The aim of the article is to answer the question about the results of EU funds which have been allocated to municipal rail-bound transport in Poland – trams, underground and suburban railways – between 2007 and 2013. In this period over 3,000 transport projects of the total value of 187, 5 billion zlotys were executed, of which 21% were absorbed by rail and almost 12% by municipal transport. Warsaw is the undoubted leader in European transport grants absorption in Poland, mainly due to the construction of the second underground line but also because of large scale tram system modernisation programme. Warsaw stands out as having the highest transport project value per capita as well. Other Polish cities which can be described as leaders are the Tricity with its Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway – the largest Polish rail investment over the last 25 years and Olsztyn – the first Central-Eastern European city which have reintroduced tram network. However, almost all Polish cities which have a municipal rail-bound transport system have made use of the opportunity connected with EU grants. The only exception is Gorzów Wielkopolski. It is to be hoped that these vast investments aid Polish cities in maintaining if not increasing the role of municipal transport.

The contemporary development of passenger air transport in the European Union countries occurs under conditions of complete liberalization of aviation market, with respect to all nine air freedoms. Among them are full cabotage connections, including domestic connection within a given country, previously allowed only to be offered by carriers registered in this country. Most cabotage connections have been established in southern European countries, i.e. in Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and Greece. Less common they are in Great Britain, Germany, Poland and Romania. Cabotage network is dominated by connections between far-apart airports on the mainland and island airports, as well as to/from airports not served by other fast means of transport, especially high-speed rail. Regional and satellite airports in the vicinity of large agglomerations are typical destinations, as are areas attractive for tourism. Cabotage connections have a large share in domestic markets of countries in which former legacy carriers have rather weak economic position (e.g. Italy, Greece, Poland, Romania). Cabotage service fills gaps in domestic networks and is rarely offered between main airports, where competition between carriers is strong. Implementation of cabotage helps to increase transport accessibility of peripheral regions.

The main aim of this paper is an attempt to assess the strength of relations between public transport accessibility and travel behaviours of inhabitants of urban areas (including transport mode choices and the level of mobility). In transport geography literature researches on travel behaviours are one of the most popular topics. In the same time the studies on Polish case studies seem underrepresented. Therefore with this paper I would like to fill this gap. In conducted analyses Poznan agglomeration was consider as research area. I used data from traffic studies (conducted in 2013 in Poznan and Poznan poviat) and original model for public transport accessibility. Additionally, land use characteristics were also taken into account. The most important conclusions flowing from conducted research suggest that: (1) high level of public transport accessibility (typical for compact and mixed-use development) corresponded with greater popularity of public transportation and lower frequency of private car use; (2) the inhabitants of suburban areas with low level of public transport accessibility travelled more than inhabitants in other locations – this could be connected with the characteristics of land use and individual preferences of inhabitants.

Spatial accessibility determines how easily certain places can be reached. In the context of public amenities in urban areas, it affects the ability to use certain goods and services by residents of this area. Better accessibility means shorter commutes, lower costs, and thus has a significant impact on quality of life. The main aim of this paper is an attempt to assess the distribution of spatial accessibility to selected public amenities in urban areas, with an example of the city of Toruń (Poland). The paper presents detailed research procedures, based on Open Street Map data, as well as network analysis and GIS technology used for calculating travel time accessibility. Additionally, a new methodology for analyzing the accessibility in a hexagonal grid of test fields is proposed, which allows for seamless analysis and visualization of travel times across city area. The proposed methodology has been used for assessing spatial accessibility to 16 different categories of public amenities in Toruń.

Bus transportation has undergone strong transformations, both at national and regional levels, due to the changes that have occurred since 1989. The article focuses on the spatial aspect of transformations while paying particular attention to: the organizational and ownership transformation of State Road Transport companies, the arrangement of carriers on individual communication lines and changes in courses and intensity of bus network. The analysis confirmed the intense transformation of bus transportation, which took place in both Lower Silesia and across entire Poland, is a result of economic transition and deregulation of transport services after 1989. The most important changes in the market include organizational and ownership transformation of State Road Transport companies and the emergence of new private carriers. If the courses and intensity of the connections are taken into account, it becomes necessary to pay attention to the increase in the number of courses at major bus lines that pass through main transport corridors while connections on the lines with smaller flow of passengers are being reduced and, in many cases, eliminated.

This article focuses on the verification of two selected strategic objectives Model of sustainable transport in Lodz 2020+. The study has been subjected to the legitimacy of the proposed document gradation interchanges and restriction of competition bus - tram on certain sections of the transport network within Lodz. For the analysis was used potential method, expanded to spatial statistics. The article was accompanied by an original review model in terms of the provisions relating to the point of network elements of the local public transport. The survey closes some of the conclusions and further comprising recommendations for the demands in model.