The study reported in this article portrays production of news in three news agencies: Swedish TT, Italian ANSA and the worldwide Reuters. It is a study of organizing rather than of journalism, and it reveals two accelerating phenomena: cybernetization (machines play a more and more central role in news production) and cyborgization (people rely more and more on machines). As usual, however, technological developments lead to many unexpected consequences and complications. 

This paper addresses the place of Poland’s public television network, Telewizja Polska (TVP) within the country’s media system. The role of journalists is an important element of public media. In an author view Poland’s public media as part of a system of polarised pluralism, as described in Daniel Hallin and Paolo Mancini’s classification. The main aspect of this research is that of TVP’s transformation in its approach to technology. Journalists who started working in the 1990s have different attitudes from younger staff to the network’s public objectives. They are usually less competent in new media and less concerned about technological convergence and social media. The research involved unstructured interviews with TVP journalists.

The condition for the existence of independent local press is its economic self-sufficiency. An analysis of the financial statements of private local weekly publishers shows that their financial condition has deteriorated signifi cantly in recent years. This was mainly due to the decline in print press readership and the outflow of advertisers to the Internet. Revenues from issue sales and advertising revenue in 2018 decreased by an average of 1/3 compared to 2010. The reduction in publishing costs slightly improved the financial results of the owners of local weeklies. Their profits decreased on average by 150%, which for most meant incurring losses on operations. The deteriorating financial condition of publishers threatens a reduction of the quality of the local press, recduction of the number of titles or further concentration of ownership in this media segment. 

The article describes the phenomenon of patostreaming which is present in the Polish Internet. The authors applied the desk research method and the analysis of media content. The authors explain what is characteristic of patostreaming and how it was created. There is an analysis of media content published by the most recognizable patostreamers: Gural, Rafatus, Daniel Magical and Rafonix. There is a defi nition of the most important concepts related to the discussed problem, as well as the classification of patostreaming content. The second part of the paper analyses the phenomenon from the legal point of view, taking into account the issues of legal liability of persons submitting content, persons viewing content, as well as platforms providing access to this material. The authors also discussed legal diffi culties related to solving the patostreaming problem.

The article describes the phenomenon of patostreaming which is present in the Polish Internet. The authors applied the desk research method and the analysis of media content. The authors explain what is characteristic of patostreaming and how it was created. An analysis of media content has been published by the most recognizable patostreamers: Gural, Rafatus, Daniel Magical and Rafonix. A definition of the most important concepts related to the discussed problem, as well as the classification of patostreaming content, have been included. The second part of the paper analyses the phenomenon from the legal point of view, taking the issues of legal liability of persons submitting content, persons viewing content, as well as platforms providing access to this material into account. The authors also discussed the legal diffi culties related to solving the patostreaming problem.