Słowa kluczowe: Ruthenian literature in the Commonwealth of Both Nations (the second half of the 17th c.‒the beginning of the 18th c.), Polish literature in the Tsardom of Russia, the Orthodox culture and literature in the Commonwealth of Both Nations (the second half of the 17th c.‒the beginning of the 18th c.), Vilnius University, multilingualism, academic networks, educational politics, Latin, French, German, Russian, vernacular languages and language policy 1803 and 1832, self-development, the Philomaths, Andrzej Busza, bilingualism, biculturalism, 19th-century and contemporary poetry, Upper Silesia, Cieszyn Silesia, Szczepan Twardoch, Jan Vrak, textual multilingualism, translation of multilingual text, strangeness, Drach, borderland, bilingualism, the bilingual Polish-Hebrew writers, Polish literature in Israel, borderland, anthropology, jargon, theory, methodology, multiculturalism, marginalization, fieldwork, contemporary Polish poetry, literature and religion, secularization, spirituality, education, reading, diagnosis, non-reading “culture”