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Geographical Studies

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Issue 177

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First View (2024) Next

Publication date: 03.2025

Licence: CC BY licence icon

Editorial team

Secretary Aneta Pawłowska-Legwand

Editor-in-Chief Janusz Siwek

Issue Editor Jarosław Balon

Issue content

Tomasz Bodnar

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 7-27

The aim of the field studies was to analyse students’ perceptions of the urban environment using mental maps. This analysis was based on the five spatial elements identified by Lynch (1960). This constituted a pivotal aspect of the analytical process, which was designed to ascertain how students perceive urban space. Furthermore, a questionnaire comprising multiple-choice questions was used to suplement the perceptual studies, thereby facilitating the identification of spatial preferences and a more profound comprehension of the urban space perception among the surveyed students. The data collected during the field studies indicate that the applied research approach provides significant insights into students’ perception of their city’s space as part of the local community. The obtained results may have implications for geographical education conducted in school settings, presenting selected teaching methods that support the acquisition of knowledge about one’s “local homeland.”
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Jarosław Czochański

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 29-50

As late as in 2015, the Polish legal system accommodated provisions of the European Landscape Convention of the Council of Europe adopted in 2000, which introduced, inter alia, the implementation of landscape audits at the provincial level. These changes were introduced by the Act of 24 April 2015 amending certain legislations through enforced landscape protection tools – commonly referred to as the ‘Landscape Act’. For that purpose, a genuine research methodology and implementation procedure was developed, taking into account Poland’s accumulated practice of landscape and cultural heritage analyses, and passed in a novel form of an act of law – i.e. a Regulation of the Council of Ministers.
The landscape audit procedure encompasses the identification of natural and cultural landscape features; designation of typologically homogenous landscape units at the granularity below micro-regions; examination of their structure and characteristics; and the assessment of their assets and hazards. This results in the selection of the so-called priority landscapes, which demonstrate the highest natural, cultural and physiognomic parameters. For such landscapes, conclusions and recommendations are drawn up to protect their values and cater for a sustainable use of their space. However, even though the said Regulation was enacted only in 2019, the long preparatory process failed to curb essential flaws which manifested in incomplete definition of typological patterns of Poland’s landscapes, imprecise indication of their delimitation methods, and an erroneous procedure for designating priority landscapes. The methodological complexity had its toll on the implementation progress, with merely two voivodeships being able to accomplish the landscape audit by the end of 2023. Despite the good research provisions in place, the practice of carrying out landscape audits pinpointed methodological shortcomings in denominating and typologising landscape units as well as in designating priority landscapes. In effect, overall outcomes were varied, heterogeneous at national level, and unsatisfactory.
As the implementation of landscape audits is multi-faceted, this paper focuses on the assessment of the already completed first procedural step, namely – the division of space into landscape units according to the adopted division and typology criteria, as well as the appraisal of challenges and deficiencies in executing the audit analyses. The paper does not recall experience of other countries and, as such, has a discursive character, yet it postulates the verification and correction of methodological assumptions at each stage of the audit procedure on account of the deficiencies spotted by the author
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Dominika Hołuj

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 51-72

The article presents the results of a nationwide analysis of the collective of ordinary associations operating in and for the benefit of heritage objects and spaces. The results are presented regionally and by type of organization relating to the goals of their activity in heritage objects and spaces. The results of the survey lead to the reflection that ordinary associations relatively rarely take direct action towards objects and spaces, generally using their limited potential for the realization of watchdog and advocacy goals (especially paying attention to local heritage, to deteriorating, abandoned objects and spaces), popularization, education (including sightseeing) and documentation activities. The largest number of organizations were identified in Mazovia, Greater Poland, Silesian, Little Poland and Lower Silesian provinces, while the smallest were identified in the Opole, Podlachian, Lubusz, Warmian-Masurian, Subcarpatian and Holy Cross provinces. There is a noticeable domination of organizations pursuing goals in the following areas: nurturing local and regional culture, maintaining the memory of events, historical figures and period in history, and caring for a selected type of tangible heritage. It should be emphasized that the distribution of organizations operating in and for heritage sites and spaces by type of activity indicates quite different areas of their concentration compared to statistics for the collective as a whole.
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Alicja Krzemińska, Anna Zaręba, Kamil Pawłowski, Anna Dzikowska

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 73-94

The aim of the article is to compare the state of preservation and landscape and cultural values of cemeteries located in Miłków in the Podgórzyn commune in the south- -western part of Poland, in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and to present the results of the landscape and natural connections analysis and the analysis of cultural heritage of rural church cemeteries. For the purposes of the article, the following analyses were carried out: historical conditions of church cemeteries in Miłków, changes in the functional and spatial structure of the studied rural area, changes in the landscape structure of villages and cemeteries, and analysis of the system of multi-scale connections creating blue-green infrastructure on a regional and local scale. It was found that both preserved to this day cemeteries together with churches in Miłków have a great historical and artistic as well as compositional and architectural value. They create an important landscape and architectural interior with dominants in the form of church towers. Cemeteries in Miłków, enrich the biodiversity of the village and create an important landscape and natural interior. Their importance in the local and regional blue-green infrastructure system should be a priority in future rural development plans.
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Magdalena Kwiek

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 95-114

The issue of shaping public spaces, while it is the subject of numerous analyses, rarely directly addresses rural settlements. Meanwhile, there is an increasing need to create and transform common places in rural territories. To assess the importance of revitalization and the tourist potential of public space from the perspective of individuals responsible for spatial planning in the municipalities of Tarnów poviat. An online survey questionnaire sent to the offices of 16 rural and urban-rural municipalities of the Tarnów poviat, as well as interviews with representatives of offices responsible for spatial planning and promotion of the municipality. The municipalities of the Tarnów poviat are attractive from a tourism perspective, and both residents and tourists are eager to utilize the available elements of public space. Local authorities recognize the significance of public space in the lives of residents and in the promotion of the municipality, and their development plans often include revitalization and the creation of new communal spaces.
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Wojciech Maciejowski

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 115-134

Physico-geographical typology is one of more important procedures enabling distribution and systematizing of taxonomic units in the natural environment, resulting in a map of types of classified units. The main aim of the study was to develop a typology of the natural environment of the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland using the inductive method (terrain mapping), as well as to verify that so distinguished units refer to the latest divisions of Polish landscapes, and whether the diversity of natural environment is reflected in separated physico-geographicalmesoregions in this area, carried out by deductivemethods. Study area was a wavy planation surface of the Olkusz Upland varied by limestone mogotes, dissected by deep karst river valleys, as well as fragments of tectonic lowering of the Krzeszowice Trench and ridge of the Tenczyn Hills. The result of carried out mapping was distinction of 872 separate units (uroczyska), later on grouped in 22 types. This typology, developed later on, was based on geological–morphological diversity, soil types and variability of the potential natural vegetation, i.e. the elements considered by German (1992) as the most representative. Assuming these criteria a list of the characteristics of the environment was drawn up in tab. 1, allowing to make a typological grouping. As a result of the imposition of index features four types of natural environment were obtained, which are: I – natural environment type of dead valleys cut out in medium and very resistant rocks with complex of Fluvisols, with potential vegetation of riparian forests and poor subcontinental deciduous forests; II – natural environment type of terraced valleys bottom, cut out in weak resistant rocks with complex of Fluvisols with potential vegetation of riparian forests and poor subcontinental deciduous forests; III – natural environment type of high plains made of rocks of little resistance, with complex of Luvisols, Cambisols and Phaeozems with potential vegetation of rich subcontinental deciduous forests; IV – natural environment type of carbonate uplands made of rocks of medium and very high resistance with complex of Luvisols and Rendzic Leptosols with potential vegetation of beech woods, mixed forests and rich subcontinental deciduous forests.
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Piotr Windak

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 135-146

The aim of the article is to provide a theoretical overview of the mutual relationship taking place between the urban landscape and human beings and its impact on individual happiness. The article discusses the concepts of happiness and urban happiness, as well as the city and its landscape, and provides an overview of the existing international literature focusing on the relationship between the urban landscape and urban happiness, to ultimately presenting a theoretical outline of the landscape – happiness relationship. Landscape influences well-being and theboth objective and subjective conditions of a high quality of life, whether we define it as a space of information and a source of meaning, or as a complex spatial system consisting of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic elements. The landscape and its view form the frame of people’s daily existence and affect feelings of attachment, security and aesthetic sensations, and serve as a source of ecosystem services essential for human life. It is an important element in the process of cognition and valuation of human living space.
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Irena Żurawska-Bartosik

Geographical Studies, Issue 177, First View (2024), pp. 147-164

The objective of the present article was to present the findings of a study that examined the opinions of rural tourism base managers with regard to operating an agritourism enterprise, in addition to their relationship with their guests. The article provides a general overview of the key aspects of rural tourism facilities’ operation, emphasizing the importance of building guest loyalty, effective collaboration with various entities, developing managerial competencies, and understanding non-economic motivations when starting a business in the tourism industry. The contemporary development of accommodation infrastructure in rural tourism in Belarus is a social phenomenon that can be considered from two perspectives: the financial aspect and the social aspect. The financial aspect of tourism enterprises in relation to the rural community consists mainly of the anticipated and real economic benefits brought by tourism activities and the provision of services to visitors. The opinions of research participants indicate that rural tourism plays a significant role in the personal development and self-fulfilment of individuals, particularly among facility managers, for whom this work is spiritually fulfilling. Furthermore, returning guests have attested to the establishment of stronger connections between accommodation owners, their families, and visitors.
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