The study presents the analysis of the financial costs of commuting by car to Warsaw and the voivodeship cities in 2012. The elements which were analysed: the costs of fuel, the cost of the time equivalent and the motorway tolls. In the case of estimation of time and construction of isochrones, the model of velocity of motion was used. The range of commuting in terms of economic costs was differentiated by the level of remuneration in each city. The results of economic diversification were reported using isodapane method (a line of equal costs) in several variants. The studies showed a large differentiation in the economic accessibility and a negative impact of motorway tolls, estimated at 70% of the costs incurred on the road and on an annual basis of 122 million PLN (at the same speed conditions). The article also calls for an increase in the interest of research in economic accessibility, argued for the need to optimize transport services in the light of the progressive deconcentration of settlements and the depopulation challenges.

The aim of the study was to analyse the operation of passenger railway stations and station buildings in Poland, as well as the changes that occurred in connection with investments in infrastructure. The studies covered active passenger and railway stations as listed in the train timetable 2016/2017 and included comparison to the timetable 2009/2010. Two research questions were asked: about the layout of passenger stations and active railway stations in Poland and about the impact of investments in railway infrastructure carried out in the years 2010-2016 on the number of passenger stations and on the condition of railway stations.
In 2017 there were 2497 active passenger stations, located in 2063 localities. An average density of passenger stations in Poland was 0.80 station per 100 km2 and 0.65 station per 10,000 residents. At 622 passenger stations there were active station buildings, i.e. open for travellers. On many station buildings the scope of service for travellers was limited to a waiting room.
As a result of investments carried out in the years 2010-2016, about 100 railway stations were modernised and several more were renovated. Moreover, about 50 new passenger stations were built. During that time, several processes were taking place simultaneously: closing passenger stations, reducing their operation to weekend or seasonal traffic, and opening new and previously closed passenger stations.

The article covers the problem of the accessibility of temporary services to the public on foot and using public transport in Gdynia. The publication emphasizes the indication vary in accessibility of different services in a medium-sized city that has a specific layout of streets and population distribution. The specific placement of residents corresponds to the distribution of selected services (will train, primary schools, secondary schools - gymnasium, high schools, hospitals, offices NFZ, pharmacies). All of these services according to the theory of location always are located near large urban population centres. Location decisions are taken in relation to a specific, existing system, economic and spatial. This results in consequences for efforts to optimize the deployment of services. In a review of English literature there are many publications on the impact of public transport change accessibility. Article thus aims to enrich the literature of another development related to the public transport accessibility in Poland. The study used data from the location selected services and original model of public transport in Gdynia. Key findings from the study suggest that: (1) reduction of travel time where most people reside are between 10 and 15 min ride public transport services, (2) within 30 minutes isochrones services in Gdynia live 211 thousand people, it is 85 percent of the inhabitants of Gdynia.

Multi-airport systems work as the competition for aerotropolis concept as the solution for organizing aviation nodes for great cities. As a part of the paper Author identified multi-airport systems in the world. Features of their location and the results of development paths analysis are presented. Author took under consideration primary functions of objects that build such system with their further transition. This approach gave the possibility to outline multi-airport systems genesis and differentiation. Paper is finished with the attempt to evaluate the advantages of multi-airport systems compared to the aerotropolis concept.

The analysis was concerning the number of trains per day on particular sections of railway lines, timing availability of regional trains departing from Szczecin and the quantity of passengers, whitch had been transported in the year of 2014. Transport accessibility by the regional trains during the period of study has significantly improved in terms of travel time, number of connections and quality of rolling stock. The analysis of passengers stream shows that regional rail traffic is concentrated around the city of Szczecin and in the minor amount around the city of Koszalin. Changes in regional railway transport in the voivodeship were consistent, that is: rolling stock and modernization of routes had influenced on the positive change in the functioning of public transport in the region. In the year of 2015, West Pomeranian regional rail transport was one of the best performing in Poland.

Czech-polish borderland is characterised by high railway transport development. But there are significant differences, which affect on disproportions between two regions. Border regions show similar demographic and economic potential. In paper will be made analysis of railway transport services between municpilaties headquaters; researches are based on potential model, efficiency indicator and analysis of railway transport offer. Also will be made attempt to compare level of development in local and regional scale. Transformation in Poland cause significant decrease of regional railway importance. In Czech Repubic local railways are essential component of transit system. In paper will be show biggest disproportions in transit development.