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International Journal of Contemporary Management

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np. 1234-6789
np. 10.4467/16890027AP.16.022.6009
np. Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Numer 16(1)

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Data publikacji: 03.11.2017

Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND ikona licencji

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Ludmiła Zawadzka

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 7 - 9

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Ewa Okoń-Horodyńska, Anna Zachorowska-Mazurkiewicz, Rafał Wisła, Tomasz Sierotowicz

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 11 - 33

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.001.7045
Background. Innovations are one of the sources of economic growth and long-term development. Therefore it is important to consider which factors form, influence, and promote innovative activities.
Research aims. The main objective of the article is to identify the differences in opinions between men and women employed in innovative enterprises regarding solutions promoting innovative activities, which should be taken into account, while public policy is designed.
Methodology. In order to reach this objective, a survey concerning the institutional context of the process of innovation was conducted among research personnel in companies that received public financial support for their innovative activities. In order to group different institutional solutions influencing women and men, the cluster analysis was used.
Key findings. The results of the study show that institutional solutions promoting innovative activities are not gender neutral, indicating that there are both similarities and differences in women’s and men’s opinions, as well as in opinions regarding the solutions promoting innovative activities by women and men. The work environment is perceived as the most powerful determinant of the process of innovation. However, a combination of innovation policy and public actions for equality also plays a role in the development of innovations. 
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Barbara Liberda, Olga Zajkowska

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 37 - 59

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.002.7046
Background. Gender inequality hinders economic growth by lowering the pool of potential talents for production, through distorted access of one gender to education, employment, entrepreneurship, and creation of innovation. Research on policies on entrepreneurship, innovation and gender is of great importance for deciding on the best policy mix to diminish losses of welfare due to gender inequality. 
Research aims. The aim of this paper is to examine how the policies towards innovation and entrepreneurship in Europe address the issue of gender equality. The question we put is whether entrepreneurship-targeting and innovation-targeting policies are gender-oriented, gender-neutral, or gender-indirect-discriminating. 
Methodology. Our focus is on the intersection of the areas of innovations, entrepreneurship, and gender. We analyse models of innovation systems: National Innovation Systems, Tripple Helix, and Quadruple Helix Models and discuss if they address gender equality in innovations.
Key findings. We claim that a gender perspective is missing in policies towards innovation and entrepreneurship. Innovation policies in Europe target mostly male-dominated industries. The paper concludes that science-based policies on entrepreneurship and innovation should incorporate gender equality as their structural feature. 
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Maria Rybaczewska

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 61 - 81

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.003.7047
Background. The present article investigates the complex and interdisciplinary field of the employer image of the company and provides a new perspective on its determinants – the one of potential and current customers instead of the human resources experts. 
Research aims. The main research aim is to explore the employer image of the telecommunications companies – its specificity, perception and relations with other sub-images. 
Methodology. Research objects were the opinions and judgements of the respondents concerning, the general and employer image of the mobile telecommunications companies. Research subject was a group of 896 users of mobile telecommunications services selected with the application of the simple random selection methods. 
The scientific description and analysis of the primary research results was connected with the application of the one-way analysis of variance, t-Student test, two-step clustering, and some further statistical methods.
Key findings. Secondary and primary source analyses resulted in the statement that although the employer image is just one of the sub-images of the organisation it is also a very complex and influential field not only from the point of view of the human capital management, but also from the customers’perspective. 
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Katarzyna Białek

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 83 - 108

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.004.7048
Background. Previous studies have established a negative relationship between becoming a firm owner and gender. A question may arise if there are any differences between those who change their job to wage employment and people who set up a company.
Research aims. This study examines the differences and similarities between women and men who switched to entrepreneurship and those who changed their job to labour employment.
Methodology. Data from the Social Diagnosis 2015 – Objective and Subjective Quality of Life in Poland Survey are used to examine the relationship. The study uses a classification tree to examine the differences. The factors examined are as follows: education level, age, region, size of the city, social variables, and psychological characteristics.
Key findings. We find that marital status and social capital are important for women who switched into entrepreneurship, while length of unemployment and experience in working abroad are significant for male entrepreneurs.
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Marta Hozer-Koćmiel, Sandra Misiak-Kwit, Ewa Lisowska, Ewa Rumińska-Zimny

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 109 - 126

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.005.7049
Background. Innovation has not only become a common theme in academic research but it also tops public debates and policy agendas worldwide.
Research aims. The paper takes a theoretical and practical approach to innovation in women-led small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It consists of two parts. In the first part we provide a critical review of the literature on gender and innovation, pointing out that the gender dimension is not taken into consideration. It this context we attempt to provide a gender-sensitive definition of innovation and its policy implications. In the second part we present the results of a pilot survey on women-led SMEs in Baltic Sea countries.
Methodology. The survey’s questions permitted to analyse motives for, and barriers to start own SME by women in creative industries and tourism, as well as the scope of innovations in their businesses and the availability of the financial and institutional support at national and local levels. It was conducted in 2015 among 102 women owners of firms in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden.
Key findings. The main conclusion is that women’s economic and innovative potential remains untapped in all countries which that companiec representing the sector of creative industries/services are more innovative than companies representing the tourism sector. The paper is part of the project: Thematic Partnership Winnet Baltic Sea Region Winnet BSR “Gender, Innovation and Sustainable Development in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR)”, financed by the Swedish Institute in 2013–2016 (www.balticsearegion.org/web/).
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Jana Marie Šafránková, Klára Šimonová

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 127 - 143

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.006.7050
Background. Background of the paper is based on human capital, who is the only stable source of competitive advantage for an organisation in knowledge and creative economy. The added value is created by people. Gender diversity is not sufficiently employed in the context of creativity. 
Research aim. The paper is based on the authors’ scientific research results and teaching experience, the research aim of the paper is to analyse different views on knowledge and creative competencies in the period of job preparation during university studies. 
Methodology. The methodology employed is quantitative research and a case study of systematic and long-term observations of students’ behaviour in creative case studies. The paper is looking for answers to three questions: Are there gender differences in the approach to accomplishment of tasks related to application of creativity? What is different in these approaches? What creative competencies are the most used and the most desired in organisation practice? 
Key findings. Key findings from the research are revealed that there are certain variances, but weak; it seems that the main difference is coming from their personality. Gender differences apply to situations where it is convenient to use spatial abstract imagination (for men) or verbally addresing problems or specific objects (for women).
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Aleksandra Wąsowska

International Journal of Contemporary Management, Numer 16(1), 2017, s. 145 - 165

https://doi.org/10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.007.7051
Background. Although international business literature is focused on growth, the process of internationalisation is non-linear and not necessarily “forward-moving.” Recently, there have been numerous calls for studies that would increase the understanding of the phenomenon of “de-internationalisation.” 
Research aims. This study investigates the firm-specific determinants of the SMEs’ decisions to withdraw from export activity. 
Methodology. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the sample of 4105 independent SMEs from EU-28. 
Key findings. High perceived barriers to internationalisation increase the likelihood of export withdrawal, while firm size and firm performance decrease the likelihood of export withdrawal. 
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