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Volume 130, Issue 4

2013 Next

Publication date: 18.11.2013

Description

Licence: None

Editorial team

Issue editor Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld

Secretary Barbara Podolak

Issue content

Marcin Jaroszek

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 130, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 139-152

https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.13.009.1140

The article discusses the results of a study of how modality, as an aspect of spoken discourse competence in thirteen selected advanced students of English, was realised when Polish is the mother tongue and English the foreign language. Since the subjects demonstrated high levels of language proficiency, a portrait of an advanced learner of English is described in the first section of the article. Section 2 of the article presents the research questions and data collection procedures. The results of the study are interpreted in Section 3, in which an attempt is made to investigate possible correlations between L1 and L2 modality use with reference to deontic and epistemic modality, in a quantitative and qualitative form.

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Marek Stachowski

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 130, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 309-316

https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.13.020.1151

Very few people know that a possibility of reconstructing protolanguages or protoforms was probably first suggested as early as in the 16th century by Miechowita while discussing the origin of the name of Hungarians and that of Yugra. Miechowita’s “Treatise on the two Sarmatias” was once an extremely important source of knowledge of the geography and history of East Europe. Although much was written on its significance in correcting more or less unlikely information concerning these subjects his linguistic material was actually ignored. The aim of this study is to examine what was known about East European languages in the early sixteenth century.

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Jadwiga Waniakowa

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 130, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 317-325

https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.13.021.1152

The Gr. κάλαμος ‘cane, a thing made of cane: pen, rural pipe, fishing rod etc.’ is the primary source of certain terms for the sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) and numerous names for a pencil in many different languages. Namely, the Greek word was borrowed by Latin in the form calamus, with the same meaning, whence originated many Germanic terms for the sweet flag. What is more, the dialectal Pol. kalmus is a loanword from the Germ. Kalmus ‘sweet flag’. Additionally, the Gr. κάλαμος was borrowed by Arabic in the form qalam, whence the Osm. kalém. The forms in other Turkic languages are borrowings from Turkish. Some Albanian, Bulgarian and Macedonian terms for a pencil are also loanwords from the Turk. kalem ‘pen, thin brush, oblong bone’. The terms in many Caucasian languages are Arabisms. Moreover, the Russ. карандаш ‘pencil’, as well as many other contemporary forms from Altaic, Uralic and other languages, which constitute new borrowings from Russian today, are in fact compounds consisting of kalam ‘cane’ and daš ‘stone’.

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Alicja Witalisz

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 130, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 327-346

https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.13.022.1153

The paper examines the different ways in which English linguistic material is borrowed and adapted by two varieties of Polish, Standard Polish spoken in Poland and American Polish used by the Polish diaspora in the US. The aim of the study is to compare the factors that determine the type and range of loans in both varieties of Polish. The comparison of the ways in which Standard and American Polishes are influenced and shaped by English embraces three main areas: 1) types of loans as products of the borrowing process (such as loanwords, semantic loans, loan translations, syntactic calques, etc.), 2) adaptation of loanwords with reference to phonological, graphic, morphological and semantic adaptation, and 3) semantic fields that are most heavily affected by the borrowing process. The findings of the analysis help to identify the reasons for the discrepancies in the treatment of the English language material in the two varieties of Polish.

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Hubert Wolanin

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 130, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 347-350

https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.13.023.1154

The etymology of the Polish word jarmułka has become a subject of discussion in LingVaria (1.15: 113–124). Catalyst for the discussion was a paper written by B.A. Struminsky (1987), in which the author puts forward a thesis concerning the Latin origin of the word. The present paper constitutes a commentary in which the lexical status of the Latin word forms suggested as potential etymons of jarmułka, both in Struminsky’s paper and in the other works concerning the subject, published in the issue of LingVaria mentioned above, is interpreted from a Latinist’s perspective. Moreover, reference is also made to a paper by W.G. Plaut (1955), in which the author postulated the Latin etymology of jarmułka 30 years prior to the work of Struminsky.

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Jacek Woźny

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, Volume 130, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 351-368

https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.13.024.1155

The goal of the paper is to investigate the role of motion in Force Dynamics, a framework developed by Talmy (1976, 1988, 2000) and adopted by, for example, Sweetser (1982, 1991), Johnson (1987), Pinker (1989, 1997), Jackendoff (1990) and Brandt (1992). To this aim, descriptions of force-dynamic schemas (gestalts) by Johnson (1987) and Talmy (2000) were analysed to prove that both authors often use the word force metonymically to refer to motion or, more specifically, to the moving object, its velocity or trajectory, which accounts for vagueness and sometimes even inaccuracy of description. The conclusions of our study were then applied to the analysis of 50 metaphors of motion, which showed that all of them can be characterised by just four force-motion schemas, differing from one another in terms of continuity, application of forces, as well as spatial and temporal constraints of motion.

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