The study calculated an index of hourly absenteeism, average time spent absent from work, the Bradford index, and costs of lost productivity associated with absenteeism. The analysis was carried out on the basis of selected division criteria, which included: the patient’s age and gender, the province in which the patient lives, and the disease unit on the basis of which the e-ZLA form was issued. The research was conducted for the year 2020, due to the fact that it was a full pandemic year and because the identification and analysis of sickness absenteeism in unusual, uncertain, and unpredictable situations is extremely important for maintaining and developing the competitive position of companies and for maintaining a sustainable policy in the sphere of health and social insurance.

The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on the mental and physical wellbeing of almost every individual on the globe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population of students studying in Krakow, Poland. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the impact of the epidemic on the lives of students around the world. The aftermath of the pandemic is discussed ranging from obligatory educational changes, sudden  transformations in the job market, to the psychosocial consequences of the new circumstances that came with the spread of the virus. An analysis of a study conducted on students from Krakow is presented; it indicates that professors’ preparation for online classes is for the most part unsatisfactory. Interestingly, however, many students are satisfied with the fact that their education is conducted remotely. Compared to the data from currently available studies, the level of pandemic stress is slowly decreasing over time. Although people’s psychological wellbeing is improving, it has not returned to its pre-pandemic state.

The aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the perception of the situation of LGBT students in schools. The analysis was broadened by incorporating the research question of whether there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and the beliefs and attitudes about the situation of LGBT students in schools. The study highlights the low level of common education in the field of anti-discrimination policy. An analysis of an online survey was carried out, the data were analyzed through chi-square test of independence, allowing to determine the connection of the variables. The results show a clear association between sexual orientation, belief systems, and the perception of the situation of LGBT students in the school environment. It was concluded that in order to improve the situation of LGBT students it is necessary to instruct the teaching staff in the methods of engaging in conversation with students about sexual orientation, as well as in ways of recognizing and reacting to manifestations of school homophobia.