The educational aims of the educational reform which is now well underway come in the form of measurable and material indicators such as the results of the external test, educational added value or test pass rate with respect to the secondary school final examinations. There is no doubt that until recently such terminology was reserved for economics. It is worth remembering that the primary aim of education, as declared in the Education Act, is “to provide an impulse to full development of each student”. By its nature, such an aim is non-measurable and intangible. The paper shows that education subordinated to external examinations is a barrier to the comprehensive development of the young as defined in Jung’s theory. Basic functions concerning reception and valuation of information in relation to the formal requirements laid down for the secondary school final examination in Polish were analysed. The nature of these requirements may lead to the dominance of sensing-thinking type in the comprehensive cognition of a human personality. Other preferences may prove useless or simply harmful. Jung’s theory helps point out that educational requirements subordinated to measurable indicators are painfully one-sided. Consequently, they pose a serious risk of developmental fragmentation.

For market specialists no group of consumers is lost. That is why the developmental task of taking on a parental role is automatically combined with the commercialization of parenting. This phenomenon relies on the redefinition of motherhood and fatherhood in terms of the market. Two main tendencies can be observed. The first one is connected with the important description of a parent as a consumer, e.g. treating them as investors, or relating to a typology of shopping mothers. The second one is connected with using psychology for projecting consumer behaviors, e.g. the analysis of parents’ vulnerability to the nag factor or milestone marketing. The possible consequences and the ways to control the commercialization of parenting will be discussed.

The main aim of the present investigation is to gain knowledge about teachers’ beliefs concerning the possibility of modeling pupils’ moral character. The main components in the process of moral education are a teacher’s personality, awareness of their role in education, their skills and competencies and belief in the possibility of infl uencing their pupils. In view of these facts it has been agreed that there should be conducted a study to examine how teachers assess their own abilities and skills in modeling their pupils’ character, and how they see teachers’ overall possibilities in this area.
The research used a questionnaire “Character Education Effi cacy Belief Instrument” developed by Milson and Mehlig (2002). This tool measures teachers’ beliefs concerning their effectiveness of modeling pupils’ moral character. There are two scales used in this measurement. The first scale allows to assess teachers’ personal effectiveness of teaching (personal teaching efficacy – PTE) and the second one allows to assess general effectiveness of teaching (general teaching efficacy – GTE). There were 218 people involved in the research (83% were women, and 17% men). The results show a signifi cant difference between the assessment of personal teaching effectiveness (PTE) and general teaching effectiveness (GTE). Respondents (teachers) evaluate their own abilities in modeling their pupils’ moral characters higher than the general ability of teachers in this respect. Three factors were taken into account in the analysis: teacher’s gender, type of school where the respondents work and subjects they teach.