The subject of the analysis is to show the legal and systemic conditions of social assistance in the Polish state at the local government level. It will show the evolution of the social functions of the state and contemporary legal regulations. The place and role of local government administration in performing tasks in the field of social policy, especially on the basis of the Act of 2004, was indicated. Two basic research methods were used: institutional-legal and historicaldescriptive analysis, and to a lesser extent also a comparative method. The main research question is; how the legal conditions in the Polish state evolved, with particular emphasis on local administration.

The legislator in Art. 61 of the Act on Social Assistance, established a catalog of entities obliged to bear the costs of an inhabitant’s stay in the Nursing Home. The resident himself was indicated among those obliged to do so, and then family members, i.e. the spouse and ascendants before the descendants, as well as the commune from which the person was referred to this facility. The administration body conducts proceedings to determine the amount of the fee, and the legal title to bear it remains the concluded contract or administrative decision. This specific dualism raises important concerns in the practice of applying the law, which are indicated by administrative courts in their judgments. This article is an attempt to analyze the views from the jurisprudence.

The scope of tasks of the Municipal Social Welfare Centre in Kraków (Miejski Ośrodek Pomocy Społecznej w Krakowie) and the Municipal Police of Kraków (Straż Miejska Miasta Krakowa), both being local government institutions, enforces their close cooperation that ensures an effective execution of their goals by undertaking actions especially concerning the homeless. Threats from individuals, that are often of physical violence kind, that social workers are often unprepared to face, are inseparably incorporated in the specific nature of social work. To improve their safety and comfort of work, social workers aware of potential dangers ought to peruse opportunities offered by local departments of the Municipal Police operating in their remit. It is advisable that social workers know, however superficially, the statutory roles and responsibilities of the Municipal Police. To facilitate a seamless performance of their tasks by conducting them with all possible safety measures, social workers may request an assistance of the Municipal Police unit while on duty.

The article is empirical in nature and addresses the issue of the situation of people with disabilities on the labor market in Poland. The aim of this study was to find out the opinions of students from Polish academic universities on the above subject. The presented article is a report on the results of the research carried out in a group of 98 female and 27 male students. The conducted empirical analysis made it possible to diagnose the knowledge and opinions of students on: types of disabilities that may cause the greatest difficulties when looking for employment, contact with people with disabilities in the workplace, workplaces where, according to students’ opinion, they can look for a job, the most common barriers faced by such people in the workplace, the most important ways of intervening in supporting employment of people with disabilities. Relevant conclusions were formulated and explained in the discussion, along with the potential reasons for such and no other responses of the study participants.

We present the forgotten theory of neighborhood services developed by Jules Gazon. Gazon’s concept is known to some humanist economists in Poland, although it has not been included in the broader debate on the shape and meaning of social employment policy in the 21st century. From a European perspective, Jules Gazon has outlined the direction and defined the conditions under which a certain program of activities can be implemented, which could be called a “solidarity model of the social economy”. It is a project for the organization of the social employment system that combines professional activation, employment policy and welfare protection of the state. According to Gazon’s initial assumptions, neither traditional forms of social welfare nor free-market laissezfaire provide an ethically satisfactory solution to the problem of unemployment and the related problems of social exclusion or economic inequalities. The argument is based on the methodical analysis of the documentation of many macroeconomic studies, which – apart from traditional measures of changes in the economic situation – also refer to new conditions caused by the processes of capital flow globalization, technological progress and local conditions of labor markets, i.e. the scope of interventionism or the developed standard of living of citizens of individual countries. The key to a different way of thinking about the labor market is the idea that the subject of this market is not a commodity, as in the case of the goods and services market, but precisely a (holistically understood) human being, whose role cannot be reduced to the operation of a simple market mechanism.

The aim of the presented article is to show the role of different forms and types of activity of elderly people in the aspect of emerging crises of old age. The article has a review character. The presented content focuses on the needs that can be satisfied through activity in old age, discusses the problems and crises of elderly people, which on the one hand can discourage them from getting older.It discusses the problems and crises of the elderly, which, on the one hand, can discourage people from becoming active, on the other, act as a motivating factor for change.

The time of the pandemic is an unknown reality that we all have to face. Remote education does not only affect the state of our knowledge. School is a place where peers meet every day to build their social relationships. For most students, education is primarily the lack of systematic learning, which results in school backlogs. Lack of direct relationships with peers and teachers is associated with a decrease in self-worth. For children on the autism spectrum, both the daily routine and the predictability of what will happen play an important and important issue in their development, education and proper functioning in society. Throwing out of the established rhythm of life evokes fear, frustration, and disturbs the sense of security. Classes conducted through a computer screen are a big challenge for a parent who has to become a teacher overnight, working with his child at home on the basis of the lesson material provided.

The text of this paper shows that mass media not only record the information, data or cultural phenomena available but they play an important role in transmitting information. They not only receive but also interpret the received information and even manipulate information. In this way they create a distorted picture of the world around us. Mass media can play both positive and negative roles in transmitting their message, serving truth or lies. By remaining dependent on their owners, they can spread some anti-values by manipulating people, thus contributing to the emergence of a modern form of slavery. Therefore, if they pose a threat to universally recognized positive values it becomes necessary to develop methods and tools effective for critical assessment of their roles. It becomes very important in the context of young learners, who need to be prepared for receiving the right way the transmitted information.

The research was conducted in 2020 and showed that the period of the pandemic will generally have a negative impact on the student’s community. Among students negative emotional states appeared that weakened the psyche of the respondents, and in some cases there was even a nervous breakdown and suicidal thoughts. The students lost their self-esteem, some were touched by a sense of psychological harm and suffering. Among students there were fears about the future and a real threat to the loss of one’s own health and that of relatives. Mental and physical fatigue of students, the impression of slowing down the passage of time and limitations in interpersonal contacts forced changes in the daily rhythm of the day and even corrections in their life plans. The pandemic situation also significantly reduced the pace and motivation to learn and the emergence of such conditions as loss of interests, decreased concentration, difficulty remembering. It may seem disturbing that already in the second wave of the pandemic, as many as 29% of coronersceptics were among the students who studied there. The positive phenomena were that the period of isolation contributed to drawing attention to the quality and quantity of interpersonal contacts and their proper appreciation, and the fact that the extremely burdensome situation did not result in resorting to stimulants and drugs in order to improve well-being.

This article is empirical and addresses an important issue concerning ethical dilemmas in the context of professional work of a doctor in various hospital departments. The aim of the implemented diagnostic project was to find out the opinions of medical students in Poland on the above subject. The presented article is a report on the results of research in a group of 85 female students and 58 male students. The conducted empirical analysis made it possible to diagnose issues related to the ethical dilemmas of a physician, namely: abortion, euthanasia, the presence of doctors in drug advertisements, invasive tests, persistent therapy towards patients in a morally difficult situation, treatment in prisons, receiving gifts from patients and the frequency of the occurrence of unethical situations from the patient’s point of view. Relevant conclusions were formulated and explained in the discussion, based on the provisions of the Code of Medical Ethics.

Searching for ethical fundaments and principles of human’s economic activity, almost all popes refer to the evolutionistic justification in their papers. Almost all popes, raising a question in their encyclicals, accept so-called formal capitalism conditions, these are: private property, free market and individual entrepreneurship, not submitting any manipulations of a nation. However, the main characteristic feature for these popes is that they all agree with so-called formal capitalism conditions, but they justify them from different perspectives. They use other arguments for justifying human entrepreneurship or human freedom in an economics field, not differing from referring to formal conditions. And however, dozens of years divide all these popes - because they lived in different times and eras - and that single voice, which they use in their pontificate histories, reflects on full agreement and social education continuity of the Church as for social issues, entrepreneurship development and its functioning according to Catholic principles.