This article contains results of studies on the applicability of data from Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for the purposes of geographical studies regarding the spatial mobility of inhabitants within a big city. The article focuses on the option of applying two types of sub-systems – induction loops and automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR) – and includes examples of analyses based on the resulting data, which can serve as a basis for mobility studies. The area on the example of which the capabilities of application of ITS data have been presented is Lodz – a large city in central Poland. The conducted research shows that ITS systems offer an enormous potential in providing data for spatial mobility studies. In order to fully exploit its worth, however, it is imperative to expand the research procedure by including, for instance, the results of qualitative research. Also, the interpretation of results obtained on the basis of ITS data ought to be performed with an awareness of numerous significant preliminary and simplifying assumptions.

Road infrastructure has been identified as a major factor in the development of a nation and where is lacking or inadequate usually creates a memorable hardship for road users. To this end, this study assessed the state of road infrastructure in selected urban centres in Kogi State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire cum field observation were deployed to collect the required data for the study. The structure questionnaire were administered to one thousand, two hundred and fifteen (1,215) household heads in the selected urban centres to elicit information on the perception of the urban dwellers with the state of road infrastructure. More importantly, Z-Score technique was utilized to show variation in the distribution of road infrastructure in the selected urban centres in Kogi State. Findings revealed that disparity exists in the provision of road infrastructure across the selected urban centres in the study area with the highest Z-Score value of 3.85 in Lokoja and a least Z-Score value of -0.28 in Mopa-Amuro. Findings also indicated that that the respondents (urban dwellers) were dissatisfied with the condition of road network and fairly satisfied with the state of bridge and drainage system, lay-by and walk way, street light, traffic/road sign and parking spaces available in the study area. Having revealed the level of satisfaction of respondents with the physical state of existing road infrastructures and their serviceability, the study recommends that Kogi State government should made concerted efforts to develop and implement standard road infrastructure capacity framework for road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance across the urban centres in Kogi State.

Cost-suitability land modeling is one of the mandatory conditions for the proposal of new transport development projects, in order to achieve optimal costs of design and construction. In the present study, we intend to present a model for assessing land suitability for current and proposed transport infrastructure along the Orient-East Med TEN-T Corridor, in the mountainous region of the Timiș-Cerna Corridor (Romania). The relevant factors for our analysis were outsourced from various thematic data sets and refer to lithology, morphological and morphometrical properties of landforms, soil characteristics and climatic setting of the study area. Conservation of natural environment and human habitat was also taken into consideration by means of analyzing land use patterns and spatial distribution of protected areas. The methodology is based on the principles of cartographic algebra and vector overlay analysis, currently implemented in various GIS applications. The results of our study aim for the identification of critical sectors along the current and proposed transport infrastructure, which intersect areas with high development cost and low suitability. Starting from our observations, specialists in transport networks and spatial planning could make use of dedicated computation algorithms to identify and describe optimal routes for future infrastructure projects that would connect the southern and western parts of the country.

Artykuł stanowi omówienie koncepcji miasta piętnastominutowego. Immobilność i izolacja społeczna wywołana sytuacją pandemiczną była impulsem do poszukiwania nowych zasad organizacji przestrzeni i kierunków rozwoju miast. Jedną z odpowiedzi była koncepcja miasta piętnastominutowego, która zyskała dużą popularność dzięki wskazaniu jej przez władze Paryża. Miasto piętnastominutowe ma stanowić nie tylko najlepszą odpowiedź na wyzwania zrównoważonego rozwoju, ale również w optymalny sposób zapewniać odporność. Artykuł prezentuje ewolucję od idei zaprezentowanej przez w debacie publicznej do koncepcji badawczej. Miasto piętnastominutowe prezentowane jest także w odniesieniu do innych koncepcji urbanistycznych.

Słowa kluczowe: planowanie przestrzenne, polityka transportowa, miasto piętnastominutowe, dostępność piesza

Theoretical foundations of the concept of a fifteen-minute city in the context of the debate on the relationship between spatial planning and transport policy

The paper discusses the concept of a 15-minute city. The immobility and social isolation caused by the pandemic situation was an impulse to search for new rules of space organization and directions of urban development. One of the answers was the concept of the fifteen-minute city, which gained great popularity due to being adopted by the Paris authorities. A 15-minute city has been seen not only to be the best response to the challenges of sustainable development, but also to be an optimal resilience. The paper presents the evolution of 15-minute city: from the idea presented in the public debate to the research concept. A 15-minute city is also presented in relation to other concepts of urban development.

Keywords: urban planning, transport policy, 15-minute city, walkability

Jednym z najważniejszych wydarzeń międzynarodowych, które pozwalają na daleko idącą promocję kraju, miejsca czy regionu są wystawy światowe zwane Expo. Celem poniższego artykułu jest ocena zmian dostępności transportowej terenów, na których ma odbyć się wystawa Expo Horticultural w Łodzi, na podstawie analizy systemu transportowego i liczby ludności przed i w trakcie organizacji imprezy. Analizowany obszar jest warty uwagi, ponieważ stanowi pierwsze z miast gospodarzy, które zdecydowało się na organizację tego typu wydarzenia niemal w centrum miasta, co jest wyzwaniem dla całego systemu transportowego. W pracy posłużono się analizami sieciowymi. Poniższe wyniki badań dowodzą, że wybrana lokalizacja wystawy spowoduje pogorszenie dostępności transportowej tego obszaru.

Changes in transport accessibility of city residents in the face of the organization of world exhibitions on the example of Expo Horticultura in Łódź

One of the most important international events that allow for far-reaching promotion of a country, place or region are world exhibitions called Expo. The purpose of the article below is to assess the changes in transport accessibility of the areas where the Expo Horticultural exhibition in Łódź is to be held, based on the analysis of the transport system and the number of people before and during the organization of the event. The analyzed area is noteworthy because it is the first host city that decided to organize such an event almost in the city center, which is a challenge for the entire transport system. Network analyzes were used in the work. The research results below prove that the chosen exhibition location will deteriorate the transport accessibility of this area.

Keywords: transport accessibility, changes in transport accessibility, Expo, world exhibition, Łódź

W pracy przedstawiono funkcjonowanie infrastruktury służącej do odprawy pasażerskiej, zarówno miejsc odjazdów autobusów PKS, jak i przewoźników prywatnych, w małych miastach województwa podkarpackiego: Leżajsku, Lubaczowie, Łańcucie oraz Przeworsku. Położenie dworców w przestrzeni miejskiej, forma ich organizacji oraz komfort zapewniany pasażerom cechują się znacznym zróżnicowaniem. Przyczyną dzisiejszego stanu są przemiany własnościowe i organizacyjne, jakie zaszły w ostatnich dekadach, zarówno w całej branży przewozów autobusowych, jak i indywidualnie w przypadkach konkretnych obiektów dworcowych. Przy pomocy autorskiego wskaźnika określono rozmieszczenie dworców względem najważniejszych obiektów infrastruktury publicznej; zidentyfikowano także zagospodarowanie funkcjonalne najbliższego otoczenia. W rozpatrywanej próbie dominują negatywne przykłady przemian infrastruktury. Większość miejsc odprawy pasażerskiej nie zapewnia pasażerom podstawowych udogodnień – jedynie trzy obiekty posiadają wszystkie wymagane prawem podstawowe elementy dworca.

Location and operation of bus stations in selected small towns in Podkarpackie Voivodeship

The paper presents the functioning of the infrastructure used for passenger check-in, both for PKS bus departure points and private carriers, in small towns in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship: Leżajsk, Lubaczów, Łańcut and Przeworsk. The location of the stations in urban space, the form of their organisation and the comfort provided to passengers vary greatly between stations. Among the reason for their current state are organizational transformations and ownership changes that have taken place over the last decades, both in the whole bus transport industry and individually in the case of specific stations. The custom indicator has been used to determine the distribution of stations in relation to the most important public infrastructure facilities; functional development of the nearest surroundings has also been identified. Negative examples of infrastructure transformation prevail in analysed sample. Most check-in places do not provide passengers with basic amenities – only three objects have all the basic elements of a station required by law.

Keywords: public transport, bus station, small towns, Podkarpackie Voivodeship