Contemporaneity is characterized by: dynamic development of the sciences, the flow of research results and methodologies of scientific disciplines. This results in changes in individual disciplines. Research is needed these changes. The need to explain their meaning. In education, the problem is growing due to new findings on man and his activities. Human work generates new systems concepts.

In the article, going out from categories „work” and „education”, is moving out the category of the development, which though it is perceived in natural and processual aspect above all characterized through the axiological dimension, as the important category for pedagogy and for the education of the person. In the face of the „blanking”, and „rolls up” the works and the more current the human products of which we assist in the present Europe, the axiology of the development and its educational implications becomes very important question. The social teaching of the Catholic Church captures the problems of the development (axiological), especially by pope John Paul II, clearly directing our thinking towards the education to the development through places in his Encyclical-Letter ‘Sollicitudo rei socialis’ clearly speaking about this education. According to the teaching of John Paul II, „the development demands above all the spirit of the initiative” from individuals and entire community, and whose symptom, by Benedict XVI was expressed as spiritual growing up. The spiritual dimension penetrating every person and community made them able to undertaking the full responsibility and made him able to be the tutor of oneself. This can be perceived as crowning of the process of the individual and social development through the education for the development. 

This article is aimed at the analysis of the crisis of fatherhood that can be observed nowadays. Many books and articles have been written about various methods, means and their proper usage in the process of upbringing and education of children by their fathers. In spite of this serious research, it seems that it is still necessary to consult other sources that would include some educational instructions directed to the fathers. The Holy Bible, which offers many texts where these issues are treated in great depths, can be seen as such a source. One of these texts is found in Eph 6:4 and this article is devoted to the analysis of this passage. Eph 6:4 emphasizes that fathers are particularly obliged to find appropriate means that are needed in the process of upbringing and education of their children. The author of this text suggests that teaching and discipline can be considered as such methods. By teaching their children, fathers can help them understand what God expects from them and how they should live fruitfully. Discipline, on the other hand, will certainly help them develop self-control, which will protect them from many obstacles. According to the author of Eph 6:4 fathers should avoid making their children angry because they do not know how to deal with this issue. These methods should be recommended to contemporary fathersbecause they emphasize their responsibilities for the care, upbringing and education of their children and in doing so they make this process more effective.

The article discloses the innovative approach to training and education of children and youth, which is based on the humanization of education, integrated education and polyart education. Humanization of education is considered in the article on both sides. 1) Reliance on pedagogical traditions of Russian science and education based on the concept of a free, humane, spiritual, creative personality, capable to selfdetermination and self-realization. The origins of these ideas are in the theoretical works of great scientists (K. Ushinsky, Leo Tolstoy, S.Frene, V.Sukhomlinsky) and philosophers (M. Bakhtin, Yu.Lotman). 2) Integration of humanities and methods of natural history. The impetus for the revival and the pedagogical model of humanization’s creation is a desire to overcome formal, abstract learning process, introducing a broad education into the cultural space where culture performs corrective function in the development of science

The Ukrainian system of education has had remarkable achievements and notorious traditions of schooling. However, at this very stage our society requires the changes that have been focused on by the author of this paper. The changes are necessary for the successful development of human recourse in the country in its struggle for the European integration. The mechanisms for the changes are to be introduced in the updated educational legislation. We do not really have time. We should unite and, instead of passively expecting changes, become the explorers and agents of the reform in education. 

This article is the result of scientific-pedagogical research, which was conducted to identify the main characteristics of the background and development of Mexican educational system. The author found that the development of the Mexican education system can be divided into three periods; in modern Mexico the educational policy focuses on building national cultural educational camp, harmonizing both globalization and unique identity tendencies of development; in the Mexican establishments of higher education, the practical application of professional training curriculum is based on communicative methods and different techniques, especially, interactive and project techniques; there is observed a new tendency of centralizingdecentralizing management processes in Mexican Education.

The paper presents the contrasts in the Israeli education. First part presents the legal basis of education in Israel – Compulsory Education Law (1949), State Education Law (1953), Council for Higher Education Law (1958), Special Education Law (1988), Students Rights Law (2000) and discussion on the structure of the education system. Next, compare four separate school system – public state schools, public religious state schools, public Arab schools and the “private” but publicly funded “ultra-orthodox” or Haredi schools. The paper ends findings about the contrasts in the Israeli education and the discussion on difficult situation of graduates of public Arab schools and Haredi schools.

The article concisely reveals the main reforms in the Swedish education system. It, also, outlines the organisational features of the Swedish higher education system in the postwar era, with a focus on the 1970s to the early 2000s. The author analyses political, social and educational conditions which have had a great impact on the process of higher education formation in the context of integration and decentralization policy.

Social Work education in Spain has a relatively short history (originates from around 1932), and is currently in the process of adaptation to the proposals made by the European Higher Education Area. After the Bologna Plan approved in 1999, Spanish schools of Social Work have had to introduce changes related to achieve a uniform and high quality education system, enabling students from the universities of the 29 European members acquire competences and professional skills required. Throughout this article, we discuss the history and evolution of the training in Social Work in Spain since its birth and in particular we analyze how the Plan established by Bologna has affected it, reflecting on how advantages and disadvantages of this agreement have influenced Social Work degree.

A retrospective analysis of vocational education development has been made, its role in the formation of human capital shown. The causes of contradictions and shortcomings in training of production personnel due to the imperfection of public policy in this area have been revealed. Subject to the provisions of international instruments and prognostic study of socio-economic strategy of Ukraine the strategic objectives of professional education in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes have been disclosed. The basic directions of scientific research in problems of quality training of personnel have been demonstrated.

Although many specific aspects of the scope and functioning of disability remain insufficiently explored, it is clear that disability is systematically related to poverty in countries across the economic spectrum. Poverty among persons with disabilities is particularly acute in developing nations; it affects exclusion from schooling and, ultimately, access to the labor market. This paper takes a multi-layered approach to overview the synthesis of disability and poverty, restricted access to education, and constraints to economic participation. It finds that persons with disabilities face inequalities in all areas of life, throughout the life cycle, and that these inequalities lead to exclusion and discrimination and to situations of poverty. The underlying argument holds that disability combined with poverty creates dramatic negative impacts on the social and economic health of individuals. Educating students with disabilities is a good investment and international agencies and national governments must increase efforts to target such persons in education, development programs, and poverty alleviation efforts.

The article presents the views on the problems of post-graduate education in the sphere of palliative and hospice care in Ukraine. The need to modernize and adjust training programs according to modern international approaches is underlined.

If we assume that historical education is one of the foundations of moulding a modern democratic and pacifically oriented society, one would admit that it plays an important part in the process. One of the statutory tasks of the Institute of the National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation is historical education. While performing this task, Rzeszow branch of the Institute uses such innovative methods as: contests, comics, workshops, field games having the elements of historical knowledge, etc. The aim of the historical education realized by the INR is first and foremost popularizing the newest findings of the Polish history of the 20th century and awakening such desirable skills as creativeness and innovativeness among the young people. 

The article presents the practical issues related to legal information technology. The aim of the study is to present selected search systems. The paper discusses basic legal information systems: LEX, Internet system of legal acts, Official Journals, Databases Constitutional Court decisions, rulings base administrative courts. It specifies the fundamental principles of the system search for information.

The study concerns the issue of the legal admissibility of employing university teachers on the basis of agreements of the civil law in order to conduct classes. This problem concerns, above all, private higher education institutions which due to the financial specificity are trying to reduce the labour cost of teachers by replacing the contract of employment with the civil law employment. The attraction of agreements of the civil law for the employers in comparison to contracts of employment is, above all, an effect they have in the sphere of the social insurance. The legislator admitted both the employers and people who look for work, freedom in the sphere of choice concerning the legal basis of the employment, however this is not tantamount to the full autonomy in this respect. The article indicates what conditions must be fulfilled in order to employ the university teacher under an agreement of civil law in accordance with the law, as well as it mentions the types of agreements which can be applied.

Higher education, in the social consciousness, is considered to determine the social and professional success of an individual. It is difficult to deny this. However, a vast amount of research highlights the fact that it is, in fact, the secondary education, and the secondary school in particular (apart from the family factor), that is decisive in shaping the individual’s cultural capital, and their social „potential”. In this respect, it is difficult to overrate the role of elite secondary schools, both in the historical and contemporary perspectives, whose graduates form intellectual elites of a given society. This article is a contribution to the contemporary debates on the role of education in sustaining social inequalities. It considers this issue on the example of social functions fulfilled by British elite secondary schools in the context of constructing graduate identities and the dynamics of relations between the phenomenon of cultural reproduction and social mobility.

The education in Africa is experiencing long-standing means, from traditional tribal beliefs of practising customs and them by implementing learning to read, writing, mathematics, sciences and of the technology for the science of foreign languages in order to accommodate oneself to the changes in the global world. The above 40 millionth state is a country which is trying to keep up with changes in the eastern Africa - Kenya, which in spite of implemented changes in the course of decades in political, economic or social area is still relatively having a  lot to do in the area of education. The education constitutes one of important components of the politics of the state in the aspect of the fight against the poverty and with ruling out. In spite of the ongoing reforms in the country still over the million of children isn’t attending to school, and the scale of the illiteracy amounts to the 14%. The article constitutes the presentation of the educational system in Kenya, including the historical basis of the tradition and the culture of residents. Simultaneously is pointing at substantial changes implemented by the Kenyan government in the course of years. This is an attempt to grasp the importance of education in the social life and economic of Kenyans.

The article presents the model of „cultural transmission of gender stereotype” by which the huge disparity of women toward men studying humanities and social sciences as well as men toward women studying technology and sciences could be explained. The model was tested using the data collected from 1373 students (681 women) of the first year of technology or science (n = 637) and humanities or social sciences (n = 700). Selection of a field of studies was explained by using the logit function to combine dependent variable with the following predictors: (1) the impact of parents; (2) the impact of teachers; (3) an egalitarian vs. sexist attitude of respondents; (4) parents’ expectations; (5) teachers’ expectations; (6) students’ expectations about themselves; (7) amount of time dedicated to learning math; (8) amount of time dedicated to learning native language; (9) results of the high school final exam in math (and entrance exam to college at the same time) and (10) results of the high school final exam in native language (and entrance exam to college at the same time), separately for the group of women and men. The obtained results are discussed in the light of stereotyping and stigmatization theories, and interpersonal expectation effects which occur in various social and demographic groups. 

In spite of maturation in terms of universal access to education and having the possibility of widespread use of new achievements of civilization, unemployed young people often have very serious problems in the labor market. Usually young people are at risk of lack of employment, who have a series of specific co-occurring features that, along with this, are mutually reinforcing. These features include: social immaturity, difficulties in relationships with others, passivity and withdrawal. An effective way of support may be systemic educational impact referring to different spheres of personality and activity of young people. The article presents a holistic educational approach leading to social and professional mobilization of young people based on the selected German and Swedish experiences.

The paper describes the problems of young people leaving the children´s homes, i.e. they leave the institutions of the alternative care after completing 18 years. Due to their position at the labour market, we describe factors having an influence – either a positive one or when young people are disadvantaged at the labour market. Subject is presented in the international comparison. The research of this theme in the Slovak Republic is analysed in a greater detail.

The article deals the educational problems of the interest in music in early childhood. The structure of children’s interest includes the emotional and intellectual components. Emotional component in early childhood is a leader. Interest in music is part of the musical and aesthetic consciousness, influences on music lessons and aesthetic development. The game is the best method of interest’s development. The greatest effect is achieved in games based on synesthesia.

Article takes issues of patriotism or more precisely education for this virtue. Patriotism is a  phenomenon multi-faceted, complex, extremely important in the modern world. Patriotism, like any spiritual fitness, the man must raise. This requirement particularly applies to the actions of people towards young people, entering only in social life. The role of the first teachers belongs to parents who love their homeland and no one is able to replace them in this role. Patriotic education is also carried out through a current leaders and national leaders, hence a very important educational role fully attitude of politicians, teachers and the people presenting the authority of important social institutions.

Considerations around the school education of six-years old children on the background of questions about the barriers blocking solution difficult as it turns out, the problem of the future of man and society. There are many reasons why we still do not find a solution to the needs of man in twenty-first century. This paper is an attempt to analyse the different forms of fear adults with children: against inequality, imperfection, against various existential difficulties, against the threat of loss of childhood. Fears of this type are revealed in conversations, argumentations performed on a stage play about the future of education, behind the scenes and are transferred uncritically to reality as its hoaxes, creating the appearance of serious debate.

The subject of this paper is speech, language and communication of elderly people, which is sometimes marked by disease and/or by disability. European society is rapidly ageing. Thirty years ago Europe was named “oldish Europe”, today is “an old man of the world.” The Polish population today is “the most quickly ageing society in Europe…”. The paper presents real demographic, medical, and social problems – i.e. the health condition of the oldest generation. The last decades have brought a new gerontological and linguistic category called elderspeak. In vascular and neurodegenerational illnesses we have four “A”: Amnesia, Agnosia, Apraxia, and Aphasia. Aphasia makes difficult conversation and interpersonal communication. Paul Grice formulated many years ago the classic principles of cooperative conversation and communication: – the quantity of information, – the quality of information, that is the validity or the meaning of messages, and – reference, that is relation to a sick person. The paper ends with the conclusion that in the future it is necessary to create – on the ground of special geragogics – a new field of logopaedics – gerontologopaedics, and above all to create at Polish universities postgraduate studies in gerontologopaedics.

Educational space is one of the most important concepts in the area of broadly understood education. However, very often its understanding is imprecise and intuitive. The development of new technologies, as well as cultural, social and civilization-related changes accompanying it, and a new model of man immersed to a greater and greater extent in the world of digital media that has recently emerged – the man of the network, all lead to the necessity of change of interpretation of educational space. We are witnessing a penetration and unification of the two worlds: the real and the virtual one, that previously have been perceived completely separately. The result of that is a world that can be called a hybrid world, in which the boundaries between the real world and the virtual one are symbolic and for many, seen as different, lose their meaning. A contemporary man is becoming more and more a citizen of this new hybrid world. The hybrid world means spectacular expansion of educational space. It offers new opportunities, but also brings about new risks difficult to identify and to define at the current stage of development.

The paper presents sexting as a  new threat amongst children and young people and consists of three parts: the concept and types of sexting, causes and scale and specifics of the phenomenon and the consequences of sexting. This dissertation is preceded by a brief introduction which has been signaled problems discussed further below. Tips and set out a bibliography are concluded at the end.