Volume 10, Issue 1

Marcela Świątkowska

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 7-8

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A modalidade é a alma da frase – alguns processos de expressão da modalidade nas línguas espanhola e portuguesa

Natalia Czopek

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 11-21

The principal purpose of the essay is to analyze the processes of the expression of modality in the Spanish and Portuguese languages and to present some linguistic means that the speaker can use in order to express his attitude towards the content of the message. The analysis includes the usage of verbal periphrasis, intonation, auxiliary verbs of modality, some tenses of the indicative mood, modal adverbs and modal particles. The paper puts emphasis on the role of the modal attitude of the speaker and different ways of expression provided by the aforementioned processes.

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Les couleurs dans les noms de lieux habités en France

Przemysław Dębowiak

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 22-44

The paper intends to present a colourful image of metropolitan France, based on 378 inhabited place names found in the European part of the French territory in which exists a reference to any colour. The studied toponymes, collected in their majority from the index attached to a road atlas of Europe, are analysed from etimological and formal point of view (corresponding, respectively, to division according to colour and classification in three groups: simple colour names, derivatives from colour names and composed names). The final considerations contain conclusions resulting from the analysis, sustained by several statistics and accompanied by two provisory maps illustrating some of indicated phenomena.

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Eva Klímová

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 45-60

The article deals with the passive in Italian and in English from the Functional Sentence Perspective point of view. While all the other verbal categories perform a function within the communicative units of the theme and the transition proper, the function of the passive is different: it may be observed as a means of changes within the syntactic structure of the sentence and, at the same time, as a means of changes in the sentence perspective. The conclusion is that the passive is more often used in English with the aim to change the fixed, i.e. grammaticalized word order. As a result the sentence prospective changes as well. In Italian the word order is more flexible and the passive is used especially with the aim to make anonymous the agent.

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Rimodellamento semantico di alcuni italianismi in polacco – uno studio contrastivo

Maria Malinowska

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 61-71

This paper analyzes the problem of semantic adaptation of some Italian lexical borrowings in Polish in comparison with Italian source lexemes. The differences in meaning are illustrated not only by definitional evidence from dictionaries but also by citational evidence from the Korpus języka polskiego PWN and the Corpus della Repubblica. The analysis aims at presenting processes of semantic change that Italian lexical borrowings underwent in Polish due to linguistic or extralinguistic factors. The analyzed lexical borrowings from Italian are used with referential value (gastronomic borrowings that undergo the process of specialization), appear as citations naming strictly Italian items (omerta, kamorra), copy the polysemy of the source lexemes (getto, mafia) or undergo semantic generalization and acquire a Polish specific meaning (kawaler) or differ in connotational meaning (faszyzm).

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Los dobletes “indirectos” (1611–1739). Aportaciones al estudio de los dobletes en español

Ewa Stala

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 72-89

This paper aims to highlight a phenomenon related with the Spanish etymological doublets: in contrast to the classical situation when a doublet originates of an identical Latin form, the subject of the study are the doublets in which one component is directly derived from classical Latin whereas the other from Vulgar or Medieval Latin. The analysis covers 15 doublets and comprises the following aspects: etymology and 1st documentation of both the popular and scholar form and their phonetic and semantic differences.

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Dos caras opuestas de la misma centuria. Notas sobre la morfología española del siglo XIII

Andrzej Zieliński

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 90-104

The main purpose of this study is to show the development of the morphology of the Castilian of XIII century, which can be separated on two large episodes: archaic and innovative. Analyzing the texts of that period, the author will demonstrate the impact of Spanish king Alfonso X of Castile’s work on the morphological paradigm through the innovation of linguistics forms which resulted, above all, by establishing Spanish as the official language in the Kingdom of Castile and León.

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Per rimediare alle differenze culturali: alla ricerca di strategie psicologiche individuali

Agnieszka Hennel-Brzozowska

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 107-123

Migration, as a phenomenon analyzed mostly from the macroeconomic, sociological and legal perspective has also specific psychological aspects. To describe the migrant’s coping strategies while encountering culture differences, some theoretical models are presented (Culture Shock Model according to Kalvaro Oberg, and three Culture Differences Models: according to Geert Hofstede, John Mole and Richard Gesteland), followed by some practical conclusions, deriving also from the author’s experience as a psychologist counseling migrants.

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Linguaggio della Seconda Repubblica nel panorama della comunicazione politica all’alba del nuovo millenio

Paulina Leśniak

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 124-134

The main focus of the article is to depict the changes in the political communication in Italy that happened at the beginning of the 90’s, as an aftermath of Mani pulite investigation and the changes within the voting system. The language, used by the politicians of the so-called “Second Republic” and the persuasive techniques they use to gain support of the electors, have undergone some modifications, due to the strong impact of the mass media, but also the new socio-political situation. According to the rules of marketing policy, communication is based on the construction of the image that would live up to the recipients’ expectations. Political communication remains under the influence of personalization and spectacle – the political language is the language of the leaders of different parties. However, the language itself is simple, comprehensible for most of the citizens. One of the politicians who have strong impact on the political situation in Italy is, undoubtedly, Silvio Berlusconi. He gained tremendously big support in short time period, by following the rules of marketing policy and using proper communication strategies.

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Errori dovuti a interferenze negli scritti degli apprendenti polacchi (livello intermedio e avanzato). Ricerca corpus based

Roman Sosnowski

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 135-156

This corpus-based research attempts at presenting errors of Polish intermediate and advanced students that can be found in Gran VALICO corpus. Only errors due to linguistic interference were taken into account. They were considered at the morphological, syntactic and lexical levels. Although interference is mostly present in the initial stage of language learning, some persistent errors were found also in writings with high overall evaluation. The problems involve, among others, use of ‘congiuntivo’ and ‘condizionale composto’, auxiliary verbs, spatial deictics and various types of the so-called false friends. It is also argued that corpus-based approach with a morphosyntactically annotated corpus is much more effective for managing linguistic data and sometimes reveals unexpected interference patterns.

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La situation de l’aranais par rapport à l’occitan de France

Katarzyna Wójtowicz

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 157-162

The Aranese language is one of the varieties of gascon regiolect, used in the Vall d’Aran on the Spanish Catalonia’s territory. Its situation is specific, comparing to the other varieties of the Occitan language. It is due to the fact, that Aranese is not submitted to French dominance. Also, in the Vall d’Aran, Spanish and Catalan are spoken too, provoking the situation of the trilingualism. During the history, the statut of the Aranes have not changed, it never was seriously endangered. The majority of Vall d’Aran’s inhabitants is able to use it, or possess the passive knowledge. The Aranese is taught in schools and the Generalitat’s laws assure for him the presence in public space. It is not visible, though, in the culture and art.
The situation of the Aranese differs from its position in France – its stronger and the linguistic identity of locutors is higher.

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La traduction de Lazarillo de Tormes en polonais. Sur le polissage de quelques griffes aigües du malin Lazarillo-Łazik

Sonia Fajkis

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 165-173

The first translation of Spanish masterpiece Lazarillo de Tormes appeared in Poland belatedly, in 1923, i.e. over 350 years after the earliest known edition from 1554. It seems that Maurycy Mann udertaking the translation of Łazik z Tormesu did not fully comprehend the complexity of the novel. The article takes a closer look at the way the hunger haunting the main character affects his perception of time. Making use of specific syntaxical, lexical and phonetic constructions the author succeeded in creating the atmosphere of acute prolongation of time. Those, among others, will become challenge for the translator of Polish version of the novel.

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Il tragico nell’Orbecche di Giambattista Giraldi Cinzio

Maria Maślanka-Soro

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 174-185

The article presents an analysis and interpretation of the tragic element in Giambattista Giraldi Cinzio’s Orbecche, the most renowned of this writer’s tragedies and the work which was the Senecan pioneer in the Italian Cinquecento, opening up a new chapter both in the history of this genre in the Renaissance and in his own oeuvre. The influence of Seneca may be observed above all at the level of its poetics of tragedy, in the characters, the conflict between furor and ratio, the sinister visions of the prologue, and the bloodthirsty scenes of violence and horror, some of them actually performed directly onstage in breach of the principle of decorum. One of Giraldi’s patent innovations is his departure from the mythological and historical subjects and focus on what might be termed “novelistic” subjects (the plot of Orbecche alludes to one of his novelle, while another would supply the story of Shakespeare’s Othello). Aristotle’s Poetics and its theory of tragedy was an important source of inspiration for Orbecche. Giraldi devoted a considerable amount of attention to an interpretation of the Aristotelian theory, especially its aspect of katharsis, in one of his theoretical works, Discorso intorno al comporre delle commedie e delle tragedie, and hence for a better understanding of the essence of the tragic in Orbecche this analysis makes numerous references to Discorso.

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René Laforgue lecteur de Baudelaire et Rousseau. Une lecture autobiographique ?

Dominique Rougé

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 186-193

Psychoanalysis of reading of the opus does not have a good reputation in our times. For the most part it stems from the fact that analyses have never stopped being full of themselves and have demanded a right to say the final word for a subject of the scrutinizing opus placing emphasis on the author’s personality. René Laforgue, who belongs to the first fraternity of french psychoanalysts, was doing research connected with artists like Baudelaire or Jean-Jacques Rousseau treating them not as the artists but as patients. This analyse, which was carried out by Laforgue, is created to put the final touch to his own conception of the neurosis of defeat criticizing by Freud. It is possible also to read authors mentioned above by Laforque in his biographical context. His suspicious connections with the occupier during the second world war ruined his reputation and resulted in his personal failure. It seems that a reason of this self-destruction was inattentive Freud’s attitude to himself as well as his work.

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La décapitation du roi, source des fantasmes post-lumières : du politique au poétique

Barbara Sosień

Romanica Cracoviensia, Volume 10, Issue 1, Volume 10 (2010), pp. 194-201

The decapitation of the Louis XVI, regardless of its political dimension, constitutes one of important sources of the Romantic imagination, not only French. In the literature of this period, in various functions and contexts, the images of the cut head appear in the works of Ch. Nodier, J. Janin, V. Hugo, A. Dumas-father, H. Balzac, A. Esquiros, G. de Nerval, Ch. Baudelaire, Lautréamont, Villiers de l’Isle-Adam... What is characteristic, in French historical novels, those representations become particularly frequent only since years 20. of the 19th century. A separate place is given to works which deal not with the relatively recent execution of Louis XVI by guillotine, but with the decapitation of the English king, in days of Cromwell, so one and a half years before, in London. One of those novels is Dumas’ Vingt ans après (Twenty Years After). However we must pay closer attention to three Dumas’ novels from the Revolution’s time, namely La Comtesse de Charny (The Countess de Charny), Chevalier de Maison-Rouge (The Knight of the Red House) and Le Drame de Quatre-vingt-treize (Drama of 1793; not translated in Polish), as well as a less known novel of Ballanche L’Homme sans nom (The Man without a Name; not translated in Polish). The word “head” appears in those works first in expressions and contexts which seemingly have nothing common with the decapitation; however a gradual dramatization and poeticization of this motif come after. By referring to the category of the dynamic symbolic imagination, we would say that the cut royal head, as one of the important mythemes, become, at the same time, one of the grains of mythical basis of the civilisation.
The literary representations of the death of Louis XVI on the scaffold, as Dumas and others propose, correspond quite closely with views of the Jean-Paula Roux, French specialist of Cultural Studies, well known to Polish reader thanks to the translations of his books Le sang. Mythes, symboles et réalité and Le roi, mythes et symboles.

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Volume 10, Issue 1

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Volume 10 (2010)