Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016

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Czasopismo Techniczne

2016

Data publikacji: 26.08.2016

Licencja: Żadna

Redakcja

Redaktor naczelny Józef Gawlik

Sekretarz redakcji Dorota Sapek

Zawartość numeru

Flow Structure, Drop Deformation and Mass Transfer in Dense Emulsions

Jerzy Bałdyga, Magdalena Jasińska

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 3-14

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.001.4965

This paper presents applications of a new model of the rheological behaviour of dense oil-inwater emulsions of non-colloidal droplets to describe the flow structure, the effects of the flow of dense emulsion on drop deformation and the related increase of the interfacial area and the mass transfer rate.

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A Comparison of Hydrodynamic Models of Different
Hybrid, Fluidised-Bed Bioreactors

Dominika Boroń, Jakub Szyman

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 15-24

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.002.4966

This is a preliminary study of hybrid fluidised-bed bioreactors considered the hydrodynamic models and their comparison. In this type of bioreactor, there are two characteristic components which determine their work mode. One part of the bioreactor works as a twophase, gas-liquid, air-lift bioreactor. The second part is a two-phase, liquid-solid, fluidisedbed bioreactor. This type of construction provides high biomass concentration and low shear forces which influence biofilm. Two different types of construction of hybrid fluidised-bed bioreactors were proposed: with external or internal draft tube. Two different mathematical models are needed to design and analyse the operation of these devices.

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Simulation of the Single Bubble Ascent with OpenFOAM

Lutz Böhm, Markus Kolano, Matthias Kraume

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 25-32

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.003.4967

This project is motivated by the challenge of cleaning flat sheet membrane surfaces with the help of aeration. On the basis of earlier experiments and CFD simulations, a decision was made to use the CFD-tool OpenFOAM in contrast to earlier simulations which were performed with Ansys Fluent. In the new simulations, the advancing computing power allowed the simulation of a bubble ascent in the full channel which is of special interest in cases where the bubble size is smaller than the channel depths. Besides saving the licensing cost, OpenFOAM allows access to the source code and, therefore, easier implementation of sub-models if necessary.

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Experimental Study to Develop a Control System for Submersible Mixers in Biogas Plants

Manuel Brehmer, Matthias Kraume

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 33-42

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.004.4968

For developing a control system for these agitators, the analysis focused on the rheological characteristics of digestates, the open jet in non-Newtonian fluids and the flow conditions in a biogas reactor. In addition to a clearly visible shear-thinning effect, the viscoelastic proportion of these substrates was also determined. Depending on the stirrer speed and the rheology, the angle of spread varies and a reverse flow can occur directly at the stirrer. Therefore, not only can the position of the stirrer be used to optimise the flow field. The conical spreading of the liquid jet also enhance the mixing process. By using thrust measurements, their suitability as controlled process variables could be demonstrated.

BADANIA DOŚWIADCZALNE NAD ROZWOJEM SYSTEMU STEROWANIA MIESZADEŁ W INSTALACJACH BIOGAZU

W pracy przedstawiono możliwość sterowania mieszadłami w oparciu o analizę charakterystyki reologicznej odpadów pofermentacyjnych, przepływu w płynach nienewtonowskich oraz warunków przepływu w reaktorach biogazu. W zależności od szybkości mieszania i reologii zmienia się kąt rozprzestrzeniania i możliwy jest przepływ wsteczny bezpośrednio przy mieszadle – oprócz położenia mieszadła również stożkowe rozprowadzanie strumienia cieczy może wzmacniać proces mieszania. Potwierdzono przydatność pomiarów tensometrycznych do kontroli zmiennych procesowych.

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Analysis of the
Influence of Turbulence on the Heat Transfer Between Spherical Particles
and Planar Surfaces

Georg Brösigke, Jens-Uwe Repke, Alexander Herter, Matthias Rädle

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 43-51

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.005.4969

The heat transfer between particles and walls plays an important role in several industrial processes. Since established models often deal with simplifications for the surrounding gaseous phase, this work aims to acquire a fundamental understanding of the occurring transport phenomena. In this work, a high-resolved finite-volume method is applied carrying out direct numerical simulation of fluid dynamics and heat transfer simultaneously. The influence of turbulence on the heat transfer is discussed in this paper.

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Dynamic Modeling and Operation of the Chlor-Alkali Process

Thomas Budiarto, Erik Esche, Jens-Uwe Repke

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 53-65

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.006.4970

Chlorine it is commonly produced through the Chlor-alkali process, which is an electrochemical process – the process energy consumption dominates the production cost. Therefore, optimization of the process has become a major issue to achieve energy conservation and cost effective production. This study aims at investigating the transient and steady-state behavior of the chlorine production system through process modeling and simulation. Material balance and energy balance of the Chlor-alkali membrane process (electrolysis), brine pre-treatment, and chlorine handling are modelled and investigated using rigorous models. MOSAIC and MATLAB, are used to model and to simulate the process response when receiving dynamic input. For validation, the simulation result is compared to experimental data.

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An Evaluation of the Changes to the Mechanical
Properties of Polymer Biocomposites Resulting from their Long-Term
Storage at Low Temperatures

Aneta Celarek, Stanisław Kuciel

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 67-74

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.007.4971

This paper presents an analysis of the properties of biocomposites that were stored for four years in the refrigerator at 6°C and were investigated for detailed information of mechanical properties like tensile strength and bending. The study was based on test results obtained in 2011. Comparison of changes in the structure of composite materials was carried out an analysis of SEM image. Matrix filling materials were made of wood fibres and tuff.

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CFD Impulse Flow Simulation Through Shaped Nozzles

Piotr Cyklis, Przemysław Młynarczyk

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 75-82

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.008.4972

Pressure pulsations in volumetric compressor manifolds are important issues in the compressor plant operation. For pressure pulsation attenuation, mufflers designed using the Helmholtz resonator approach are applied. Nowadays, the variable revolution speed compressors requires new design methods for pressure pulsation damping elements. One of the possibilities to attenuate the pressure pulsations is the introduction of specially shaped nozzles in the gas duct flow. In this paper, the impulse flow simulations conducted in FLUENT/ANSYS. The experimental validation of the simulation results is also presented.

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Dispersion Kinetics Modelling

Pavel Ditl, Radek Šulc

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 83-94

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.009.4973

Stirred tanks for dispersion, the pre-dispersion of two immiscible liquids or particulate solidliquid suspension are extensively used in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical and metallurgical industries, for purposes such as suspension/emulsion polymerisation, heterogeneous/phase-transfer catalytic chemical reactions, paint production and hydrometallurgical solvent extraction. The aim of this paper is to propose the simple dispersion model enabling the prediction of particle size changes over time and taking into account the type of breakup mechanisms, the non-homogeneity of local turbulent energy dissipation rate in an agitated vessel and the effect of the number of times the liquid passes through the impeller and the impeller zone. The model was successfully tested on data published by Ditl et al. (1981).

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Digestate Treatment Techniques

Maximilian Fechter, Matthias Kraume

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 95-106

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.010.4974

Even though digestate is rich in plant nutrients, its value as a fertiliser is low due to its high water content of 90 to 95%. Therefore, the main objective of digestate treatment is to extract clean water in order to concentrate the plant nutrients. These are either in solution or attached to organic particles. Roughly, more than 70% of the digestate’s solid particles are smaller than 1 mm and are not easily separated, because of particle size, charge and density. This is one of the reasons why a simple screen separation provides no solution to the problem; however, it is an important step in the treatment chain. During the research project, many different digestate treatment techniques were considered – all of these are recorded in Figure 10. This article provides an overview of the possible techniques for digestate treatment, how they work, and their central research parameters.

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Hydroformylation of
1-Dodecene in Microemulsions: Operation and Validation of Lab Results
in a Miniplant

Markus Illner, Tobias Pogrzeba, Marcel Schmidt, David Müller, Erik Esche, Reinhard Schomäcker, Jens-Uwe Repke, Günter Wozny

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 107-120

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.011.4975

A method of hydroformylation to convert long- chained olefins, using tunable microemulsion systems, tests were conducted on a mini-plant at the center InPROMPT/TRR 63. Surfactant allowing a quasi-homogeneous reaction of olefin in aqueous Rhodium catalyst solution.

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Water Jackets as Efficient Heat Shields
in High Temperature Difference Cases – CFD Modelling of Convective
and Radiative Heat Transfer in Vacuum Systems

Ryszard Kantor, Przemysław Młynarczyk

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 121-128

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.012.4976

Many experimental high-energy installations, e.g. ITER (Cadarache), CERN (Geneva), SOLARIS (Krakow), require an ultra-high quality of vacuum. To meet these requirements, a vacuum void and its adjacent diagnostic systems are exposed to elevated temperatures (baking) after assembly to outgas all volatile surface contaminants. The baking temperature peaks as high as 250°C for up to 24 hours.

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Numerical Simulation
of Viscoelastic Fluid Flow in Stirred Vessels

Markus Kolano, Manuel Brehmer, Matthias Kraume

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 129-140

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.013.4977

In this work, a tool for calculating viscoelastic flows with rotating geometries in OpenFOAM based on the finite-volume method is presented. The tool combines the split-stress tensor approach and viscoelastic differential constitutive equations with the sliding-mesh technique. With this tool, a CFD simulation was run for a geometry of a spherical stirrer in an aqueous solution of carboxyl cellulose. Additionally, a rheological characterisation of that solution was conducted. For validation, the simulations were compared with flow field data acquired through particle image velocimetry measurements.

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Modelling of Heat Transfer in Ground Heat Exchangers

Barbara Larwa, Krzysztof Kupiec, Tadeusz Komorowicz, Monika Gwadera, Mikołaj Teper

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 141-150

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.014.4978

The results of the numerical simulation of heat conduction in ground with a horizontal, tubular (parallel pipes) heat exchanger installed are presented in this paper. On the basis of analysis of courses of temperature isolines in the ground, a simplified mathematical heat transfer model in a horizontal ground exchanger was developed. The ground thermal diffusivity was assumed to be a variable of location. On the basis of the model, the temperature profiles in the ground with a heat exchanger installed were determined.

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Automotive Catalyst Production – Challenges
for Chemical Engineers

Michal Netušil, Pavel Ditl

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 151-160

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.015.4979

The goal of this paper is to explain the chemical engineering backgrounds for operations participating on catalyst production in the automotive industry. It is shown that chemical engineering knowledge can help to a better understanding and optimisation of the production process. Besides the contribution mentioned above this paper brings the description of the up to date and interesting technology developed and patented by the worldwide leader in the chemical engineering - BASF. The car catalyst production process consists of two steps. Firstly, the coating slurry is produced and secondly, it is applied to the substrate. This paper focuses on the slurry production especially with regard to its dispersion, mixing, particle size reduction, and the influence of parameters affecting this process

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An Evaluation of Delamination in Composite
Structures by Cooling Down Thermography (CDT): Numerical Studies

Przemysław Daniel Pastuszak, Konrad Nering

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 161-170

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.016.4980

This paper is devoted to numerical studies of composite structures with delaminations made with the use of CDT. Analysis of temperature distribution provides the opportunity to determine the geometry of subsurface defects. Results confirm the validity of the FE model in comparison to previous experimental investigations.

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Hybrid Heating and Cooling
System with Renewable Energy Sources

Sebastian Pater, Janusz Magiera, Michal Ciesielczyk

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 171-182

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.017.4981

This paper presents hybrid heating and cooling system with four heating devices, three of which are producing heat from renewable energy sources. The systems operate in real conditions in residential and commercial building near Cracow. Geothermal heat pumps have an additional working mode that can be used for passive cooling during summertime for the cooling of building interiors. Results from several years of installation operation with a particular emphasis upon performance, the consumption of electricity, and the amount of heating and cooling production achieved by the individual devices have been presented.

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The Systematic Design of CO2 Capture Rocesses Applied
to the Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Alberto Penteado, Erik Esche, Daniel Salerno, Hamid Reza Godini, Jens-Uwe Repke, Günter Wozny

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 183-194

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.018.4982

The oxidative coupling of methane is the catalytic conversion of methane into ethene. Carbon dioxide is generated as a reaction by-product and must be removed from the gaseous stream. In this paper, the application of a hybrid carbon dioxide removal process including absorption with amines and gas separation membranes is investigated through simulations and cost estimations.

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Numerical Modeling of the Pulse Wave Propagation
in Human Thoracic Aorta

Kazimierz Rup, Agata Dróżdż

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 195-204

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.019.4983

In this paper, a solution to the numerical simulation of blood flow in the human thoracic aorta is presented. In vivo measurements of pulsewave waveforms were performed and used as the initial condition for numerical calculations. Equations resulting from the analysis of the general mass and momentum balance for blood flow were used for the description of aortal haemodynamics. The system of differential equations has been solved with the method of characteristics, which is often used in hydrodynamic problems. Numerical simulations were employed for the cases of three people of differing ages. As a result, time-dependent profiles of blood pressure and velocity as well as deformation of the arterial wall were determined.

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Automated Membrane
Reactors for the Early Process Development of Enzyme Promoted
Bioconversion

Azis Boing Sitanggang, Anja Drews, Matthias Kraume

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 205-212

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.020.4984

In general, there is always a trade-off between the information output and the process throughput. The automation of micro- to small-scale bioreactors is considered necessary as this can facilitate a straightforward bioprocess development to reach its commercial success. A small-scale, dead-end enzymatic membrane reactor system has been realised. Reactor system was tested for the continuous transgalactosylation of lactulose using commercial β- galactosidase.

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Analysis of Pressure Losses
in the Cross Flow Fan Heat Exchanger at Various Thermal and Flow
Conditions

Jolanta Stacharska-Targosz, Konrad Nering

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 213-222

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.021.4985

In this paper the analysis of performance characteristics of a cross flow fan working as an element of the unit incorporating heat exchanger as well as performance characteristics of the unit are presented. These experimental results were basic for consideration of pressure losses arising as an effect of direct connection of a cross flow fan and a heat exchanger located in the charging zone of the fan as a resistance. Analysis of an influence of rotational speed variation as well as a medium temperature on aerodynamic characteristics of heat exchanger let to propose a method for the local pressure loss estimation.

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Concept of Quasi-Micropolar Fluid
Model

Damian Szubartowski, Artur Ganczarski

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 223-230

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.022.4986

This paper presents a micropolar fluid model that direct applies Cosserat’s continuum to hydrodynamics. The corresponding system of equations describing isotropic micropolar fluid is obtained by assuming lack of symmetry of the Cauchy stress tensor and taking into account the conservation of angular momentum. This turns out to be an extension of the Navier- Stokes fluid but containing turbulent effect built in.

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A Numerical Model of Transient Pipeline
Operation

Dawid Taler, Karol Kaczmarski

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 231-242

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.023.4987

The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model of a steam pipeline. The energy conservation equations for the pipeline wall and steam are solved using the finite volume method (FVM). The transient temperature of the pipeline wall, steam temperature and thermal stresses can be calculated using the model developed in the paper.

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Mobile Pilot-Plant for the Evaluation
of Novel Scrubbing Liquids for the Absorption of CO2 from Industrial Gases

Robert Wilhelm, Erik Esche, Zion Guetta, Holger Thielert, Günter Wozny, Jens-Uwe Repke, Alberto Penteado

Czasopismo Techniczne, Mechanika Zeszyt 1-M (1) 2016, 2016, s. 243-250

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.16.024.4988

Most available scrubbing liquids suffer from either high heating duties for the regeneration or vulnerability towards gas components. In order to increase the efficiency of the absorption process a novel scrubbing liquid has been developed by thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG. For verifying relevance and feasibility of long-term operation of the new fluid assumptions for installation were created – conceptual design and detailed simulation of the process without detailed thermodynamic information.

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Słowa kluczowe: dense emulsions, rheology, mass transfer, fluidised bed, air lift, hydrodynamics, mathematical modelling, computational fluid dynamics, OpenFOAM, bubble, biogas, viscoelastic behaviour, open jet, thrust ; biogaz, własności lepkosprężyste, napór, heat transfer, particles, direct numerical simulation, turbulence, chlor-alkali membrane process, dynamic model, electrochemical cell, biodegradable composites, strength properties, stores in low temperature, pressure pulsations, nozzle, simulation, dispersion kinetics modelling, solid particle-liquid dispersion, tooth impeller, digestate, proces engineering, hydroformylation, microemulsions, mini-plant, long term operation, vacuum systems, heat transfer, water jacket, heat shield, viscoelasticity, White-Metzner, PIV, OpenFOAM, dynamic mesh, ground heat exchangers, non-homogeneous ground thermal properties, plant design, automotive catalyst, process control, Cooling Down Thermography (CDT), Composite Plates, Delamination, Finite Element Method (FEM), hybrid installation, renewable energy sources, geothermal heat pump, carbon dioxide capture, oxidative coupling of methane, absorption, membranes, blood flow; pulse wave propagation; haemodynamics, enzymatic membrane reactor, bioprocess, transgalactosylation, enzyme, cross flow fan heat exchanger, performance characteristics, local pressure losses, micropolar fluid, turbulent effect, pipeline heating, transient temperature, numerical model, thermal stresses, CO2 separation, process engineering, modular construction