Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24th, 2022 the Internet, especially in social media, has seen an increase in disinformation activities about the ongoing conflict, the West’s reaction, government policy in Kiev, and the population of Ukrainian origin itself. The aim of the article is to analyze suspicious content related to this conflict, reported via the zglostrolla.pl website. On the basis of nearly 20 thousand entries, collected in the first six weeks of the project, the authors try to determine the most frequent types of entries submit-ted by Internet users, their sources and topics. They also try to answer questions about the scope of entries and identify top disinformation accounts. 

The aim of this article is to define the understanding of global media ethics in terms of its initiator and the world’s leading populariser – Stephen J.A. Ward. This article is therefore an attempt to answer the following questions: How is global media ethics understood by Stephen J.A. Ward? Why is it so necessary from his scientific perspective? What is the state of research on global media ethics in the research activities of Stephen J.A. Ward? Who among the researchers – apart from Ward – undertakes this topic? In order to implement the basic methodological assumptions, the methods of content analysis and systematic litera-ture review were used. The research material – to define the theory of global media ethics by Stephen J.A. Ward – consists of the scientific publications of Stephen J.A. Ward.

The purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, was to deter-mine whether the media coverage tames the fear of coronavirus. Interdisciplinary research by a team of psychologists and media scholars made it possible in 2020 to determine which elements of media messages about the COVID-19 pandemic cause the most anxiety. A survey (N=510) conducted in Spring 2020, repeated on the same group of respondents in 2021 (N=296), enabled us to determine how the level of anxiety associated with information on the pandemic changed over time. The surveys were accompanied by the content analyses of media messages published on the news portals such as rzeczpospolita.pl, onet.pl and gazeta.pl in the first two weeks of March, April and May 2020 and in the same weeks of March, April and May 2021. In 2020, the research sample included 1350 publications, while in 2021, 1076 articles were analysed through qualitative and quantitative analysis. The article presents the results of comparative content analyses and surveys conducted during the first and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies carried out in 2020 and 2021 show that despite the passage of time and fewer publications on the pandemic, all media messages about COVID-19 were a source of high anxiety for the respondents, and the media messages from the first year of the pandemic did not contribute to reducing this anxiety.

The aim of the article is to analyse the subscription model and its economic profitability for press publishers. The paid model of access to content and media services on the Internet has become an opportunity to overcome the crisis of the decline in readership of the printed press and increase the revenues of its publishers. The example of Gazeta Wyborcza, which was the first daily in Poland to introduce paid digital subscriptions, shows that their sale is quickly becoming the dominant form of copy sales, mainly due to a large drop in sales of the title in print. However, lower profitability of digital subscriptions results in lower revenues from sales of content to readers, and lower revenues from online advertising – lower total revenues. The analysis, therefore, showed that digital subscriptions are a way to win back readers, but not a sufficient source of funding for press activities.

In recent decades, the dissemination of access to the Internet and the popularisation of smartphones has seen the problem of their negative impact growing, especially on children and adolescents. Improper use of smartphones with mobile Internet access; round-the-clock access to games, social media, instant information; the ability to communicate with everyone anytime and anywhere; dozens of attractive applications – all these factors may lead to smartphone addiction called phonoholism. The article discusses this relatively new phenomenon. It is a critical analysis of the literature on the subject as well as a review of the latest research, attempting to organise the most important information on mobile phone addiction. By doing so, the paper indicates ways to recognise smartphone addiction in a child, in conjunction with preventive measures and assistance strategies that can help a family overcome it.

This article aims to investigate the direction of the evolution of reportage syntax and the main syntactic tendencies on the basis of Polish book reports from the 20th and 21st centuries. The material base for the reportages created in the 20th century consists of documentary texts such as: „ Dymy nad Birkenau” by Szmaglewska, „Krata” by Gojawiczyńska, „Na nieludz-kiej ziemi” by Czapski, „Inny świat” by Herling-Grudziński, „Raport o stanie wojennym” and „Karnawał i post” by Nowakowski, „Kadencja” by Szczepański. On the other hand, the corpus of the newest Polish book reportages from the 21st century includes: „Oko świata. Od Konstantynopola do Stambułu” by Cegielski, „Zabójca z miasta moreli. Reportaże z Turcji” by Szabłowski, „Czwarty pożar Teheranu” by Kęskrawiec, „Krasnojarsk zero” by Jastrzębski i Morawiecki, „Abchazja” by Górecki, „Dom nad rzeką Loes” by Janiszewski, „Dryland” by Piskała, „Wielki przypływ” by Mikołajewski, „Ziarno i krew. Podróż śladami bliskow-schodnich chrześcijan” by Rosiak, „Dybuk. Opowieść o nieważności świata” by Kopczyński and Sajewicz. The comparability of the research results was ensured thanks to the applica-tion of the postulates of the quantitative and qualitative methodology. The article uses the representative method (200 statements from each text were selected), the traditional syntax analysis method (based on the achievements of Jodłowski), the quantitative method and the comparative method (analysing the frequency of single and complex statements). The analysis of the research material allowed for the presentation of syntactic tendencies, such as: the tendency to complicate syntactic structures, an increase in syntactic intellectualisation, weaker emotionalisation, verbal character of the syntax and a tendency towards explication.

The article is a reconstruction of unknown elements of Mary Sheepshanks’ public bio- graphy related to her journey to Austria-Hungary in the spring of 1913, during which she gave lectures in Vienna, Prague, Cracow, Lviv and Stanislavov. The highlight of this journey was Sheepshanks’ participation in the women’s congress in Budapest in June 1913, and her subsequent appointment as an editor of the world-famous feminist journal Jus Suffragii. The article collects and discusses press testimonies, i.e. announcements and lecture reports published in newspapers and magazines in German and Polish. They create a picture of the reception of the content of Sheepshanks’ speeches in the social space and reflect the accompanying atmosphere as well as the attitude of journalists. This is a completely different source than a private biography, which can be reconstructed on the basis of letters and various personal documents. The press materials allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex political context accompanying Sheepshanks’ tours, which have been interpreted as a mission to recognide the situation of the feminist movement in Austria-Hungary before the Budapest congress. The article reconstructs elements of the context that are important for understanding this mission, such as the issue of the organisers of Sheepshanks’ lectures (noted in the announcements), or the seemingly trivial issue of her empathic behaviour and tastefully chosen clothing, noticed in more detailed reports.