This paper presents a part of the history of Macau, namely the political, administrative, economic and social situation in the 18th century, mentioning the most important events in other periods of the Portuguese presence in the region. Due to the unavailability of records of the Creole language used in the 18th century, the study has been enriched with an analysis of the most important features of the Portuguese language in Macau.

This article highlights the way the categories of Hellenic aesthetics are transformed in the contemporary Spanish sports discourse and the role they play in it. It analyses the concepts of agon, arete and hubris that are part of these categories. Special attention is paid to the religious aspect that penetrates the sports discourse. This study argues that the concepts developed by the Greeks and transformed later are explicitly presented in the texts dedicated to sport. We offer a full-scale field of illustrative material, these are the examples taken from the press and books devoted to sport that facilitate the understanding of the realization of the notions of Hellenic philosophy.

This paper is an attempt to examine what the language function is in the modern society, the society of virtual relations, with a focus on nicknames used on Italian chat lines. There are some studies on the Internet phenomenon and its peculiarity, however in human science they mostly refer to the social and psychological aspects. Still there are little papers in the field of linguistics, especially on the Italian language used in Internet. It is undeniable that the contemporary science is associated with many different fields, so taking into consideration their interdisciplinary character the present study is to investigate the social and linguistic aspects of how the virtual reality influences language, perception and social relations. We will concentrate on the users’ identities and their lexical representation in Italian.

The manuscript gall. fol. 220 belongs to the Berlin Collection of Jagiellonian Library in Cracow. It is a French-speaking set of recipes from the 16th century. This old cookbook is not well known and has never been published. In this manuscript can be found plenty of dishes, products popular in the Middle Ages, but also such recipes that indicate the presence of new renaissance French cuisine.