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Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015

2015 Następne

Data publikacji: 23.03.2016

Licencja: Żadna

Redakcja

Redaktor naczelny Józef Gawlik

Sekretarz redakcji Dorota Sapek

Zawartość numeru

Juozas Banionis

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 5-12

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.202.4407

Bishop Antanas Baranauskas is a prominent personality in the history of the Lithuanian culture. He is well known not only as a profound theologian, a talented musician creating hymns, a literary classicist and an initiator of Lithuanian dialectology, but also as a distinguished figure in the science of mathematics. The author of this article turns his attention to the mathematical legacy of this prominent Lithuanian character and aspires to reveal the circumstances that encouraged bishop Antanas Baranauskas to undertake research in mathematics, to describe the influence of his achievements in the science of mathematics, to show the incentives that encouraged him to pursue mathematical research in Lithuania as well as to emphasize his search for a connection between mathematics and theology.

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Kalina Bartnicka

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 13-32

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.203.4408

In 1926 and in 1930, members of Mathematics and Physics Students’ Club of the Warsaw University published the guidance for the first year students. These texts would help the freshers in constraction of the plans and course of theirs studies in the situation of so called “free study”.

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Lidiya Bazylevych, Igor Guran, Mykhailo Zarichnyi

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 33-39

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.204.4409

We provide an outline of Stanisław Ulam’s results obtained in the framework of the widely understood Lvov school of mathematics.

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Martina Bečvářová

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 41-68

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.205.4410

The most important and interesting phenomena from the history of the association Mathematische Kränzchen in Prag (the Prague German Mathematics Community), which operated in Prague between spring 1913 and spring 1934, will be introduced, on the basis of the study of surviving archive sources available in Czech country and abroad, original professional journals mathematical works, and diverse secondary literature. We will try to clarify the position of the German mathematical community in the Czech lands, respectively in Central Europe in the 1920s and 1930s. We will try to capture its specifics resulting from the Prague genius loci, to describe its contributions to the development of science, to indicate its links to the surrounding German scientific world and to show its relations with Czech and foreign professional associations and societies.

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Martina Bečvářová

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 69-75

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.206.4411

In the Czech lands, there is a long and fruitful tradition of research and study of the history of mathematics which began in the second half of the 19th century. The most important papers and books were written by J. Smolík, F.J. Studnička, J. Úlehla, K. Rychlík and Q. Vetter. But from the 1950s to the 1980s only a few professionals from the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, along with a few university professors, devoted their attention to the history of mathematics. For example, we can mention two historians of mathematics, Jaroslav Folta and Luboš Nový, whose papers and activities became well-known in Europe. However, on account of various professional and political circumstances, no new generation of historians of mathematics was raised. The first step to the new development of research in the history of mathematics was made in the 1980s, when the special commission on history of mathematics was created at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University in Prague, thanks to activities of Jindřich Bečvář, Ivan Netuka and Jiří Veselý.

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Sergeĭ S. Demidov

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 77-92

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.207.4412

The First World War marked a turning point in the Russian history. The country entered the war in August 1914 as an empire, and in 1918, when the war ended, its name was: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. In 1917 it confronted two revolutions – the February and the October Revolutions. As a result of the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks ruled the country and began the construction of a new type of state. In 1918 a civil war broke out, which was largely over in 1920, but in some areas continued until 1922. In the end of 1922 the USSR was formed ‒ the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics. In this article we analyze the impact which these events had on academic and mathematical life. We discuss the mathematical schools of St. Petersburg and Moscow, mathematical centers in Kazan Kharkov, Kiev and Odessa, academic institutions relocated inland (University of Warsaw ,Riga Polytechnics) and others. We also mention mathematicians immigrants from Russia, who became a common phenomenon in mathematical communities of other countries.

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Stanisław Domoradzki

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 93-98

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.208.4413

In the paper, we discuss the exposition of material on the theory of surfaces in J. Puzyna’s monograph “Teorya funkcyj analitycznych” [Theory of Analytic functions] (published at the turn of XIX and XX centuries) which is necessary for consideration of the Riemann surfaces of analytic functions. Though the monograph contains elements of the set theory, the author preferred a descriptive exposition.

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Stanisław Domoradzki, Małgorzata Stawiska

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 99-115

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.209.4414

In this study, we present profiles of some distinguished graduates in mathematics of the Jagiellonian University from the years 1918‒1925. We discuss their professional paths and scholarly achievements, instances of scientific collaboration, connections with other academic centers in Poland and worldwide, involvement in mathematical education and teacher training, as well as their later roles in Polish scientific and academic life. We also try to understand in what way they were shaped by their studies and how much of Kraków scientific traditions they continued. We find strong support for the claim that there was a distinct, diverse and deep mathematical stream in Kraków between the wars, rooted in classical disciplines such as differential equations and geometry, but also open to new trends in mathematics.

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Stanisław Domoradzki, Małgorzata Stawiska

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 117-141

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.210.4415

In this study, we continue presenting profiles of some distinguished graduates in mathematics of the Jagiellonian University. We consider the years 1926‒1939, after the ministerial reform which allowed the students to graduate with a master’s degree. We also give a list of master’s theses in mathematics.

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Stanisław Domoradzki, Mykhailo Zarichnyi

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 143-152

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.211.4416

We provide one of the first surveys of results in the area of topology by representatives of the Lvov School of mathematics and mathematicians related to the University of Lvov. Viewed together, these results show the importance of this school in the creation of topology.

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Roman Duda

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 153-163

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.212.4417

Since medieval times mathematics was being developed mainly in Central and Western Europe but in the 19th century it greatly expanded both to the United States and to some countries of Central-Eastern Europe. This expansion, accompanied by the rapid growth of mathematics as a whole, has recently become an object of interest and investigation. The interest, however, reflects the Western viewpoint, cf. [17], with the bibliography covering Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Moscow. The aim of this paper is to outline the history of emerging national mathematical research communities in Russia, Poland, Bohemia, Lithuania and some other countries of Central-Eastern Europe.

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Piotr Flin, Katarzyna Bajan, Włodzimierz Godłowski

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 165-171

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.213.4418

In the article we outline the life of Ludwik Silberstein (1872‒1948). We present his approach to the matrix calculus and its application to the operator form of relativity. We also give the list of books on the subject written by him as well as translated by him.

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Karolina Karpińska

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 173-190

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.214.4419

In this article, one of the main postulates of the Merano Programme for teaching mathematics will be analysed, namely: teaching thinking in terms of functions. This postulate will be discussed in the context of its implementation at Torun Classical Grammar School. Through the detailed analysis of mathematics curricula implemented in the Torun lassical Grammar School at the beginning of the twentieth century, the mathematical textbooks then used and school-leaving examinations problems from the years 1905‒1911, the degree of fulfillment of the said postulate of the Merano Programme at the Torun school will be assessed.

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Jan Koroński

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 191-200

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.215.4420

This paper contains some information on the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow. It gives a detailed list of mathematical publications in the Dissertations and Reports of Meetings of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow in the years 1874‒1951.

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Jan Koroński

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 201-206

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.216.4421

The subject of this paper is an analysis of the publications of Stanisław Kępiński in the field of ordinary and partial differential equations. In particular we present part I and part II of the monograph (textbook) of Stanisław Kępiński on the ordinary and partial differential equations.

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Jan Koroński

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 207-217

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.217.4422

The subject of the paper is presentation of the publications of Stanisław Zaremba in the field of partial differential equations. We present selected results in detail. Zaremba published about 120 works. Among them more than 60 were devoted to partial differential equations.

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Marta Kosek

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 219-234

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.218.4423

We present a collection of facts given by the outstanding Polish mathematician Franciszek Leja (1885‒1979) in his unpublished memoirs, add some other information about him and list some institutions bearing his name.

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Lidia Obojska

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 235-245

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.219.4424

Jan Śleszyński, a great mathematician, is considered a pioneer of Polish logic; however, he was not connected with the famous Warsaw School of Logic (WSL). He believed that his mission was a critical evaluation of work of other logicians in the field of foundations of mathematics and proof theory. Among his writings we find several notes regarding the work of Stanisław Leśniewski (the co-founder of the WSL) and his collective set theory. These remarks are the subject of investigation of the presented paper.

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Roman Sznajder

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 247-254

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.220.4425

In 1937, Stefan Kaczmarz proposed a simple method, called the Kaczmarz algorithm, to solve iteratively systems of linear equations Ax = b in Euclidean spaces. This procedure employs cyclic orthogonal projections onto the hyperplanes associated with such a system. In the case of a nonsingular matrix A, Kaczmarz showed that his method guarantees convergence to the solution of Ax = b. The Kaczmarz algorithm was rediscovered in 1948 and became an important tool in medical engineering. We briefly discuss generalizations of this method and its ramifications, including applications in computer tomography, image processing and contemporary harmonic analysis.

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Jan Woleński

Czasopismo Techniczne, Nauki Podstawowe Zeszyt 2-NP (20) 2015, 2015, s. 255-265

https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.15.221.4426

This paper describes the philosophy of logic and mathematics in Poland in the years 1918‒1939. The special attention is attributed to the views developed in the Polish Mathematical School and the Warsaw School of Logic. The paper indicates various differences between mathematical circles in Warszawa, Lvov and Kraków.

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Słowa kluczowe: number theory, geometry, infinity and theology, Warsaw University, Interwar period, “Free study”, Study of Mathematics, Freshers, Students’ clubs, Guidance for students, Stanisław Ulam, Lvov School of mathematics, Borsuk-Ulam theorem, Kuratowski- -Ulam theorem, topological groups and semigroups, Prague German mathematics community (1913‒1934), history of Mathematics in the Czech Republic, history of mathematics in the Russian empire at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries, changes in mathematical centers in the Soviet Russia, history of mathematics in Poland, Lvov university, Riemann surfaces, history of mathematics in Poland, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, history of mathematics in Poland, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, topology, history of mathematics in Poland, Lvov School of Mathematics, history of mathematics in countries of Central-Eastern Europe in the 19th c, Ludwik Silberstein, matrix calculus, theory of relativity, mathematics, functions, dependent variables, Merano Programme, Torun Grammar School, Torun Classical Grammar School, Torun Real School, school-leaving examinations in the early 20th c., Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, Mathematical publications, Dissertations and Reports of Meetings of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, publications of Stanisław Kępiński, differential equations, partial differential equations, publications of Stanisław Zaremba, 20th century European mathematicians, Jagiellonian University, biography, Franciszek Leja, foundations of mathematics, set theory, element, set, Kaczmarz method, systems of linear equations, computer tomography, image reconstruction, set theory, the foundations of mathematics, pluralism