Professor Jerzy Wyrozumski is one of the greatest Polish historians, researcher of the Middle Ages, Dean of the Faculty of History and Vice-Rector of the Jagiellonian University, an active member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and its Secretary General, President of the Society of History and Monuments Lovers of Krakow. He was awarded the title of doctor honoris causa by six universities for his scientific achievements, and decorated with many orders and medals (including the Commander’s Cross of St. Sylvester, the Commander’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Officer’s Cross of the Hungarian Order). Scholar with excellent achievements. Author of over 700 scientific papers, including a textbook of Polish history until 1505, the monumental first volume of the History of Krakow, the biography of Casimir the Great and Queen Hedwig of Anjou. An educator of many generations of historians, a Master for his students, a defender of the autonomy of the  University and students in the 1980s.

Medical Career of Jan Noskowski (1478–1542)
The author discusses the medical career of Jan Noskowski, Professor of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Krakow. Noskowski, after studying in Krakow, was educated in Bologna, where in 1511 he obtained a doctorate in medicine. After returning to Krakow, discouraged by the high costs of nostrification of the diploma, he spent several years in various places (among others, he was a doctor of Primate Jan Łaski). In 1523 he was incorporated into the Faculty of Medicine and devoted himself to academic work (he was, among others, the dean of the faculty). He kept personal notes on the margins of one of the manuscripts, thanks to which we know the most important events of his life. In 1537 in Krakow, he promoted Feliks Chojnowski to Doctor of Medicine, one of the first Doctors of Medicine at the University of Krakow. Noskowski died in 1542 and was buried in the presbytery of St. Mary’s Church

The Background of the Negotiations Concerning the Establishment of the Anti-Turkish Holy League Initiated by Pope Clement VIII in Krakow in August 1596

The article deals with the circumstances behind the negotiations in Krakow in the summer of 1596, the aim of which was to form the Holy League against Turkey under the auspices of Pope Clement VIII. Both the representatives of the Polish Sejm and Senate as well as the delegates of Emperor Rudolf II Habsburg gathered there together to discuss the matter. The Pope, on his part, sent Cardinal Enrico Caetani, elevated to the rank of legatus de latere, with the mission to preside over and facilitate the negotiations. One of the many challenges faced by the congress, which brought together a number of significant political and religious leaders, was to ease  he tensions between Poland and Austria and focus their efforts on the idea of war against Turkey. In order to present the background and the course of these consultations, the authors draws extensively from both Polish and foreign primary sources, including the ones housed in the collections of the Vatican Archive and the Vatican Library. The most valuable of them is The Diary written by Paolo Mucante, who accompanied Cardinal Caetani Giovanni throughout his journey. As a keen observer, with a sharp eye for cultural, religious and political differences, Mucante left a captivating description of peoples, customs and events to posterity.

Replication of the Stereotype of the Jesuit Order in the Opinions of Serbian and Bulgarian Elites of the 18th–19th Centuries

The article attempts to answer the questions: when and why among the Serbian and Bulgarian elites of the 19th century was there a black Jesuit legend that reproduced the negative image of the order that existed in Europe as early as in 16th century. Referring to the activities of the Jesus Societyand the atmosphere of hostility created around them in Europe, stigmatizing the image of the order has been shown to be rooted within the language and reproduced in lexicographic publications and selected texts of several Serbian and Bulgarian artists. In the context of historical conditions, the anti-Catholicism of the Orthodox Church was shown, for which the Jesuits became the new enemy, who did not conduct any mission neither in Bulgaria nor in Serbia in the 19th century.

The Austrian fleet 1382–1918

The Habsburg fleet existing since the 14th century was finally dissolved after the fall of the Habsburg monarchy. Throughout its history, it has been an effective weapon in the fight for dominion at sea. She had several impressive victories in naval battles. Lepanto in 1571 and Lissa in 1866 can be mentioned in first order. The victorious commander in these battles Prince Juan d’Austria and Admiral Tegetthoff are widely known in the history of naval conflicts. The Austrian fleet was not defeated in battle. It was dissolved because the state, the flag of which it wore, ceased to exist

The Face of Ireland and its Leaders on the Pages of the Krakow Press in the First Half of the 19th Century

In the 19th century, Poland and Ireland were often compared and parallels were drawn between the fate of the two Catholic nations. Irish and Polish nationalists inspired one another and they were interested in what was happening in either the Polish lands or Ireland. Polish insurrections drew particular interest in Ireland. Poles, on the other hand, were keen observers of Daniel O’Connell’s actions and agitation as well as the activity of the representatives of Young Ireland. In the 19th century, the similarities between Poland and Ireland were pointed out by politicians, travellers and they were also commented upon, inter alia, in the Irish, British, French, German and Polish press. The aim of this article is to discuss how the image of Ireland and its leaders was presented in the Krakow press in the first half of the 19th century.

Józef Beck about his Foreign Partners and in Their Eyes

The article deals with the opinions of Józef Beck on his foreign partners and the perception of his personality in the eyes of foreign political and diplomatic spheres. The text was created in connection with the biography of the Polish minister of foreign affairs prepared by the author (together with Prof. Mariusz Wołos). As a politician, he was an extremely controversial person. Due to his policy, he aroused dislike especially in Paris, Moscow and Prague. Many assessments devoted to him have been preserved, which is confirmed by sources. There are many reflections about his personality, and many sources testify to a dislike towards him. He was attributed to excessive ambitions, a kind of arrogance and excessive self-confidence and prejudice against France. Beck’s opinions about his foreign partners are not very numerous, and in any case few of them are confirmed by sources. He did not particularly value his Central European (regional) colleagues: Benesz and Titulescu. Beck undeservedly gave high marks to the foreign ministers of the Western powers: Eden and Delbos. He trusted Swedish Minister Sandler and Romanian Victor Antonescu very much. An analysis of foreign opinions about Beck and his own judgements about his partners seriously supplements our knowledge of his seven years of work as a Polish minister of foreign affairs in the turbulent time of the international crisis that took place in Europe in the years 1933–1939.

The beginning and the course of ethnic conflicts in the former Yugoslavia in the 90 years of the twentieth century in the eyes of the Balkan emigrants

The article is devoted to the beginnings and course of ethnic conflicts in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s in the narratives of people who were witnesses of these events, currently living as an emigrant community in Austria. The presented picture of the conflict – its origins and course – was based on the analysis of 53 non-standardized interviews conducted in 2014–2016 in Austria. Individual relations are included in three thematic blocks: (a) Confusion over the conflict; (b) Behaviour of people in a (growing) conflict; (c) Characteristics of the conflict and its selected aspects.

Understanding Bosnia or How to Learn and Teach about Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Field – a Report from a Certain Project

The article is an attempt to summarize the observations conducted as part of the didactic student project implemented at the Institute of Slavonic Studies in the 2017/2018 academic year. The outgoing part of the project was implemented in April 2018 in Bosnia and Herzegovina and was aimed at improving and diversifying the didactic process related to teaching about the area of cultural heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The project was directed to advanced Slavic students and assumed the participation of local experts. The initiator and organizer, who is also the author of this article, entrusted the implementation of individual points of the program on the spot to local experts in order to enable a thorough observation of participants’ reactions (and their own) to individual elements of the project. The program was inspired by the anthropological order of work in the field. The activities carried out by the Krakow Slavists on the spot will not contribute significantly to the observed culture, but they certainly changed the participants’ optics and sensitized them to the key issues for comprehending Bosnia. Project participants (including the author of the text herself) abandoned the search for answers to the question in the title of the project about whether Sarajevo is the space of community or division. This question was abandoned for a better understanding of how to learn and teach about Bosnia and Herzegovina, not to deepen its divisions and how to contribute to changes in the perception of Bosnia by Europe. The experience of elements of the project implemented in the field has also raised a number of new questions and doubts that are desirable in the teaching process, as they may increase interest in the explored area and the desire to return to both issues and places

Institutional Transformations of Museum Practices – the Case of the Museum of Yugoslavia in Belgrade

The article deals with institutional transformations of the Museum of Yugoslavia in Belgrade and their influence on the exhibition policy and practice of institution. Belgrade museum, initially functioning as a spatial and symbolic centre of Yugoslav political religion focused on the cult of Josip Broz Tito, today tries to realize the formula of a modern historical museum focused on the deconstruction of a mythologized image of socialist Yugoslavia and a critical presentation of the discourse of remembrance of this experience. The aim of the article is to answer the question regarding what mechanisms enabled this kind of transformation and how the Museum of Yugoslavia, while developing the post-Yugoslavian symbolic space, became an important actor of social processes acting not only in the field of tourism, but also in the field of the culture of knowledge and in the sphere of identity policies.

Bunk’Art Exhibitions in Tirana in the Context of A lbanian Politics of Memory

The text examines how the Bunk’Art 1 and Bunk’Art 2 exhibitions, opened in 2014–2016 in Tirana fit in the main narrative trends of the Albanian memory of the communist past. The project of the Italian journalist Carlo Bollino has become one of the key elements of the new policy of socialist memory of the government of Edi Rama, and at the same time an attempt to create modern  cultural institutions in the old atomic bunkers from the time of Enver Hoxha, in which history becomes a space dominated by artists and journalists, and at the same time competitive towards professional histori ans

Status of Turkish loanwords in the modern Croatian language (attempts of classification)

In the 1990s, after the declaration of independence by Croatia, many Croatian linguists started to pursue a radical puristic language policy aimed at the elimination of foreign elements from the Croatian language, many Turkish loanwords as well.
The main purpose of the present publication is to investigate status, frequency and function of seven Turkish loanwords: ćošak, dućan, dugme, dušmanin, đubre, marama, maramica in modern Croatian. These words do have neutral synonyms that are native words and therefore, since the 1990s, were exposed to purist activities pursued by the Croatian linguists in dictionaries and popular language guides. This paper attempts to compare the thesis regarding this loanwords put forward by Croatian linguists with the usage in practise presented in online corpora. On this basis, regarding the intensity of language policy against Turkish loanwords as well as their frequency in journalistic and official texts, the preliminary classification of stylistically marked Turcisms was created.