In this contribution, the author, following on from a number of previous articles on the topic, discusses the problem of the use of the various titles for Imāms and religiously edu­cated people among Sino-phonic Muslims: Āhōng (阿訇), Yīmǎmù (伊瑪目), Jiàozhǎng (教長) and Jīngshī (經師). It is shown that these terms are used in different contexts and in very specific situations (e.g. different use in homogeneous Muslim communities in Western China compared to the diaspora communities in Eastern China).

The present study questions whether the Old Turkic verb us- ‘to be thirsty’ is derived from the nominal base *u ‘water’, which is attested as such in Kitan and as *usun in Common Mongolic. Since there is no denominal verbal formative +s- in Turkic, us- must be regarded as a simplex. Since both *u ‘water’ and +(A)s- are present in Mongolic, the Turkic verb is considered to be a loanword from Pre-Proto-Mongolic *us-, which was replaced in Proto-Mongolic by *umdaas- ‘to be thirsty’.

This paper aims to compare and contrast the discursive representations of migrants in the context of the ongoing migration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and the surge of Ukrainian refugees into Poland post-February 2022. The author chose 60 articles from the official TVP Info website using the keywords refugee, migrate, immigrants, etc. Informed by Critical Discourse Analysis, the research drew on social actor theory (van Leeuwen 2009), as well as Systemic Functional Analysis (Halliday and Matthiessen 2014). The results reveal that there are significant differences in the depiction of Ukrainian refugees versus migrants encamped on the Polish-Belarusian border. The Ukrainians were portrayed as individuals with distinct and poignant narratives, whereas for the description of migrants from the border, abstract nouns were used, presenting them as a homogeneous and threatening collective. Agentivity patterns also proved to vary depending both on the context and the time of publication of the article. The earlier articles presented the migrant as a passive patient of other agent’s actions, while the more recent ones displayed some instances of their agency. The paper may serve as a springboard for further studies on the issue of migration in Polish media discourse.