A simplified model of a rail vehicle - electric locomotive, with particular emphasis on wheel- rail cooperation model, is presented. The principles of detecting the slip and algorithms that detect and eliminate the slip, both during acceleration and braking using dump valves are presented. Two anti-slip system simulation models, implemented in Matlab Simulink are described taking into account each subsystem model. The following models of hardware and software subsystems are described: the rotational speed sensors, the dumping valves and the subsystem determining the reference speed. The study program, simulation results, analysis and conclusions are presented.

In 2011–2013, stationary supercapacitor storage developed by the Electrotechnical Institute in Warsaw was put into trial operation in the trolleybus substation “Północna” (North) located in Gdynia. The article presents the results recorded during supercapacitor storage operation and discusses the impact of the storage on energy consumption savings. Guidelines for selecting a location for stationary supercapacitor storage were carried out based on exploitation experience.

Currently, manufacturers of power-electronic components are trying to introduce the silicon carbide (SiC) technology in their products and MOSFET transistors made with this technology are available on the market. They are characterised by a significantly higher operating frequency, reaching even 100 kHz and low switching losses. The application of this type of devices causes high voltage gradients at the inverter output, which can lead to increased inverter electromagnetic disturbances. This article presents test results and a high-frequency analysis, allowing for a preliminary evaluation of the use of SiC transistors in inverters in the context of electromagnetic compatibility.

Requirements relating to Open Area Test Sites (OATS) during measurements of radiated electromagnetic disturbances are precisely defined in standard PN-EN 50121-3-1. A significant problem arises during tests of public transport traction vehicles, such as trams and trolleybuses. In these cases, the choice of test site, with some exceptions, is limited to city agglomerations, where most of the tracks and catenaries are located. For this reason, choosing a test location that fulfils general requirements and is exposed to low levels of electromagnetic disturbance emissions from external sources can be difficult. It often requires an analysis of the emission sources and their potential elimination. The article looks at the requirements of applicable standards regarding correct measurements of radiated disturbance emissions. Selected examples of actual results of electromagnetic background emission with their interpretation are also presented.

The paper presents the load currents of two tram traction substations. These substations power lines with different characteristics of tram traffic. Loads were analysed for one working day and one public holiday. Attention was paid to the differences and similarities in the current waveforms. The demand level was assessed, with respect to the rectifier units in the substations. The time series method was used, inter alia, and chiefly an analysis of the characteristics of autoregression and partial autoregression was carried out, to act as a diversity index with respect to the nature of variability in the analysed traction load currents.

In this paper, a basic function of an Automatic Train Operation (ATO), called target braking, has been discussed. The most important assumptions of this function have been discussed in detail. The SOP-2 system designed by the Technical University of Lodz, in cooperation with Bombardier Transportation (ZWUS), has been presented. In the text, a target braking simulation model created by the authors has been described, which was developed to study the impact of the propulsion system on the target braking accuracy. The simulation results have been presented. The average dispersion of automatic target braking provides train stopping in the most number of cases in the range of 0.53 meters. Target braking values obtained during field tests are in the range from 0.3 to 1 meter. On the basis of the obtained results of target braking, the process conclusions are as follows: rapid deceleration changes cause the so-called jerks, which are negatively perceived by the passengers; braking in a long time causes a decrease in the commercial speed. Currently, the authors have developed a simulation model that includes a DC motor drive, which is in the testing phase.

The overhead contact line (OCL) is the most effective way for supplying railway electric vehicles. The increase of the speed of vehicles increases power consumption and requires ensuring proper cooperation of pantographs with OCL. The paper describes the novel mathematical model of the OCL system and the simulation results. The primary objective is a more accurate analysis to increase the reliability of the evaluation of monitoring and diagnostics. The model was based on the Lagrange energy method. The paper presents the structure of the model and equations describing it, as well as the results of some laboratory tests that were performed to determine the model parameters. The selected results of simulations concerning the effects of force impact on the contact wire were carried out using the created model. The prepared program can be used for creating computer tools, which will support designers of OCL.

In the paper, the main elements of the management of product innovation projects in the field of microprocessor systems for the railway industry are identified. The advantages and drawbacks of methods, tools and techniques used for the management of innovation projects are discussed. Also, their influence on efficiency, quality, safety and effectiveness of the management of this kind of projects is described. Based on the available literature sources, contemporary tools and technology means enabling development of safe (from the functional point of view) microprocessor systems as well as the significance and influence of formal and legal factors on the way of projects execution are presented. The conducted analyses result in recommendations for necessary changes and improvements of the execution phase and identification of key success and threat factors in the management of innovation projects for the railways.

The design of modern digital measurement-control systems applied in such fields as nuclear and power, chemical, air and rail transport as well as military requires a special approach to the philosophy of design, manufacture and the use of such systems. Therefore, attention should be focused on safeguarding the required level of reliability and safety of working conditions of such systems. On an example of a controller for an automatic railway crossing devices is presented synthesis of this controller. In this fact were used Petri nets – to modeling this controller and state machine – to make programming application.

As new power transistors, such as SiC Mosfets, are being increasingly used in power electro- nics systems, it has become necessary to use special drivers. This article compares the parame- ters of SiC Mosfet, Si Mosfet, and IGBT gate circuits. Differences are discussed with reference to the ways in which these transistors are controlled. Gate circuit parameters of SiC transistors differ slightly from those of common Mosfet or IGBT transistors, and in order to be able to fully utilise the capabilities of these new devices, it is necessary to employ appropriate drivers. This article discusses one such driver for SiC transistors.

Since the very beginning, safety in railway transport has been perceived as an absolute necessi- ty for market success of the rail. However, it is not at all obvious what safety is really about, as it means different things to different experts. The article analyses the impact of a safe travel con- trol system on the operational safety, taking into consideration: safety of the safe travel control system, interfaces connected at one end with rail traffic control systems, and at the other with the vehicle control systems. It also indicates the importance of the transmission system, and maintenance as well as operating procedures, particularly those used in emergency situations. The analysis is recapitulated by conclusions concerning the commissioning of track-side and on-board safe train control devices.

Paper present practical solutions based on the utilization of graphene and amorphous alloys for construction of DC current transformer. Proposed solution is competitive as for the metrological properties and overall dimensions, and is well suited for the measurements of large currents in the railway traction. Use of amorphous alloys as magnetic materials for low-hysteresis and high- permeability cores, and development of highly sensitive graphene-based Hall effect sensors, allow for substantial improvements in the open feedback loop DC current transformers construction. In order to verify the usefulness of the developed DC current transformer, its characteristic was investigated. High linearity of the sensor is confirmed by the R-square parameter exceeding 0.99. The repeatability of the measurements was in the range of 1%. The properties of these materials raise the prospect of changes in the construction of the DC current transformers and open up the perspective of a number of innovative projects in the railway industry, in the current measurements area.

Electrified transport is strongly assorted, due to long term development and use of diversified solutions, particularly in the scope of electrical engineering considering the following aspects: nominal voltage of a power supply system, vehicles’ main circuits and electrical drives. The problem of compatible work of varied railway systems in mutual interaction regions, despite of various studies, still appears a significant issue. The main purpose of the paper is to present the negative impact of mutual interaction of AC DC railway regions on the electrified railway lines and power grid. A Matlab – Simulink model of the DC and AC traction systems has been developed. In the article, apart from the main problems which could appear in the AC-DC transition zones, the voltage unbalance analysis caused by the AC traction substation is covered and the influence of asymmetric input voltage of the rectifier traction substation on the DC voltage quality is analysed.

The paper presents a model of hybrid energy storage, which allows to connect any number of modules to the system. Due to significant differences in the performance of various types of modules, such as power, and energy density, price, operating temperature, etc., combining them into a single system allows to extend their lifetime or reduce weight. The main objective of the authors was to provide a method for power distribution among devices making up the system, which ultimately will enable an optimisation of the power management strategy. An important parameter of the system is the possibility of its adjustment and upgrades. The summary identi- fies further directions of research.

The research of natural statics and damages connected with them is difficult in consideration of their random occurrence. Making a decision about necessaries and effectivities of resources usage of the lightning surge protection and about the choice of a suitable protection method, should be preceded by an estimation of the risk due to damages lightning discharges. In the report, the risk analysis of damages of the railway traction and of the control command and signaling equipments due to lightning discharges for a real case of damage, is represented. In the risk analysis, a fragment of a rail track in which lightning discharges appeared, was taken into account. The results of these occurrences estimation, calculated by the LIOV software, taking into account real parameters of the system, have been also represented.

The article presents the methods of determination and analysis of the continuance of harmonics in the supply current of a modern subway vehicle with an asynchronous converter power. Knowledge of the harmonic content of the supply current is a very important part of the study, allowing the vehicle to operate. In order to determine the harmonic voltages and currents, a computer model of the test vehicle and the power supply and subway substations was created. The simulation was created using the SimPowerSystem library, which is part of the Matlab program. The calculation results were compared with the measurement.