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Publication date: 06.2021

Licence: CC BY  licence icon

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Editor-in-Chief Orcid Wacław Seruga

Issue content

Wacław Seruga

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 3-3

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Beata Malinowska-Petelenz

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 5-18

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.004.13643

To Europeans, fascination with America is like being charmed by oddity. It manifests itself in a reality that is a postmodern mixture of fragmentary experiences that manifest themselves in the image of both large American cities and roadside architecture. I analyse the horizontally stretched Los Angeles as a lively spectacle of street traffic. Despite newer and newer iconic works of architecture, shapelessness, amorphousness and scattering of this city’s spatial formations does not allow for a proper reading of its structures. My study concludes that it is not buildings or historical sites but street traffic and the highway system that define the character of this city, whose image was enhanced by world-class cinema.

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Mariusz Twardowski, Andrés Ros Campos

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 19-32

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.003.13642
Historically, the tallest buildings to be built in New York were office towers. Their height is one of the defining characteristics of Manhattan’s development, and the city’s skyline, filled with towering buildings, is recognisable all over the world. In the twenty-first century, this skyline is also formed by residential towers. We analysed the situation and evolution of housing buildings on Manhattan, buildings that are often built in place of former office buildings. Based on our research, we have observed the existence of two trajectories in the design of twenty-first-century housing in New York. The first is the functional trend and it is based on an increasing hybridisation of function. The second is the trend of height, which is closely linked with developing technological potential, and which often adversely affects access to insolation on lower storeys and to cross-ventilation. We analysed selected cases of buildings and discussed the relationships between these two architectural currents and their impact on the image and composition of the city.
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Agnieszka Żabicka

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 33-43

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.002.13641

The primary object of this study is the common space of a housing development found in Gruvedalen Valley in Longyearbyen, on the island of Spitsbergen, a part of the Svalbard Archipelago. It is a case of a social space that is atypical of European conditions. It is located in a territory with an extremely cold climate. When analysing the architecture and urban layouts of Spitsbergen, as well as its residents, I noted the role and significance of social spaces in their lives, and provided their general overview, which includes the positives, negatives and manner of use by various social groups, in addition to its quality and functional solutions. The research methods used in the study include: theoretical research, in situ field research, original report, and a survey. Social spaces support the correct functioning of the housing environment and enhance the sense of safety among residents and visitors. The most crucial factors that affects the reception and design of social spaces by residents are: architectural form, its location and linkages with the context and surroundings.

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Magdalena Duda, Paweł Trębacz

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 44-57

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.009.13647

Observation of experiences of Polish cities with railway areas shows that despite its unquestionable advantages, railway contributed to the strengthening of spatial divisions and the separation of individual areas. In the era of technological progress, tunneling of railway lines in city centers facilitates investment process in these previously problematic but exposed areas in the city landscape and contributes to their revitalization. The aim of this article is to present methods of work on a degraded post-railway area in an incoherent spatial structure of the city and to show how the effective design supports the revitalization process by complementing social activities. Based on variant, study examples, the area of the Vilnius railway line and the surrounding areas located in the Warsaw district of Praga Północ have been analyzed. The article is a part of the debate on the proper designation of the revitalization area on the basis of reliable data taken from the analyzes of existing and planned conditions in the spatial and functional context of larger urban units. 

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Joanna Olenderek, Maciej Olenderek

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 58-77

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.006.13645
The authors of the article describe selected examples of living spaces shaped and constructed in the 20th and 21st century and functioning to the present day in the city landscape. They try to explain and evaluate references to the building philosophy and design ethics. They pay particular attention to the processes of manipulation and respect for nature and open spaces. It was presented on the examples of the historical interwar housing estates in Łódź Mątwiłł Mirecki and Werkbund in Wrocław and the Zlin garden city by the Bata Company. The Bata Shoe Factory changed the shape of the entire city into a functioning space, with architecture conditioning every aspect of life. The period of post-war urban thought was presented on the model of the Sadów Żoliborskie estate and the innovative idea of the 1970s on the example of the competition for the Ursynów estate in Warsaw. It was based on the idea of a garden city and its presentation in the 1980s by creating green, low open housing estates as part of government commissions. Although these ideas were not realized, the idea, thought and desire remained. The respect for green areas of fundamental importance for the character of the place was presented on the example of the passive house complex in Konstantynów Łódzki or the Aspern estate in Vienna. The importance of respect for landscape values was emphasized, and the relationship between space, architecture and nature was explained. An attempt was made to find the main elements of space, which was of paramount importance for the preservation of values superior to the natural environment and architecture.
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Weronika Krauze

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 78-89

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.005.13644
The article discusses the issues of the architecture of contemporary nurseries and kindergartens, and highlights their access to nature and greenery based on the analysis of existing facilities in Poland and selected European and Asian facilities. The basic theoretical assumptions regarding the child’s needs in terms of architecture and contact with nature were described, compared to the realities of this type of investment. The most common and important features dominating the architecture of nurseries and kindergartens as well as its surroundings were presented and analyzed in the context of actual needs for a given age category. An attempt was made to assess the most common factors of the natural depletion of pre-school grounds and outlined the risks of continuing such an approach. The adopted research methods included, among other, analysis of scientific studies in the field of architecture, psychology and cognitive science as well as observations and experiments among the target group (children aged 3-5).
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Stanisława Wehle-Strzelecka, Monika Strzelecka-Seredyńska

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 90-95

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.010.13648

The objective of this paper is to present architectural and urban issues associated with the process of shaping residential buildings in harmony with the natural environment, in light of processes of urbanisation and degradation of this environment progressing in Europe and globally. The material focuses on identifying activities fostering a sustainable model of life in the city, in particular on solutions aiming at the limitation of urbanisation costs. These are – without limitations – concepts of designing residential buildings with respect for land protection and aiming to obtain all possible land reserves in the urban landscape. They fit in the concepts of urban development based on the principles of an ecosystem, as well as processes fostering reurbanisation, promoted today.

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Paweł Trębacz, Magdalena Duda

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 96-111

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.007.13646

In the currently functioning planning system there is a lack of studies enabling to determine the main spatial structure of larger urban units. As a result of the analysis of the process of planning the public space structure and the factors influencing the effective transformation of post-industrial areas, the authors argue that the appropriate tool for the transformation of larger and integrated urban units of the city would be an equivalent of the former master plan. The basic content that should be included in such a plan is the functional and spatial structure, defining in particular the form and the layout of the city’s public space. The examples of master plans of Pelcowizna area in conjunction with the development plan analyzed in the text, in which hierarchical spatial structures have been distinguished, show the necessity to cover the entire urban unit with general guidelines and are an example of its more effective development. The article ends with a proposal of a method concerning the manner of constructing the city’s public space structure and being a condition for an effective transformation of post-industrial areas.

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Magdalena Jagiełło-Kowalczyk

Housing Environment, 34/2021, 2021, pp. 112-119

https://doi.org/10.4467/25438700SM.21.001.13640

This paper presents the results of a survey that explored how the residents of Masuria perceived the contemporary form of singlefamily and tourist housing in their region. The conclusions of this study were used as a starting point for preparing design proposals of contemporary landscape and housing layouts based on homes for rent or agricultural tourism facilities. Bachelor of Engineering in Architecture thesis projects became an answer to the formal preferences of the residents. The temporal scope of the section presenting the survey study concerns the twenty-first century, while the archetype analysis section reaches back to the seventeenth century.

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