Issue 150 (4)

2023

Publication date: 09.09.2024

Licence: CC BY

Editorial team

Secretary Dawid Golik, Martyna Grądzka-Rejak

Editor-in-Chief Zdzisław Zblewski

Issue 4 editors Zdzisław Zblewski, Dawid Golik

Issue content

Studia

Sposoby manifestacji dominacji papieskiej w przestrzeni miejskiej Viterbo podczas uroczystości Bożego Ciała w 1462 roku

Łukasz Żak

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 635-653

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.035.19446

The article is dedicated to the architectural works in Viterbo commissioned by the pope Pius II (1458–1464) to prepare the city for the solemnity of Corpus Christi (June 17th 1462). These works will be presented in the context of relations between popes and the capital of Tuscia in the 1450s and 1460s. The aim of the paper is to present their symbolic dimension which was used by the Pope to manifest his domination over Viterbo.

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Kilka uwag na temat stosunków króla Jana Olbrachta z hospodarem mołdawskim Stefanem do 1495 roku

Agnieszka Nalewajek

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 655-665

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.036.19447

The article provides information based on the unpublished royal accounts of John Albert preserved in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw and concerning the diplomatic relations between the Polish ruler and Stephen, the Voivode (hospodar) of Moldavia, until 1495. After John Albert ascended the throne in 1492, the Polish court was visited by envoys from Moldavia. We know on the basis of the accounts that, for example, an envoy sent by the Voivode visited the king during a session of the Sejm in Piotrków in 1493. Next, from May to November 1493, a brother (frater) of the Voivode of Moldavia was a guest at the royal court during his stay in Poznań. The entries in the accounts also confirm the presence of two envoys from Moldavia during the King’s stay in Cracow at the beginning of 1494. Another envoy from the Voivode of Moldavia arrived in Cracow after the King’s return from the congress in Levoča in the second half of May 1494. At that time, John Albert sent one of his servants on a mission to Voivode Stephen. Towards the end of 1494, an envoy from Moldavia arrived at the royal court during John Albert’s visit to Elbląg. It is also known that the Voivode sent gifts – the King’s brother, i.e. Sigismund Jagiellonian, received “bridles made in Turkey” from him. The royal accounts do not provide any information about diplomatic relations between John Albert and Voivode Stephen after 1495. Therefore, we do not know what these were like in the period preceding the invasion of Moldavia in 1497. These sources were not used in the existing studies analysing King John Albert’s policy towards Moldavia, including those prepared in recent years.

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Szwedzkie doświadczenia Jana Wejhera i „grupa do zadań specjalnych” Zygmunta III

Wojciech Krawczuk

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 667-674

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.037.19448

Jan Wejher (Weiher), the starost of Puck (1580–1626), contributed to the importance of his family at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. Jan owed much to the protection of King Sigismund III, whose support he reciprocated primarily in the military field. Participation in the expedition of 1598 and the bold actions of Jan brought King’s recognition, who from then on constantly burdened him with important tasks. The article analyzes the early stage of Wejher’s career, which determined his later success. Wejher’s important task was being a member of a small but very competent group at the king’s side, working to regain the Swedish throne.

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Diariusz morawskiego uczonego Jana Weselskiego-Laetusa. Wokół podróży edukacyjnej młodych Reyów do Anglii w 1637 roku

Paulina Nortowska

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 675-690

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.038.19449

The article addresses the educational journey of Andrew Rey’s (Rej) (c. 1584–1641) son, Nicholas, and the ambassador’s cousin, Andrew (1616/1617–c.1664), which took place in 1637. The extensive and detailed diary of the Moravian scholar Jan Weselski-Laetus (1609–1656) allows us to reconstruct young Reys’ journey to England, to present the individual elements of the visited country and to reconstruct a precise itinerary of the travellers. The account offers rich educational material and selected descriptions adapted to the mental level of the young Reys’. The preceptor has skilfully woven the history of the British Isles and the cities visited into the narrative flow, as well as supplied it with the author’s comments.

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Nauczanie historii Kościoła alumnów obrządku łacińskiego w Instytucie Teologicznym w Przemyślu 1772-1918

ks. dr. Marcin Kapłon

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 691-716

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.039.19450

The author of the article – presenting the place of the ecclesiastical history in the curriculum of seminary studies under the Austrian partition on the example of the Przemyśl centre – introduces the history of this institution established in 1687. The following part contains the complicated fate of the Seminary in Przemyśl, which from 1772 had to struggle with the policy of the invader that first involved its closing (1783), then reactivation (1819) and finally functioning under the conditions of severe Austrian supervision. It is this stage of the activity of the discussed institution that constitutes the main interest of the article and shows the place of the ecclesiastical history in the curriculum of theological studies, the organization of lectures and the textbooks used. Particular attention was paid to the teaching staff throughout the discussed century, presenting their struggles with the Austrian bureaucracy and even facing repression by the authorities.

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W Galicji i za kordonem. Aktywność polityczna Jana Hupki w czasach Wielkiej Wojny (1914 – 1918). Część I

Tomasz Sikorski, Adam Wątor

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 717-735

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.040.19451

The article presents the political activity of Jan Hupka – a Galician conservative, a member of the Conservative Club, then of the National Right Party, an advocate of the orientation towards Austria-Hungary, one of the closest associates of Władysław Leopold Jaworski. Jan Hupka’s area of activity included – first of all – activity within the framework of the Supreme National Committee, bringing humanitarian aid to the population of Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland, coordinating relief efforts for war invalids, legion veterans, widows and orphans of legionaries, as well as creating a network of employment offices, hospitals, health care centers, setting up vocational courses, funding relief for the needy. Jan Hupka’s political contacts with representatives of various political options and participation in the Legions’ recruitment campaign were also analyzed. Also shown is Hupka’s attitude towards the hierarchy of the Church, leaders of leading parties and political camps, as well as the events and processes taking place (e.g., the formation of the Legions, the formation and evolution of the orientation towards Austria-Hungary, the November 5 Act, the “oath crisis”, the rule of the Regency Council, etc.). In addition to discussing Hupka’s political activities, an attempt was made to determine the role he played both in Galician politics and in the milieu of Polish activists seeking opportunities for the rebirth of the Polish state based on an orientation toward the central states. The analysis was based on internally diverse source material (e.g., archival documents, the press, memoirs and diaries). Studies (compact works and scientific articles) played only a supporting role.

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Postępowanie władz czeskich i położenie ludności polskiej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w okresie przedplebiscytowym (luty 1919–lipiec 1920) w świetle dokumentów z Archiwum Instytutu Józefa Piłsudskiego w Ameryce

Tomasz Landmann

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 737-757

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.041.19452

The subject of the article is the conduct of the Czech authorities towards Poles and the situation of the Polish population in Cieszyn Silesia in the period from the end of February 1919 to July 1920. The aim of the considerations was to identify and describe selected phenomena characterizing the situation of the Polish population and Polish-Czech social tensions, contributing to the deepening of the Polish-Czechoslovak dispute over Cieszyn Silesia in the pre-plebiscite period. The research material consisted of documents from the Archives of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in America, and auxiliary documents as well as studies from scientific literature were used too. The analysis of the presented material allows us to conclude that Polish messages indicated numerous manifestations of the anti-Polish activities from the Czech authorities in Cieszyn Silesia. Czech propaganda and agitation activities, persecution and attempts to bribe the Polish population, obstruction of the development of Polish education, and the use of the army and gendarmerie to support the Czechization of the region were taken into account. An important role was assigned to paralyzing the professional activity of Poles in workplaces, especially in the mining industry. The activities of the German minority and Silesian circles in destabilizing the region and strengthening Polish-Czech social tensions were noted. Reference was made to the resettlement of the Polish population and the Czech foreign propaganda aimed at supporting the policy of Czechoslovakia in gaining international support for Cieszyn Silesia.

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Miraculum Leona Lustra – powstanie i dzieje firmy do 1945 roku

Wanda Łuczak

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 759-777

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.042.19453

The “Miraculum” company, which was one of the most famous cosmetics’ producers in the interwar period and in the People’s Republic of Poland, was established in 1924. Its founder, Leon Luster, a doctor from a Jewish family, was one of the pioneers of dermatology and cosmetology in Poland. From the medical practice in Krakow and writing in the women’s press, he moved on to the production of cosmetics. The company’s success was based on innovative products and extensive advertising. The entrepreneurship of his son-in-law Witold Böhm was also of great importance. During the German occupation, “Miraculum” was taken over by the Germans. Leon Luster initially stayed in Kraków and supported the work of the factory, in 1941 he decided to move to Grybów, where he was hiding due to his Jewish origin. In 1943, handed over to the Germans, he probably ended his life in the ghetto in Nowy Sącz.

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Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie – Uniwersytetowi Jagiellońskiemu w 600. rocznicę założenia uczelni

Anita Młynarczyk-Tomczyk

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 779-802

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.043.19454

On the occasion of the 660th foundation anniversary of the Academy of Krakow, which fell in 2023, the article takes a closer look at a theme that has not been explored in the academic literature, namely the contribution of the staff of Poland’s oldest national museum in Krakow to the celebrations marking the 600th anniversary of the academy in 1964 with an exhibition entitled Art in Krakow, 1350–1550. It was a monumental exhibition, which is worth recalling so as not to erase the traces of this initiative. The curator of the exhibition for the 600th foundation anniversary of the Jagiellonian University was Maria Kopff. In organising it, she worked with great dedication and devotion, and it was thanks to this exhibition that she gained great professional and moral authority in the museum community, and on many occasions her opinions influenced the most important museum issues in Poland. It was the exhibition that synchronised monuments of sacred art with monuments of a secular nature in a manner unprecedented in the Polish People’s Republic, all in an attempt to show the luxuriant development of Polish art from the 14th to the 16th century. Although the content of the exhibition was close to the so-called ‘historical policy’, exposing, among other things, the secular character of Cracovian art, it undoubtedly presented the enormous achievements of Polish national heritage.

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Edycja tekstu źródłowego

Położenie polityczno-wojskowe Rzeszy Niemieckiej u progu II wojny światowej w świetle wykładu szefa wywiadu wojskowego pułkownika dyplomowanego Tadeusza Pełczyńskiego

Piotr Kołakowski

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 803-826

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.044.19455

After Adolf Hitler took power in Germany, the country was quickly remilitarised. Large-scale rearmament and expansion of the armed forces were closely monitored by the Polish military intelligence, which kept the supreme military authorities of the Second Polish Republic informed about the Third Reich’s preparations for war. The main task of the Second Department was to determine the probable date of the attack from this country. Already at the end of 1934, it was estimated that Germany would be ready for war within 6-8 years. The information reaching the headquarters of the “two” showed that at the turn of 1937 and 1938, the Third Reich’s preparations for a future armed conflict were intensified. At the end of the 1930s, the Second Department organized special lectures for senior commanders of the Polish army, presenting the military, political, economic and social situation of the Third Reich and the Soviet Union, i.e. the countries from which Poland faced the greatest danger. The idea was to make the senior command staff of the Polish Army acquainted with the current military and political situation of the Second Polish Republic and the scale of the threat from the two most dangerous neighbours. The presented lecture was delivered by the head of Polish military intelligence on November 29, 1937 in Rembertów and concerned Germany. It has great cognitive value because it allows us to understand the assessments of the Second Division regarding the military potential of the Third Reich and the expansion of the German armed forces. It is, in fact, a synthesis of the knowledge that the military intelligence of the Second Polish Republic had in 1937 about the German state ruled by the National Socialists.

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Recenzje i omówienia

Pierre Asselin, Vietnam’s American War: A History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge–New York–Port Melbourne–Delhi–Singapore 2018, pp. XL + 283

Jarema Słowiak

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 827-830

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.045.19456

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Chronicle

„Spod Chocimia po koronę. Konferencja naukowa z okazji 350. rocznicy bitwy pod Chocimiem 10–11 listopada 1673 roku i elekcji Jana Sobieskiego 21 maja 1674 roku”, Warszawa, 14 listopada 2023 roku

Aleksandra Kwaśniewska

History Notebooks, Issue 150 (4), 2023, pp. 831-835

https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.23.046.19457

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Files to download

Table of contents PDF Imprint PDF About the Authors PDF

Słowa kluczowe: Viterbo, Pius II, Corpus Christi, pontifical ritual, King John Albert, Stephen Voivode of Moldavia, diplomatic relations, royal account, early modern period, Jan Wejher, Sigismund III, special task groups, sea expedition of 1598, history of Poland, Jan Weseleski-Lateus, podróż edukacyjna, diariusz, Anglia, history of the Church, Seminary in Przemyśl, Przemyśl diocese, Austrian partition, World War I, Supreme National Committee, conservatism, Legion, Galicia, Austro-Hungary, Jan Hupka, Czechoslovakia, social tensions, plebiscite, Poland, Cieszyn Silesia, the interwar period, industry, cosmetics production, “Miraculum”, science, popularization, history, museums, exhibitions, Polish military intelligence, Third Reich, remilitarization of Germany, head of military intelligence, interwar period

Funding information

The publication was financed by the Jagiellonian University in Kraków – Faculty of History