In the article the essence and range of young people citizenship is discussed. Results of research on citizenship activity of Poles in relation to other young Europeans and to adolescence stages are presented. Referring to citizenship model by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz (2011) 3796 adolescents aged 11, 14, 18 from 11 European countries including 361 Poles were examined with Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Young Poles in relation to other European adolescents have presented higher level of personal and social citizenship, of national identity and patriotism, but higher reluctance to politics and protests. Their involvement in personal and for change activity has been stable though their engagement into other forms of citizenship has decreased with age.

The present paper verifies the assumptions about the importance of parental attitudes for the mechanism of formation of aggressive behavior in adolescents. It was carried out on the basis of a series of three studies. The aim was to assess the significance of any links between: parental attitudes and expression of aggressive behavior of the respondents in the second phase of adolescence (N = 237). The basic research question concerned the problem of stability and change during aggression in relation to the gender of respondents and their parenting attitudes. The study used: Parental’ Attitude Scale (SPR-2) (Plopa, 1987, 2005), tools for the study of aggression (Wójcik) and BPAQ (Buss, Perry, 1992). The research found that there are: (1) significant differences between girls and boys in their late adolescence in the manifestations of aggression, (2) a significant relationship between specific parental attitudes and adolescent aggressive behavior depending on the gender of children a,nd their parents’, (3) changes in the manifestation of aggressiveness depending on the cultural context. Constellations of parental attitudes have diagnosed, which substantially relate to the intensity of adolescent aggressive responses and the occurrence of physical forms of aggression. It was also found that the influence of parental attitudes on growing children’s aggressive behavior is limited by gender of the child and the parent.

The goal of the study was to investigate the link between adolescents’ home environment and their sense of injustice, emotional vulnerability and willingness to forgive others. Participants of the study were junior high school students raised in functional and dysfunctional families as well as students brought up in children’s homes. All participants filled in a detailed personal inventory which measured the degree of their sense of injustice. In the second part of the study we asked participants to predict their reactions to hypothetical scenarios. Participants from dysfunctional families cited a greater variety of sources of their sense of injustice and reported experiencing a sense of injustice more often than their peers, whereas participants who lived in children’s homes more often than other participants felt that fate had dealt them short. Willingness to forgive others was greatest among participants brought up in children’s homes, the remaining two groups of participants did not differ from each other in this respect.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sense of coherence, identity styles and religiosity during emerging adulthood. The study included 153 subjects (aged 18 to 25 years). The hypothesis about relationship between identity styles and sense of coherence was only partially confirmed. The analysis showed that a diffuse – avoidant style reduce sense of coherence as well as its components: comprehensibility and meaningfulness. The other identity styles were not predictors of sense of coherence but there was a positive correlation between normative style and sense of coherence. There was no relationship between informational style and sense of coherence. Also a level of religiosity proved to have no relevance to sense of coherence.

The article presents the results of a study carried out in a group of 80 women in early adulthood and 72 women in later adulthood. The primary goals were to examine the relationships of need for cognition and two forms of cognitive processing of self-related information (reflective self-focus and integrative self-knowledge) to multiple dimensions of sense of identity, and to test for life stage differences in the magnitude of these relationships. Significant differences were observed in the reflective self-focus levels and strength of sense of identity between the two groups of women. The obtained results also indicated that – regardless the stage of life – a tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive tasks as well as a tendency to integrate past, present, and desired future self-experience into a meaningful whole favored maintenance of sense of identity. The effects of reflection appeared more complicated.

This article contains the main assumptions of the social-cognitive model of identity construction by M. Berzonsky, the characteristics of the Polish adaptation of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5), a report from five studies conducted using this questionnaire, and an evaluation of the ISI-5’s Polish adaptation. We followed the guidelines provided by the authors of the ISI-5 (Berzonsky, Soenens, Luyckx, Smits, Papini, Goossens, 2013), adjusting our procedure and analysis of results to the original ISI-5 study. The results obtained showed the adaptation to have similar properties to its original. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed the fit of the Polish data to the three-factor model of identity styles (RMSEA = .062; sRMR = .069; GFI = .90). Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for ISI-5 scales were satisfactory and measured .68 for the Normative style scale, .77 for the Informational style scale, .71 for the Diffuse-avoidant style scale, and .80 for the Commitment scale. Intercorrelations between ISI-5 scales were also similar to those provided by Berzonsky et al. (2013). Correlations of ISI-5 scales with dimensions of identity (DIDS) and factors of personality (NEO-FFI) were approximate to the expected ones as well