Słowa kluczowe: Samnites, Third Samnite War, Linen Legion, escape from the battlefield (desertion in the face of the enemy), military oath, sacramentum, military discipline, rituals of war, punishment for desertion, Kievan Palatinate, dietines, lauda, courts, Owrucz, Żytomierz, and Kievan castle records, Laura Alma-Tadema, women’s history, biography, art history, women’s studies, Second World War, German crimes, Polish intelligentsia, Polish victims, Polish elite, places of crime, Action Intelligentsia, extraordinary action of pacification., Home Army, Gestapo, occupation, collaboration with the Germans, Kraków, Miechów, Japan, Poland, mutual relations, military cooperation, military intelligence services, democratization, Constitution of Japan, Hatoyama Ichirō, Yoshida Shigeru, occupation, Cold War, purge, demilitarization, Quirico de Augustis, Lumen apothecariorum, “De artificio zuchari”, sweets, 15th century, Jan Pisarzowski, House of Vasa, Old-Polish correspondence, Crown Tribunal, sejmiks