W artykule przedstawiono porównanie przenoszenia drgań oraz impedancji mechanicznej dla pięciu prostych modeli biodynamicznych używanych w procesie projektowania foteli dla pojazdów. Przedstawione modele są używane w obliczeniach w celu ograniczenia czasu badań eksperymentalnych i zbierania danych podczas procesu projektowania produktu. Badania wykazały, że porównywane modele o dwóch, trzech i czterech stopniach swobody dają bardzo dobre wyniki na wstępnym etapie projektowania siedzeń. Analiza wykazała, że dalsze prace są potrzebne do zbadania częstotliwości rezonansowych dla określonych cech budowy anatomicznej oraz różnych cech osobniczych dla populacji pasażerów. 

Five biodynamic models are investigated to approximate vertical seat vibration transmissibility and mechanical impedance in an effort to reduce experimental time and data collection when designing vehicle seats. The research has found that these biodynamic models of two, three and four degrees of freedom are ideally suited for initial seat design, since whole body vibrations can be easily depicted at approximately 5Hz. Further research is necessary to investigate the resonant frequencies for defined anatomical structures, passenger variability and the use of a backrest support.

Modern transport vehicles and mobile machines have a high advanced functionality and quality of work. However, it is often associated with high power consumption. That is why research focused on reducing vehicle operating costs is so important. The possibilities of reduction of fuel consumption in combustion engines, which are usually the primary source of energy in many vehicles, seem to be exhausted. It came from design constraints of the combustion engine and increasingly stricter emission’s standards. That is way very popular become energy recovery system. Usually, these systems are based on an electric storage battery. Energy is capturing during braking of the vehicle and transferred to the electric motor periodically connected with the drive system. While, in the vehicles driven by hydrostatic system hydraulic energy in a similar way can be captured and stored in the hydro-pneumatic accumulator. This paper presents such solution of energy saving system based on an additional pump and hydro pneumatic accumulator build into vehicle hydrostatic drive system. Mechanical and hydraulic elements of vehicle drive system were modelled using SimulationX software. The standard drive system is comparing with the energy recuperation drive system. Tests have been conducted for assumed working cycle and several operating parameters by the use of SimulationX. Reached than 10% energy saving in one cycle, confirms the correctness of designed structure of the hydraulic energy recovery system.

Celem badań było określenie możliwości zastosowania wulkanicznego tufu jako inhibitora korozji w środowiskach wodnych oraz określenie mechanizmów, które powodują, że tuf wulkaniczny działa jako inhibitor korozji. Zakres badań obejmuje: badania struktury i wybranych właściwości tufu z Filipowic, w tym faktograficzne badania tufu w postaci skał, analizy dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i analizy termicznej; badanie odporności na korozję DC01A stali niskowęglowej w środowiskach wodnych bez oraz z inhibitorem, którym jest tuf wulkaniczny. 

The aim of the studies was to examine the applicability of volcanic tuff as a corrosion inhibitor in aqueous systems and to identify the mechanisms owing to which the tuff is acting as an inhibitor of corrosion. The scope of research includes: examinations of the structure and selected properties of the tuff from Filipowice, including fractographic examination of the Filipowice tuff rocks, X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermal analysis; study of the corrosion resistance of DC01A low-carbon steel in aqueous systems without and with inhibitor, which is volcanic tuff.

This article presents a novel rope-free multi-cabin elevator system for vertical and horizontal transport and simultaneous integration of movement in two directions. Using the patent applications to the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, the structure and the principle of operation of the rope-free elevator is presented. The advantages of using the mechatronic rope-free multi-cabin elevator in novel, multi-area high rise buildings are presented. The directions of further studies are outlined.

W artykule przedstawiono sposób zastosowania metody spektralnej bezpośredniej do identyfikacji cykli naprężeń o charakterze wieloosiowym. Rozważane są dwa przypadki. Pierwszy, gdy składowe tensora naprężeń są zgodne w fazie i drugi, gdy są one przesunięte w fazie. Drugi przypadek jest związany z praktycznym zastosowaniem dla koła suwnicy. 

In the article, the means of application of the direct spectral method for the identification of the stress cycles for multiaxial stress is discussed. Two cases are analyzed. The first, when components of stress tensor are in phase, and the second, when they are shifted in phase. The second case is associated with the practical application for the crane wheel.

W artykule przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania parametrów geometrycznych mechanizmu chwytaka dźwigniowego robota przemysłowego. Zastosowano syntezę mechanizmu dla założonych charakterystyk funkcjonalnych mechanizmu. Założono przebiegi liniowe i nieliniowe charakterystyki siłowej i przemieszczeniowej. W obliczeniach wykorzystano trzy algorytmy, gradientowy, losowy i ewolucyjny. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że proponowane podejście optymalizacyjne jest możliwe do zastosowania i stosunkowo efektywne w porównaniu z tradycyjnymi metodami syntezy mechanizmów, przy czym możliwe okazało się zastosowanie wyłącznie algorytmu ewolucyjnego generującego najlepsze rozwiązania w każdym przypadku oraz znacznie gorszego algorytmu losowego. Nie udało się w ogóle wygenerować rozwiązań algorytmem gradientowym, co wskazuje, że dla zadań optymalizacyjnych opisywanych funkcjami trygonometrycznymi tego typu algorytmy są zawodne i nie powinny być stosowane. 

The paper presents an approach to optimal synthesis of robot gripper mechanism. There are two different patterns of force and displacement functional characteristics applied. The first one deals with the assumed linear or nonlinear displacement of the gripper ends, whereas the second one takes under consideration the constant value or nonlinear chart of the gripping force. In order to generate the optimal solutions a gradient based method, a random search method and an evolutionary algorithm are used. The obtained results show relatively good effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach in comparison to conventional methods of synthesis of linkage mechanisms. The best solutions were generated by the evolutionary algorithm based method; worse by the random search algorithm. Gradient based method fails during optimization process and should not be used for such type of problems, especially described by trigonometric functions.

The paper presents the results of experimental tests concerning the durability of two devices, using three different electrorheological fluids as working fluids. They were: a cylinder viscous brake and a dual clutch, consisting of a cylinder viscous clutch and a hydrokinetic clutch. The concept of the control of devices filled with electrorheological working fluids involves the impact of the electric field of variable intensity on the working fluid and thus causes changes of sheer stress in it. It also changes the transmitted torque. The studies show that the most important factors affecting the durability of a viscous brake and a dual clutch are: sealing of the workspace, including the electrorheological fluid, electrorheological fluid type, electrodes and electrical wire insulation, supplying high voltage from the power supply. Another essential factor is that the durability of the electrorheological fluid, defined by the rate of wear, is found within the ranges reported in the literature and does not differ significantly from the magnetorheological fluid durability.

The paper presents the wear process of a carbide insert in Inconel 625 longitudinal turning as well as examples of chip forms. Inconel 625 alloy belongs to the difficult-to-cut material group and causes many problems in machining operations in industry. A major one concerns chip forms produced in turning operations and quick wear of the cutting edge. The conveyed research also revealed the Build Up Edge (BUE) phenomenon, which took place in conveyed tests. A few examples have been presented and analyzed.

The main purpose of this paper is to show major increases in the temperatures of the lower extremity limb in comparison to the latter. During the course of the study, it was found that a significant difference in the temperatures arises between the healthy left limb (subject to the conducted tests) and the sick right (‘control’) one, before and after performing an attempt to cool down. The examination consisted of a series of credible medical measurements with the application of professional thermal imagining equipment. The above- mentioned study acknowledged the potential of thermal imagining diagnostics in terms of assessing the state of health of the examined subject. In terms of thermal imagining methods usage, it is possible not only to locate the inflamed spots effectively, but also to monitor the course of the treatment of the inflammatory conditions.

The mechanical properties of a pig’s skin as a human skin substitute in the studies carried out in vitro are used in surgery and engineering design. The investigation included the uniaxial tensile test and cyclic loading-unloading tests of a swine skin. The values of dissipated energy and energy dissipation ratio for first, fifth and tenth hysteresis loop of every examined sample were obtained. In the investigation, the skin anisotropy was taken into consideration. The estimation of the influence of various levels of load on the values of the measured parameters was also made.