based on source literature, and was written thanks to Andrzej Znamirowski’s co-operation.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 305 - 328
Joanna M. Dziewulska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 329 - 334
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 335 - 340
Andrzej Kastory
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 341 - 346
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 347 - 352
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 9 - 18
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.001.6593Józef Łepkowski (1826–1894), in 1866 founder of the first Prehistoric Archeology Department at the Cracow University, also established the Archeological Room (1968), the predecessor of the present Museum of the Jagiellonian University. However, much earlier Łepkowski had become an active cooperator of the Cracow Scientific Society (in 1847), and since 1852 he had been its member. In the years 1858 and 1861 he held the position of the Secretary of the Archeology and Fine Arts Department, in the years 1862–1870 he was its vice – chairman. One of the issues he paid a lot of attention to was the protection of archeological and historical monuments, providing proper means and facilities and ensuring the fact that they would be used in scientific research, and later as educational material at university. Fulfilling his task, in 1859 Łepkowski found himself in Kielce where he was to compile a catalogue of the archeological part of Tomasz Zieliński’s collection. Tomasz Zieliński, an eminent collector of art, died in 1858. The catalogue entitled The Collection of Late Tomasz Zieliński in Kielce. The Antiquities Department, written by Łepkowski, was published in print already in 1860. The oriental and classical antiquities (pp. 1–6) include 16 items (part II, much more numerous, encompasses “Pagan and Slavic Antiquities”). The information included in this catalogue constitutes an important source which is very useful in reconstructing the history of some of the ancient monuments, or establishing their provenience. It turned out that some of the objects had been passed to Zieliński’s collection from the collection of Michał Sołtyk (1742–1815). What is more, sometimes the circumstances in which they were found or purchased are described. Łepkowski persuaded Duke Władysław Czartoryski to buy a considerable number of the ancient objects from Zieliński’s collection and after some time (1871–1872) he acquired most of them as Duke’s gift for the University Archeological Room (now the collection of the Faculty of Archeology of the Jagiellonian University). Thanks to Łepkowski’s catalogue, published in 1860, four Egyptian objects have been identified (a granite statuette, a bronze figurine of Osiris, an ushabti figurine, a lime stele from the period of the New Kingdom of Egypt) and a marble relief with the image of Attis, not to mention some other objects of a lesser display significance (e.g. olive lamps).
Zofia Rydlewska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 19 - 27
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.002.6594Konstanty Tyszkiewicz, son of Pius and Augusta née Plater, was born in Łohojsk in 1806. Influenced by his brother Eustachy, he got interested in archeology, conducting research within the area of old castles and digging into kurgans. He established a museum in the Łohojsk palace, in which, apart from the objects from his digs, he gathered a rich collection of art and a valuable archive. He is the author of a few works based mainly on his own archeological and ethnographic research. In the interest of modernization of his estate, he introduced new solutions in soil cultivation and established factories and a bank. In 1858, he visited Cracow and got in touch with the Cracow archeologists, inter alia with J. Łepkowski. In the following years he made several donations to the Cracow Scientific Society. In 1860, he was appointed a member correspondent of the Cracow Scientific Society. He died in Minsk in 1868.
Bożena Lesiak-Przybył
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 29 - 40
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.003.6595Aleksandra Apolonia Czechówna (1839–1923) was a daughter of Tomasz Czech and Aleksandra née Zielińska. Her Diary of the entire life... written for 65 years (1856–1923) without almost any breaks is kept in National Archives in Cracow, reference number 29/428/1–29/428/44 (previous reference numbers IT 428/1–428/44). It is an excellent source depicting cultural, social and moral life in the city of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century and during the first two decades of the 20th century as it includes the accounts of the author’s everyday life as well as the information about the celebrations, national ceremonies or the jubilees of the meritorious people. The passage presented below comes from the successive two volumes of Aleksandra Czechówna’s Diary, volume 4 and volume 5. It includes the entries in which the author describes the exhibition of the antiquities which she visited. Organised by the Cracow Scientific Society in September 1858, the exhibition of antiquities and art monuments became a big cultural event, not only for Cracow but also for the entire partitioned country. It gained unabated interest of the local public, but also of the fellow – countrymen coming from abroad. Initially, the visitors had access to the hall and three rooms on the first floor. As more and more exhibits were being brought, gradually more rooms were being opened. Eventually the exhibition was held in six rooms and a large vestibule. It was also decided to prolong it – till the 8th of January 1859. At that time Aleksandra Czechówna was almost 19. Together with her sister Izabela she participated in Cracow’s social and cultural life. Thus, it does not come as a surprise that Aleksandra and her family visited the exhibition of antiquities. She saw the exhibition twice. For the first time just after its opening and then, when it was enriched with new objects, right before its closing.
Ewa Niedziałkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 41 - 48
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.004.6596In the early period of its activity, the Cracow Scientific Society passed the numerous gifts it obtained to the University Library. However, since 1856 they remained in the Society and the newly established library. In the course of years the cartographic collection grew bigger; however, its size was not known until 1912 when it encompassed “760 numbers”. Undoubtedly, the atlases and maps gathered came mainly from the donations. Donors passed them from Cracow and its neighbourhood, Galicia, Lviv, Warsaw, Paris, Vienna and other places. They were librarians, booksellers, archivists, builders, members of the Cracow Scientific Society and sympathizers, common people and generals, people who cared for culture and science. All this proves that the Cracow Scientific Society extended over a vast area, far beyond the boarders of the partition and deeply anchored in the conscience of the society.
Janusz M. Ślusarczyk
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 49 - 62
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.005.6597
The botanic studies carried out in the Tatra Mountains, especially on the northern slopes situated on the Polish side of this mountain range, inspired by the Cracow Scientific Society, and later by the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, impress with their size and thematic range. This issue should become a subject matter of an extensive monograph, even if it would be for the contribution of both Cracow institutions into the work of scientific exploration of the highest range of the Carpathian Mountains.
The present article provides a historical outline of these issues but does not exhaust the topic. The content of the article is arranged according to the subject matter and chronology.
The biggest contribution was made by the Physiographic Committee and its Botanic Section. The scientists carried out field research, often in very hard conditions, and compiled the collection. They concentrated on the issues connected with, inter alia, floristics, bryology, lichenology and mycology, through several years phytophenological observations were carried out. Thanks to the scientists and private donors, the botanic collection of the Cracow Scientific Society was considerably enriched and later passed by the Society to the museum collection of the Academy.
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 63 - 68
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.006.6598
In 1859, Pelagia Morelowska, a widow of a head teacher and member of the Cracow Scientific Society, bestowed upon the collection of the Society an oil portrait of Jędrzej Kitowicz (1728–1804), a famous historical writer, diarist, participant in the Bar Confederation, finally – a clergyman and longterm parson in Rzeczyca. At present the portrait is kept in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow and in 2013 underwent a complete restoration conducted by Małgorzata Chmielewska, a restorer from the Czartoryski Museum. The article presents the history of the portrait of Kitowicz, which Pelagia Morelowska inherited from her mother Apolonia Dunin Brzezińska. Apolonia was a granddaughter of Jedrzej Kitowicz’s sister.
Thus, through four generations of women from the family of Jedrzej Kitowicz, the portrait passed to the Cracow Scientific Society, which gave rise to the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2015 we celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Society and so does the present text describing the history of one of the early bestowments.
Rita Majkowska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 69 - 73
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.007.6599December 2015 marks the 200th anniversary of the foundation of Cracow Scientific Society. Adopted by the Board of Rectors of Cracow Academy, the first statute of the Society, closely connected with the university in the early stages of its existence, was approved 200 years ago – on the 9th of December 1815 by the authorities of the Republic of Cracow. Kept in the Archive of Science of Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, preserved almost intact, the archival material of one of the first scientific societies founded on Polish lands, due to its completeness, constitutes a unique fonds. Thus, the objective of the actions of the archivists, initiated over 50 years ago, has been to grant the researchers the fullest possible access to the archival legacy of the Society, and now in a digital form on-line share it with the broadest possible circle of recipients. At the same time, due to the digitization programme (combined with the conservation) it will be possible to prevent these precious materials from deteriorating. The article describes the road from the first works of Danuta Rederowa, the author of the inventory of the records of the Society, to the ongoing actions to digitize the unique archival materials and create a new version of the inventory in a digital form.
Maciej Ziemierski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 75 - 107
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.008.6600This article presents the figure of Józef Bartłomiej Gherardyni (1681–1743), Cracow merchant and member of the Cracow patriciate. It also describes an interesting history of a Polish branch of the family whose roots went way back to Florence in Tuscany. Basing on his last will and an inventory, completed with the information from other sources, it was possible to retrace the alliances of the Polish branch of the Gherardyni family whose representatives, although not in any Cracow municipal offices themselves, allied with the families belonging to Cracow’s power elite and with the representatives of the nobility. In addition, the article discusses a very fast process of the polonisation of the Polish branch of the Gherardyni family whose third generation – the children of Józef Bartłomiej Gherardyni – could not speak the language of Petrarch and Boccaccio.
Joachim Śliwa
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 109 - 126
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.009.6601
Thanks to his exploratory studies, Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) is believed to be the father of two disciplines of science: classical archaeology and art history. He was mainly interested in Greek art which he put on the pedestal of the highest perfection, naming it an unattainable model of excellence. He was the first to show the past of art as a historical process, and through the application of the category of style enabled setting the artistic phenomena in a specific context, also chronological. It was Winckelmann who shaped the method and language of the description of the work of art, until today an essential element of our set of scientific tools and methods. The book that established his fame and strengthened his achievement is a ground-breaking Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (Dresden 1764). In Poland he was admired by Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755–1821), a lover of antique and collector, who in order to acquire original antiques carried out digs in Italy. Potocki’s great contribution is sharing Winckelmann’s main work with Polish readers in the form of an artistic adaptation entitled On the art of the ancient or Polish Winckelmann (Warszawa 1815).
From 1755 Winckelmann stayed in Rome, from 1758 as a librarian and a guardian of Cardinal Alessandro Albani’s collection. In 1763 he took over the duties of commisario delle antichitá della camera apostolica and the office of scriptor lingue teutonicae in the Vatican Library. In the spring of 1768 Winckelmann decided to go to Germany, his mother country, which he had left a couple of years before. At a certain moment of his journey he suffered from some kind of a psychological breakdown and he decided to immediately return to Rome. However, he managed (via Münich and Regensburg) to visit Vienna, where he was received with honours by the Empress Maria Theresa. From Vienna he irrevocably set off on a journey back to Rome. On the 1st of June 1768 he reached Trieste with the intention to get to Ancona by ship and then follow the overland route to Rome. Despite the hurry, in view of lack of a suitable connection, he was forced to spend a whole week in Trieste waiting for a ship. Unfortunately, on the 8th of June he was brutally murdered in a hotel room. The motives of the murder have never been found out. It is not known whether it was a random robbery murder, or an element of a big conspiracy in which Winckelmann was entangled in Vienna, or whether there was a homoerotic background to the crime.
Wickelmann’s body was buried in Trieste, in a common grave of one of the religious fraternities. Thus, when, on the initiative of Domenico Rosetti (1774–1842), the inhabitants of Trieste decided to honour Wickelmann in a proper manner, the only possible way to do it was to erect a cenotaph. After many efforts, a proper monument, designed by Antonio Bosa (1780–1845), was placed in Orto Lapidario near San Giusto Cathedral, initially in a special niche (1832), then in a Corinthian temple, also functioning as glyptothek (1934). This building was renovated in the 90s of the 20th century. This is the present state of the complex housing Winckelmann’s monument, located in the upper part of the Trieste lapidarium (Civico Museo di Storia ed Arte – Orto Lapidario).
Adrian Uljasz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 127 - 143
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.010.6602Manuscript notes of Julian Aleksander Bałaszewicz (born 1831 – the earliest date of death 1877) on the theatre repertoire staged in Warsaw in the period prior to the outbreak of the January Uprising and during the Uprising, available in the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, are published as a source material. In 1861 the author of the manuscript became a spy for the Russian authorities and an instigator operating in the circles of Polish and Russian immigrants in Paris and later London. In the latter he ran an antique shop with historic objects. He passed the acquired information to his superiors in his espionage reports. He recorded the titles of the plays staged in Warsaw in three lists: years 1862, 1863, 1864. In his lists he mentioned premieres and revivals dividing them according to the type of production. In addition, he differentiated between Polish dramas and those translated into Polish from other languages. The information about each staging was supplemented with the number of performances. Most of the plays from the Polish and foreign repertoire were staged very few times due to the boycott of the theatres by Polish audience in the years 1861–1864 and the curfew.
Aleksander Zygmunt Babiński
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 145 - 164
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.011.6603
The article presents an episode from the Prussian-Austrian War, in which Polish soldiers fought on the side of Austria as members of the 5th Squadron under the command of Captain Maurycy von Lehman. On the 26th of June 1866 Colonel Friedrich von Ziegler received information that Prussian troops were moving from Mikołów in the direction of Oświęcim. At that time the Austrian outposts observed the enemy’s troops build-up in the area of Mysłowice. In the night between the 26th and 27th of June the commander of the Austrian forces received more reports informing that the enemy’s troops had appeared in Jedlin. On the 27th of June, at 6:00 a.m., the Prussian infantry and cavalry crossed the Wisła
River and started moving towards Brzezinka and the railway station in Oświęcim. Colonel Ziegler ordered the infantry to secure the railway station in Oświęcim. The Austrian artillery was located near the railway station and customs chamber. Stationed in Rajsk, the 5th Squadron of Cavalry under the command of Captain Maurycy von Lehmann started marching in the direction of Oświęcim at 5:00 a.m., after receiving the first report about the enemy’s army marching in. In Oświęcim the 5th Squadron joined two platoons of the 4th Squadron led by Captain August Bertoletti which were coming back from the reconnaissance. Despite the severe shelling, the Austrian forces chased the enemy footmen away and marched towards Soła, where soon they started fighting with the Prussian troops. During the fight Maurycy Lehman was pierced with a lance and died whereas the commander of the Prussian cavalry, Major von Busse, was wounded. The Austrian cavalry, shielded by half of the 4th Squadron and a squad led by Lieutenant Lobkovitz, withdrew along the Soła River to Oświęcim. The Prussian infantry marched out of Brzezinka towards the railway station but was repelled by a heavy gunfire from the side of the infantry and artillery. Two Prussian machine guns shelling the railway station were eliminated from the fight right at the beginning of the skirmish. Not being able to keep his position, Lieutenant Antoni Maucher moved his machine guns near the customs chamber, and then to the position on the road in the direction of Babice from where he was firing at the enemy infantry. Thanks to a great sacrifice of the Austrian defense of the railway station and the decision to move two machine guns to the Castle Hill, from where they could effectively shell the Prussian forces, the Austrian troops wan.
Wojciech Jaworski
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 165 - 179
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.012.6604The growth of wealth and the improvement of the level of education of the society in the Kingdom of Poland in the second half of the 19th century, and the spreading phenomenon of free time, enabled the establishment of at least 99 amateurish organisations which ran theatre sections. 74 of them combined these sections with the music or choir societies, as well as the physical education societies. Only 22 associations were of solely theatrical character. According to the ethnicity: 53 societies were established by the Poles, 20 – Jews, 12 – Russians, 2 – Germans, 1 – French, 1 – Ukrainians, 6 were mixed, and there is no information about the founders and members of the 4 ones. Until the temporary regulations concerning the associations and unions were introduced in 1906, only 18 organisations had been legalised, and in the period of liberalisation (1906–1914) the remaining 71. In the respective governorates (within the boarders from the years 1867–1912) the following number of associations were established: Kalisz – 10 associations, Kielce – 6, Lublin – 10, Łomża – 4, Piotrków – 36, Płock – 1, Radom – 8, Siedlce – 7, Suwałki – 1 and Warsaw – 16. The fact that the greatest number of the organisations were created in the Piotrków governorate derives from its social and economic potential. According to the legal status of the places: 28 associations were created in the capitals of the governorates, 40 – the capitals of counties, 15 – other cities, 3 – craft and commercial settlements, 6 – industrial settlements, 3 – railway settlements and 4 – villages. The biggest number of the associations was registered in Łódź (11), Warsaw (8), Lublin (5), and 3 in: Kalisz, Kielce, Piotrków Trybunalski and Sosnowiec. It was due to a large number of their inhabitants with a high percentage of merchants, manufacturers, freelancers, civil servants and private clerks among them. They participated most actively in the establishment of theatre associations.
Alfred F. Majewicz
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 181 - 186
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.013.6605The present installment of this series introducing letters and documents in Japanese and/or related to Japan left after Bronisław Piłsudski and preserved in the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow includes a corrected version of the transliteration in Roman characters (Hepburn system) of the texts of four documents (two letters from the pianist Itoe Tachibana addressed to Bronisław Piłsudski, a Polish political prisoner and katorga convict renowned for his outstanding studies and collected materials related to the languages and cultures of the aboriginal population of Sakhalin, Lower Amur Region and Northern Japan (Nivhgu~Gilyak, Uilta~Orok, Ulcha~Mangun, Nanai~Gold, but above all Ainu), and two travel documents issued to Piłsudski by the Consulate of Japan in Korsakov) introduced to the (primarily) Polish public in installments 1 (2007) and [2] (2008), respectively (cf. footnotes 1 and 2). Since minor amendments of minor importance have also been made in the transcript of the original calligraphy of Tachibana’s letters, the corrected transcripts have been printed anew.
Irena Homola-Skąpska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 187 - 216
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.014.6606The account of a kayaking expedition made by Zygmunt Grodziński and his wife Natalia on the Wilia River from Daniszewo to Vilnius in the summer of 1932 was published in the “Annual of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences’’ in 2014 (pp. 271–278). Two years later Grodziński and his young friend, Antoni Dziedzic, spent two weeks in Podolia kayaking on the Strypa and Dniester Rivers. The “Diary” of this expedition, written by Zygmunt Grodziński, constitutes a day – by – day relation of that long and difficult voyage on the rivers of Podolia. It provides ecstatic descriptions of the abundant wildlife, picturesque landscapes, and wild rivers. The author draws our attention especially to the variety and habits of birds. Grodziński’s remarks on the everyday life of the inhabitants of Podolia, diverse ethnically and morally, and their mutual relations are also very interesting. There are also recollections from World War I when in the years 1915–1916 Grodziński, a soldier of the Austrian Army, fought in that very area and became a captive of the Russians.
Stanisława Opalińska, Ewa Śnieżyńska-Stolot
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 217 - 244
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.015.6607Cracow’s Monuments, a three-volume publication completed in 1904, holds a special place among numerous publications about the monuments erected in Cracow in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The authors of the illustrations were the Cerchas, father and son – Maksymilian (1818–1907) and Stanisław (1867–1919). The text, which was the first history of Polish art, was written by Feliks Kopera (1871–1952). Maksymilian was one of the painters who after the fire of Cracow in 1850 documented Cracow’s monuments in their drawings. He co-operated with the Department of Archeology and Fine Arts of the Cracow’s Scientific Society and together with Józef Łepkowski published Cracow’s Antiquities and Monuments. Stanisław Cercha was the third child of Maksymilan and Leokadia née Burdzińska. He studied painting at the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts and Anton Ažbé’s school in Münich, where he was later employed (1891–1896). He was interested in archeology, ethnology and art history, he was a member of the Cracow’s History and Monuments Lovers’ Society and the Society for the Preservation of the Monuments of Art and Culture in Cracow, Committee of the Research into the Art History in Poland of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, he also co-operated with Committee of Anthropology and Archeology of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Basing its presentation on the letters of Leokadia Cercha, the article discusses the history of the preparations for the publication of Cracow’s Monuments, which was subsidized by the Austrian – Hungarian Ministry of Education, the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, National Parliament and Cracow’s City Council, and private people. From 1900 Cracow’s Monuments were published in a form of magazine series, as a whole they constitute three volumes encompassing Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque. The core of the publication are the drawings depicting the tombstones from Cracow’s churches, there are also the images of churches and fragments of the old city buildings. They are printed with the use of Zink ink-free technology. The materials remaining after the publication were passed to the Archives of Old Files in Cracow (now National Archives, The Files of Maksymilian and Stanisław Cercha, classification number 29/1548: 1–1843). Some of the drawings included in Cracow’s Monuments are part of the collections of the National Museum in Cracow and Historical Museum of the City of Cracow.
Janina Dzik
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 245 - 258
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.016.6608
The discovery of a photograph from Michał Greim’s collection in the collection of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences presenting the main altar in the Post Trinitarian church in Kamieniec Podolski gave an impulse to initiate the research into a little known oeuvre of a Vienna born Trinitarian painter, Johann Prechtl (in the convent Joseph of St. Theresa; 1737–1799). Most of his works from the monasteries located on the territory of today Ukraine were destroyed during the wars or in the times of a communist regime. Probably the earliest among those known works of the painter is the polychrome in the presbytery of the church of the Order of Friars Minor “Observants” (Bernardines) in Dubin, a small town located near Beresteczko. Prechtl did not finish the decoration of the church probably because he went to Cracow to complete the decoration made by a Moravian artist, Joseph Plitz, after the fire of the monastery. It is a polychrome in the vestry of the Church of the Order of the Holy Trinity in Cracow, created in 1765 and depicting the adoration of the Eye of Providence, a symbolic sign of the Holy Trinity, by John of Malta and Felix of Valois.
The paintings for the Trinitarian Church of the Holy Trinity in Beresteczko, where Prechtl settled down initially, were created in the second half of the 18th century. These were the polychromes on the walls and the vault of the church (the scene of the Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles), 16 altar paintings and a historical painting outside presenting the Battle at Beresteczko.
The interior of the three – nave Church of the Holy Trinity in Brahiłów (Braiłów), financed by Franciszek Salezy Potocki and completed in 1778, included the illusionistic paintings by Johann Prechtl, which constitute one of the finest works of art in eastern parts of Poland. In the years 1776–1778 he created a large series of the polychromes covering the vault of the temple and its chapels (the well – known scenes The Adoration of the Shepherds, The Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, Ransoming of the Slaves from the Pagans by John of Malta and Felix of Valois, and The Healing of a Sick by Saint Cajetan). The polychrome in the church in Iwanków (Andruszówka region, Żytomierz) has also been attributed to the convent artist by J. Kowalczyk. The entire church was painted al fresco including five illusionistic altars. On the only surviving photograph one can see fragmentary paintings of the dome depicting Jesus cleansing the temple, which are enclosed in a quadrature. However, nothing is known about the murals in the Dominican Church of the Annunciation in Szarawka (Płoskirów county), Podolia, which was turned into an orthodox church in the first half of the 19th century, and those in the Czacki family’s palace in Boremel ( Równe region).
A unique photo of the interior of the Trinitarian church in Kamieniec Podolski as it was before the change of the big altar during a complete renovation of the church in 1907 shows the only work of Prechtl in this city that is known to us, although according to Edward Rastawiecki, in the second half of the 18th century Prechtl supposedly created painting decorations al fresco and paintings for the Kamieniec Podolski Cathedral as well as the decorations in the Trinitarian church.
According to the archival documents, the Trinitarian Church of St Michael Archangel and the Conversion of St Paul in Łuck was “all painted inside in different colours and images”, which were partially destroyed, especially in the chapels, during the march of Napoleon’s army in 1812. In the view of the archives, we can suppose that there were Prechtl’s paintings in the two-storey side altars. After the dissolution of the order in 1845 and the deconstruction of the church in 1869, the paintings depicting St Reces and St John Nepomucen were moved from the Trinitarian church to the Łuck Cathedral. From the altar paintings created by the Trinitarian artist one painting survived. Meant for the Church of St Peter and Paul in Antokol, Vilnius (moved to Dailes Muziejus, now in the Museum of Lithuanian Art in Vilnius), it presented the image of a reformer of the Order of the Trinitarians, John Baptist de la Conception (after 1770).
The skills of foreign painters working in eastern Poland, including Prechtl, Francis Gregory Eckestein and his son from Moravia, Jospeh Mayer and Łukasz (Charles) Hübel from Silesia, who used better techniques and new models contributed to the improvement of the level of our Polish art.
Magdalena Adamska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 259 - 272
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.017.6609The year 2015 marks the 80th anniversary of the opening of the Print Room, a new branch of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences housing prints, the forerunner of the present Print Room of the Scientific Library. It functioned independently only for a relatively short time (1935–1939 and 1945– 1953, the gap due to the Second World War). Despite this fact, the Print Room and its’s collection (over 40 thousands prints) is worth our attention. As an exception in the history of the Polish print collections, it was established at a great cost by a scientific institution with no practical support from a museum group or librarians. The authors discussing the history of the Print Room (e.g.K. Krużel, The Print Collection of the Polish Academy of Sciences, „Print quarterly”, XI, 1994, 2, s. 158–166; see note 1) seem to determine the establishment with two facts: the recovery of the print collection in the Polish Library in Paris being restored those days (1926) and the purchase of the Moszyński print collection (1929). However, there is still no answer to the questions concerning the time the decision was made, the people engaged in the establishment and also the Prints Room’s objectives. Since the beginning of the 30ties there were two main concepts regarding the future of the newly acquired prints. First, the proposition was made to incorporate them into one of the existing collections. On the other hand, the idea of creating a new institution was put forward. According to this last opinion, the institution should have spread the knowledge about the graphic art and the history of the printmaking through subsequent presentation. The Print Room created in 1934, and ceremonially opened to the public in 1935, realized boththe expositional and educational programs. The opening was celebrated with an exhibition of English prints, still preserved in the Print Room of the Scientific Library (Figs. 3–8). The article is an attempt to draw the attention to the problems mentioned above. Their solution requires detailed analysis the archival material concerning Academy itself as well as the legacies its individual members.
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 273 - 286
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.018.6610The present article discusses the strategy of designing the applications used to analyse old paper. It summarises the present state of arranging the material and compares the projects that have been realised. It also provides the assessment of the possibilities to develop these kinds of tools for the needs of visual studies. The solutions presented in the conclusion are connected with the work the author of this text does in the Print Room of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, in co-operation with Dr Joanna Gancarczyk from the University of Bielsko-Biała. Modern design of the digital tools used in studies of paper is most often connected with the development of new repositories which document individual examples of the watermarks or the structures of the screens. That was the objective of the pioneering project realised in the mid 90s of the 20th century at the University of Geneva (C. Graham, Rauber, T. Pun, P. Tschudin). The construction of a spe- cialised database was to complete SHREW (Shape Retrieval of Watermarks) in the years 2000–2002 (K. J. Riley, J. P. Eakins). Both projects were stopped after 2005. Nowadays, the Bernstein Consortium, established in 2006, operates according to similar rules (E. Wenger et al.). According to the designers of modern applications used in the paper analyses, the technique of comparing the shapes of a watermark is still waiting for a satisfying solution. Taking into consideration previous experiences, while creating new programmes we should give up the urge to entirely automatise the results of our work. The tools used in visual studies can be based on half – automatic methods, leaving the decision on how to interpret the results to the researchers. Such an assumption will broaden the possibilities in the choice of a method used to search for and analyse a given shape. Watermarks can combine the studies of paper with the systemising our knowledge of trademarks, house marks and monograms. With the present state of the network database development, the next applications comparing their shapes can work independently from their repositories. The programmes can be used to “mark” the images; it is enough to record the results of the measurements in the form of metadata. The application reduced to a role of a front – end, co-operating with any internet search engine will make it easier to put together the collections published on the Internet.
Joanna Brońka
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 287 - 303
https://doi.org/10.4467/25440500RBN.15.019.6611The Ex-Libris Gallery of the Cultural Centre Podgórze in Cracow is the only such institution functioning in southern Poland. Its basic objective is to gather, archive, compile and present bookplates. This objective, which Andrzej Znamirowski (the founder of the gallery) set for himself, is being achieved through numerous exhibitions, compiling catalogues, publications, lectures and meetings of the bookplates lovers. The article presents a twenty-four – year history and activity of the Cracow Ex-Libris Gallery. Since 1991, when the idea to establish the gallery was born, until the present year. The history of the Ex-Libris Gallery of the Cultural Centre Podgórze is preceded by a brief history of the bookplate in Poland. The text is supplemented with the bibliography including the catalogues of the exhibitions presenting the selected ex-librises. The article is based on source literature, and was written thanks to Andrzej Znamirowski’s co-operation.
Andrzej Kastory
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 341 - 346
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 305 - 328
Joanna M. Dziewulska
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 329 - 334
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 335 - 340
Karolina Grodziska-Ożóg
Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN, 2015, 2015, s. 347 - 352
