The problem of the study includes the development of shared mobility in Poland. The determinants of mobility policies development in the country and abroad were analyzed. Barriers and development tendencies were also determined. The study uses the following research methods: review and critical analysis of the literature on the subject and industry studies, statistical and GIS analysis. The conducted analyses clearly indicate that shared transport is systematically gaining popularity. It is conditioned, among others, by a change in the approach of decision makers to the development of urban centers, taking a more sustainable direction in their development activities. This transformation is also taking place in the approach to spatial-functional development of cities. It includes a shift from the traditional design model of focusing on car use to paying more attention to the needs of residents. It also results from a change in attitudes and awareness of urban users who recognize the negative environmental impacts resulting from their use. Statistical summaries in Central and Eastern European countries have been compiled and analysed. The results show that Poland is the leader in terms of the volume of users’ interest in using shared transport. A case study of Tricity was also used to investigate the attractiveness of shared transport services in its area. Both areas of concentration of shared services and areas where public transport is underdeveloped were identified, where it was pointed out that shared mobility can fill this gap.

The issue of micromobility and personal transport is more and more often undertaken in research on sustainable transport in cities. This is mainly due to the growing communication problems in urban areas, as well as the search for alternative forms of transport for cars. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic contributed to a decline in the popularity of public transport. Krakow is one of the Polish cities struggling with major communication problems. Therefore, for years, this city has been trying to reduce the number of cars and develop other forms of transport. One of the manifestations of this process is the creation of bicycle transport by the city authorities. The resulting bicycle infrastructure is now also used by electric scooters. The aim of the article is to analyze the accessibility and use of the two most popular alternative forms of personal transport among the inhabitants of Krakow – bicycles and electric scooters. The conducted research proved that the use of electric scooters is becoming more and more popular, mainly among young people, for short-distance commuting. The development of this type of transport depends on the range of these vehicles made available by private rentals.

This paper presents the spatial differentiation and the variation in the number of significant accidents (divided into: collisions, derailments, level-crossing accidents, accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion and fires) in relation to operation work in selected European countries from 2010 to 2017, using CSIs. CSIs (Common Safety Indicators) are statistical information relating to rail safety collected and made available by the European Union Agency for Railways (EUAR), which obtains them from European Union member states as well as from Norway and Switzerland. The analysis revealed the presence of a large disproportion in the number of accidents between Western and Eastern European countries, with a general decrease between 2010 and 2017 in both groups. The structure of significant accidents was also examined – accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion accounted for the majority, while level-crossing accidents also had a high proportion, suggesting that external factors (outside the railway system) largely influenced railway accident rates during the studied period. Particular attention was paid in the article to Poland, which at the beginning of the period under study was negatively distinguished in terms of the number of significant accidents, the number of derailments and the number of accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion not only in comparison with Western European countries, but also Eastern European countries, and at the end of the period in each category reached lower values than the latter group of countries.

This research is based on the analysis of unpublished data on the average daily traffic of freight trains on the railway network managed by PKP Polish Railway Lines and Broad Gauge Metallurgical Railway Line. The changes that took place at that time on the rail freight market in Poland were also presented in terms of the volume and structure of freight transport, the number of carriers, and their market share. The 2010-2020 decade was characterized by increased investments in the railway network in Poland, as well as the dynamic development of the carrier market and internal competition between them. However, these changes did not contribute to increasing the role of railways in the branch structure of transport. Rail traffic tended to be increasingly concentrated on the main routes. Invariably, for many years, the largest freight traffic was characterized by the CE65 main, connecting the ports of the Tri-City with Upper Silesia and the border with the Czech Republic. The current investments and the related track closures and routing trains by detours had an impact on the railway traffic distribution.

Nowadays society is becoming increasingly dependent not only on access to the Internet, but also on its quality, assessed by the speed of data transfer. Therefore, identify regularities in this regard particularly in spatial terms is an important issue both from cognitive and application point of view. The aim of the study is to identify the spatial differentiation of the Internet quality on a local scale in Poland. This phenomenon is considered in the context of digital divide, on two levels of interpretation: symmetry of Internet access and its substitution. The basic source of data used in the study is crowdsourcing data generated by Internet users via Ookla’s Speedtest tool. The data allow to determine the real – experienced by the users – speed of the Internet. As a result of the analysis of the typologies for municipalities prepared in the study, several regularities were identified with regard to the digital divide. Firstly, in the case of the Internet performance, the core-periphery dimension is not universal and obvious, as regional patterns are strongly visible. Secondly, looking at digital divide mainly through the lens of Internet access is definitely an insufficient approach in this research area.

The first twenty years of the 21st century, especially its second decade, was a period of dynamic growth in the number of transport geographers PhD promotions. The situation with independent academics (in Polish scientific system habilitated doctors and professors) was much worse. There was no such strong dynamics of the development of new staff as in the case of completed PhD procedures. Only one of habilitated doctors promoted in the analysed period is currently working as an associate professor, next one has quit Polish science, but the others have successively obtained professorships. A strong spatial polarization of the places where promotion procedures were carried out was also visible. The PhD processes were carried out by 11 institutions, but nearly 4/5 of them took place before the scientific councils of six of them. At the same time, almost 1/3 of the promotion took place at the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences of the Jagiellonian University and the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IGSO PAS). Additionally all habilitation procedures in the field of transport geography were completed in IGSO PAS I. The article points out that the current age structure of researchers of the sub-discipline is quite favourable, while its distortion in terms of research degrees and titles is worrying, where the group of habilitated doctors is disturbingly small, which means that a significant distortion of the pyramid reflecting it is visible. In the future, this may result in problems of the succession of generations.