Human trafficking still remains one of the most important problems of the modern world. It poses a threat to human life and health, it is also a crime that violates their rights. Human trafficking is seen as a modern manifestation of slavery, the exploitation of other people’s labor and the treatment of people as property over which one has fully unlimited power and the ability to decide its fate. In human trafficking, manifested is what is the worst in man, but also what is the weakest. On the one hand, we are dealing with a man who, in his humanity, treats another human being as an object, as a thing that can be bought, sold or borrowed. On the other hand, we are dealing with a man who, in his extreme weakness, whether social – caused by external circumstances or psychological – resulting from, for example, fear, is reduced to the role of an object and as such is completely enslaved, deprived of initiative and stripped of dignity. It can be said that in this situation we are dealing with the quintessence of evil in interpersonal relationships. The article presents problems related to the issue of trafficking in human beings, in particular the recognition of potential victims of this practice. Looking on the victims of trafficking in human beings trough the criminological prism gives a  wide field for the analysis of the presented problem

New technologies, including the DeFi (decentralized blockchain technology) market, are a new area of payments, loans and investments. In this article, the author presents the functioning of new technologies, many aspects of which are regulated by national and EU regulations, focusing on the risk analysis of individual and institutional users in the context of the possibility of losing assets, lack of guarantees, volatility of value, or lack of universal acceptance. In addition, due to the technological features of the system architecture, it can be used to legalize the proceeds of crime (money laundering). The article in question is also an attempt to present the areas of tasks of the state in the legislative and operational organizational scope, necessary to be undertaken in the field of counteracting potential threats.

The article addresses the issue of the statutory regulation of operational and reconnaissance activities carried out by the Polish special services and the police, as well as the unification of the general service pragmatics of officers.

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal provisions regulating the activities of communal self-government bodies in the field of crisis management. In the first part, the author analyzes the definition of crisis management, and then points to municipal self-government bodies describing their competences in the area of crisis management. Moreover, the author differentiates the competences due to their practical application. Further on, the author describes the forms of action by which competences are implemented. The article contains conclusions and observations resulting from the analysis of selected legal provisions.

The auto-aggressive behavior of prisoners is a challenge for prison administration, warders and health service, responsible for safety in the penitentiary. Self-aggressive acts of prisoners have been monitored in Polish prisons and detention centers not only recently, but for years. The number of auto-aggressive acts does not increase. The article discusses the problems of health service in prisons in relation to prisoner’s self-injury.

In the article, the authors carried out an analytical and statistical study of the dynamically progressing migration of the population which is related to various internal factors in their societies or the search for better living conditions. The paper focuses on determining whether population migration has an impact on the increase of crime and thus on the security of citizens of migrant host countries.

The purpose of the prepared study is to present the current state of public feeling regarding internal security, which is determined by the functioning of the Police ensuring public order and order in Poland. The assessment of the said feeling was presented on the basis of nationwide social surveys.

The article analyses selected systems of international cooperation in ensuring the safety of missing persons. The study indicates the categories of missing persons, the procedures regulating the conduct of a police officer in the case of a missing person, the documentation of search activities, the scale and causes of disappearances and the cooperation of institutions and non-governmental organisations in the search for a missing person. Improving the circulation of information between Police organisational units concerning disappearances outside the Republic of Poland is an important task of the institution through the dissemination of electronic exchange of information, in particular with regard to the categorisation of missing persons. Authors believes that it is important to take steps to enlist new groups to extend their reach to cover both domestic and international areas, thereby affecting the efficient and effective operations of the Police in conducting searches for missing persons both domestically and internationally.

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to the world economy, forcing individual countries to seek completely new solutions and non-standard measures to preserve the security of public finances, but also the continuity of economies and minimize the losses incurred. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the legal and economic determinants of public debt and budget deficit in European Union countries. It also focuses on examining the causes of public debt and assessing its level and effects on the economy.

The commentary approves the position of the Constitutional Tribunal expressed in the judgment of 30 September 2008 (Case K 44/07). The Constitutional Tribunal considered the application submitted by the First President of the Supreme Court, which concerned the scope of freedom of public administration authorities when they make decisions about destruction of a civil aircraft. The Constitutional Tribunal was tasked with adjudicating in this case if art. 122a act of „Prawo lotnicze” [Aviation law] is matched with art. 38, art. 31 ust. 3, art. 2, art. 26 and art. 30 of Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The decision of the judgment states that the provision of art. 122a of „Prawo lotnicze” is incompatible with the constitutional standard of protection of the right to life. Thus, the Constitutional Tribunal annulled the regulation allowing the Polish authorities to order the destruction of a passenger plane, which has been used for illegal activities, including those of a terrorist nature.

Human trafficking still remains one of the most important problems of the modern world. It poses a threat to human life and health, it is also a crime that violates their rights. Human trafficking is seen as a modern manifestation of slavery, the exploitation of other people’s labor and the treatment of people as property over which one has fully unlimited power and the ability to decide its fate. In human trafficking, manifested is what is the worst in man, but also what is the weakest. On the one hand, we are dealing with a man who, in his humanity, treats another human being as an object, as a thing that can be bought, sold or borrowed. On the other hand, we are dealing with a man who, in his extreme weakness, whether social – caused by external circumstances or psychological – resulting from, for example, fear, is reduced to the role of an object and as such is completely enslaved, deprived of initiative and stripped of dignity. It can be said that in this situation we are dealing with the quintessence of evil in interpersonal relationships. The article presents problems related to the issue of trafficking in human beings, in particular the recognition of potential victims of this practice. Looking on the victims of trafficking in human beings trough the criminological prism gives a  wide field for the analysis of the presented problem

New technologies, including the DeFi (decentralized blockchain technology) market, are a new area of payments, loans and investments. In this article, the author presents the functioning of new technologies, many aspects of which are regulated by national and EU regulations, focusing on the risk analysis of individual and institutional users in the context of the possibility of losing assets, lack of guarantees, volatility of value, or lack of universal acceptance. In addition, due to the technological features of the system architecture, it can be used to legalize the proceeds of crime (money laundering). The article in question is also an attempt to present the areas of tasks of the state in the legislative and operational organizational scope, necessary to be undertaken in the field of counteracting potential threats.

The article addresses the issue of the statutory regulation of operational and reconnaissance activities carried out by the Polish special services and the police, as well as the unification of the general service pragmatics of officers.

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal provisions regulating the activities of communal self-government bodies in the field of crisis management. In the first part, the author analyzes the definition of crisis management, and then points to municipal self-government bodies describing their competences in the area of crisis management. Moreover, the author differentiates the competences due to their practical application. Further on, the author describes the forms of action by which competences are implemented. The article contains conclusions and observations resulting from the analysis of selected legal provisions.

The auto-aggressive behavior of prisoners is a challenge for prison administration, warders and health service, responsible for safety in the penitentiary. Self-aggressive acts of prisoners have been monitored in Polish prisons and detention centers not only recently, but for years. The number of auto-aggressive acts does not increase. The article discusses the problems of health service in prisons in relation to prisoner’s self-injury.

In the article, the authors carried out an analytical and statistical study of the dynamically progressing migration of the population which is related to various internal factors in their societies or the search for better living conditions. The paper focuses on determining whether population migration has an impact on the increase of crime and thus on the security of citizens of migrant host countries.

The purpose of the prepared study is to present the current state of public feeling regarding internal security, which is determined by the functioning of the Police ensuring public order and order in Poland. The assessment of the said feeling was presented on the basis of nationwide social surveys.

The article analyses selected systems of international cooperation in ensuring the safety of missing persons. The study indicates the categories of missing persons, the procedures regulating the conduct of a police officer in the case of a missing person, the documentation of search activities, the scale and causes of disappearances and the cooperation of institutions and non-governmental organisations in the search for a missing person. Improving the circulation of information between Police organisational units concerning disappearances outside the Republic of Poland is an important task of the institution through the dissemination of electronic exchange of information, in particular with regard to the categorisation of missing persons. Authors believes that it is important to take steps to enlist new groups to extend their reach to cover both domestic and international areas, thereby affecting the efficient and effective operations of the Police in conducting searches for missing persons both domestically and internationally.

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to the world economy, forcing individual countries to seek completely new solutions and non-standard measures to preserve the security of public finances, but also the continuity of economies and minimize the losses incurred. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the legal and economic determinants of public debt and budget deficit in European Union countries. It also focuses on examining the causes of public debt and assessing its level and effects on the economy.

The commentary approves the position of the Constitutional Tribunal expressed in the judgment of 30 September 2008 (Case K 44/07). The Constitutional Tribunal considered the application submitted by the First President of the Supreme Court, which concerned the scope of freedom of public administration authorities when they make decisions about destruction of a civil aircraft. The Constitutional Tribunal was tasked with adjudicating in this case if art. 122a act of „Prawo lotnicze” [Aviation law] is matched with art. 38, art. 31 ust. 3, art. 2, art. 26 and art. 30 of Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The decision of the judgment states that the provision of art. 122a of „Prawo lotnicze” is incompatible with the constitutional standard of protection of the right to life. Thus, the Constitutional Tribunal annulled the regulation allowing the Polish authorities to order the destruction of a passenger plane, which has been used for illegal activities, including those of a terrorist nature.