The paper presents the issue of revitalization models – starting from state policy, regional policies as well as local revitalization programs. Systems theory and graphic charts were used to draw up revitalization models. It helped to show desired structural-procedural model of revitalization. On that basis two conclusions were formulated: existing model of revitalization has many negative aspects and its change is necessary.

The latest transformation of industrial and agricultural areas leads to inequity implying economic and social consequences. The complex index of living is the key factor in establishment of the index of local retaining capacity. These indexes are a very useful tool in determination of the goals of revitalization.

Economists have long been debating about the relationship between economic growth and poverty. In my research I am interested in the effect of economic growth on poverty and income inequality concerning upper-middle income Eastern European countries. I examine this relationship after 1990. Based on Adams’ research, my hypothesis states that in upper-middle income Eastern Europe economic development has significantly reduced income inequalities and poverty since 1990. Besides economic growth, I examine the effect of human development on poverty and inequality as well.
To test my hypothesis, I carry out regression analysis and I use data from household surveys and national accounts. Results show that economic growth has had a signifi cant effect on poverty, but not on income inequalities since 1990. It means that economic growth can promote the decrease of the extent and the depth of poverty. Human development, however, has significant effect nor on poverty, neither on income inequalities. So if a country’s government is willing to decrease poverty, it has to concentrate on economic growth, rather than on human development.

The author points the importance of building local relationships on reducing the migration flow. The stabilization of labor market should be part of economic policy mainly in post-communist countries

At the beginning of the 21st century the European Union faces the greatest challenge in its history. Several problems were raised due to the joining of new member countries to the EU, one of which – the free movement of people – was the most important.
The 15 EU member-states, with fears of the cheap labour of the ten joining countries, in 2003 introduced days of grace for seven years to restrict the free movement of labour. However the majority of basic rights came into being before the joining to EU, the free movement of people and rather the free movement of employees became a question of serious debates. Facts did not prove these fears even in the case of France where the fi gure of a Polish mechanic became a topic of voting campaign in 2005. The expected wave of migrant workers never arrived consequently; countries having opened their labour marked after 1 May 2004 were out of danger.
At the same time the areas that lost their inhabitants started to decline in terms of both economy and society. This is one of the main reasons for revitalization, which could support the improvement of socio-economic factors of rural areas, decreasing the unfavourable effects of migration.  The newer reconsideration of the transition period is coming at an early date; we made a quantitative research with face to face method in Hungary in August 2008. In the questionnaire we analyzed the migration potential of the Hungarian people with 1200 members national representative sampling.

After beginning by the analysis of EU legal texts in the context of employment policy, evoking the infl uence of globalisation, the author undertakes the statistical research on Hungarian labour market (mainly age and gender) and concentrates her study on the north region

The aim of the paper is an attempt to interpret process of sustainable development and revitalization of rural areas and also to point out instruments used by local authorities in supporting entrepreneurial development as a revitalization factor conducive to economic development. Presented studies allow to make a conclusion of complementary character of these processes. Development of rural areas mainly depend on localization of varied non-agricultural activities which should counteract of rural mono-functional development and promotes rural entrepreneurship. Sustainable development and revitalization represent complex notions concerned to formula of quantities and qualities in changing socio-economic system, which enhanced ecosystemic constrains. And the same time effi ciency criteria are related to social satisfaction and progress in life quality as main  onditions of the progress of civilization.

In our paper we will focus on human factor in preserving economic sustainability in rural areas. When we talk about revitalization of rural areas, we must take into consideration that agricultural activities could be one factor of these processes. In the rural areas the role of agriculture, especially the role of horticulture is determinant taking its high labour demand into consideration. The vertical connections are motivated between the participants on a food chain by the intention of increasing efficiency,  reaching market benefits, reducing uncertainty and risk, and costs of production. From that point of view cooperation among rural habitants could give a chance for them to become real economic partners.
In the paper we examine the process of setting up producers’ organizations in Hungary, focusing on those factors that force their cooperation and integration. We emphasize why this process is so slow and why it is necessary to make the cooperation stronger among farmers. We will show how important is the willingness to cooperation of people living in rural areas to work together in order to gain economic personal and social aims at the same time.

The opportunities for urban investment co-funding which emerged in Poland after its accession to the European Union are not taken to a satisfying extent, especially in towns, e.g. those with a population up to 20 000.
Despite many difficulties there are attempts to break the deadlock. Such attempts may be found for example in towns of Warmia and Mazury Province whose idea of funding their revitalization programmes – apart from applying for money allocated to Regional Operational Programme (ROP) – has become participation in the Cittaslow international network of cities.

Large housing estates are the areas populated by 7–8 millions of Poles. The degree of technical and social degradation of large-panel housing complexes is rather low. Crime rate, poverty and unemployment in such complexes are often lower than the respective average urban indicators. We do not have a tool for analyzing inner-city diversities. The use of the inner-city component of the Urban Audit of Sub-city Districts (Audyt Miejski SCD PL) will allow us to estimate the scale of degradation in particular urban districts, utilizing the methodology which is standardized for the whole country. The SCD PL Urban Audit to be repeated regularly will become a tool of monitoring changes, including the revitalization programme effects.

Several years after accepting The Revitalization Program for Zablocie District in Cracow its process and effects can be analised. The following are the refl ections of one of the authors of the program and the author of the solution design for program’s key project: Lipowa Avenue.
One of the important purposes of both: the program and the plan was integration of parts of district that were structurally and functionally varied and physically divided by railway track.
Lipowa Avenue is thought to be a public space able to gather split parts and to link the isolated areas. So far during the realization of the program no effi cient action has been undertaken for the realization of the key project.
The studial conception of Lipowa Avenue demonstrates that only realization of key project enables integration of Zablocie District. The result of the studial conception is a voice in the discussion and the answer for the questions: what should Lipowa Avenue become and what should it be like.

The paper presents a few examples of implemented urban regeneration projects, the analysis and evaluation of their influence on the social and economic sphere of the city of Gliwice. Among all activities there were indicated smaller scale projects referring to adaptation of buildings for the needs of courts and one complex project referring to transformation of a post-industrial zone into an education and entrepreneurship area. As a result of the carried out analysis the added value of the projects may be precisely determined, namely, within the surrounding of the courts there was observed rapid growth of services offered to the public, i.e. the legal and consulting. In the neighbourhood of the post-industrial zone, on the other hand, there are perspectives for further investments undertaken by the city and private entities. In the latter part of the article, the authors present further plans and possibilities of  mplementing operational activities in the city of Gliwice.

Revitalization is the process of giving a new life and the centre of Chrzanów is the unique target of the undertaken actions.
The new Renaissance of the central areas – and public urban spaces in particular – marks the return to the very core of the idea of the city and urbanity. The redefi nition of particular, spatially isolated parts of the urbanized environment is an effective form of counteracting deurbanisation processes as well as the social and economic stagnation of the city.
In practice, the strategy of operational revitalization developed for the centre of Chrzanów is a series of coordinated social, spatial and economic activities undertaken with respect to the entire city, but carried out gradually in its various locations and scales.
The Old Town Market Square, the fi rst to have undergone these processes, quickly became the symbol of the revitalization of the city of Chrzanów and its social affirmation.

The paper contains the description of Mucharz region before the installation of the dam called “Świnna Poręba” and new possibilities it gave. The traditional agricultural region will be transformed into touristic centre of aquatic sports. Strategic planning helps preparing the local development in the future but some aspects of the implementation are more important than others and must provoke the quick reaction from administration authorities. The preparation of appropriate infrastructure must start from now – potential visitors should be attracted by an interesting offer (both sport and cultural) and staff should be educated. The social revitalization is conditioned before all by the economic development of the region and by the successful collaboration between public and private partners. They cooperate not only in the search for subsidies but at all phases of the project and in the work for common good.

The opening up of the national financial systems of new EU-countries contain both considerable economic advantages and significant risks. Their national systems did not adapt to the accelerating innovation in the field of financial instruments. The fiscal and monetary control systems are the toolkit of regulations, its effects on process of revitalization are evident.

The paper presents above all the importance of financial sources of revitalizing actions. It also aims at identification of all different financial sources of revitalization programs as well as assessment of the prospects of their implementation at a local and regional level

The paper includes author’s considerations concerning the necessity of differentiating the development policy pursue by self-government authorities of voivodeships with regard to the voivodeship’s situation in the context of revitalization. It is based on the analysis of texts of voivodeship development strategies. As a result of this analysis it was possible to evaluate the correspondence between these parts of texts of voivodeship development strategies that are concerning directly to revitalization process and problems identified on the voivodeships area

Revitalization and urban renewal course was established at Faculty of Architecture in Politechnika Śląska (Silesian University of Technology) as a new course in academic year 2008-2009. Previously problems of that matter were presented fragmentally within the courses of Urban Design and Planning, Architectural Design, Monument Preservation and Urban Renewal. That situation resulted in specifi c misunderstanding. Students understood revitalization mainly as a spatial reconstruction or renewal of urban or architectural degradated objects. In that sense the main goal seemed to be gained by pure spatial act. New course is intended to show revitalization as interdisciplinary, long-term process. Operational aspects of executing this process are strongly stressed in the program of new course. The main didactic objective is to provide necessary knowledge and improve students ability and skills of urban space diagnosing, formulating aims, tasks and actions programming. One of those actions is renewal of urban space elements, treated as a tool of urban revitalization process.

J. Richard Hackman, New Rules for Team Building, „Optimize”, July 2002. Wyd. United Business Media