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The logic of the nation: Nationalism, formal logic, and interwar Poland

Data publikacji: 12.12.2018

Studia Historiae Scientiarum, 2018, 17 (2018), s. 207 - 251

https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.009.9329

Autorzy

David E. Dunning
Princeton University, Department of History (Princeton, USA)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-5926 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

The logic of the nation: Nationalism, formal logic, and interwar Poland

Abstrakt

Between the World Wars, a robust research community emerged in the nascent discipline of mathematical logic in Warsaw. Logic in Warsaw grew out of overlapping imperial legacies, launched mainly by Polish-speaking scholars who had trained in Habsburg universities and had come during the First World War to the University of Warsaw, an institution controlled until recently by Russia and reconstructed as Polish under the auspices of German occupation. The intellectuals who formed the Warsaw School of Logic embraced a patriotic Polish identity. Competitive nationalist attitudes were common among interwar scientists – a stance historians have called “Olympic internationalism,” in which nationalism and internationalism interacted as complementary rather than conflicting impulses.

One of the School’s leaders, Jan Łukasiewicz, developed a system of notation that he promoted as a universal tool for logical research and communication. A number of his compatriots embraced it, but few logicians outside Poland did; Łukasiewicz’s notation thus inadvertently served as a distinctively national vehicle for his and his colleagues’ output. What he had intended as his most universally applicable invention became instead a respected but provincialized way of writing. Łukasiewicz’s system later spread in an unanticipated form, when postwar computer scientists found aspects of its design practical for working under the specific constraints of machinery; they developed a modified version for programming called “Reverse Polish Notation” (RPN). RPN attained a measure of international currency that Polish notation in logic never had, enjoying a global career in a different discipline outside its namesake country. The ways in which versions of the notation spread, and remained or did not remain “Polish” as they traveled, depended on how readers (whether in mathematical logic or computer science) chose to read it; the production of a nationalized science was inseparable from its international reception.

 

Logika narodu: Nacjonalizm, logika formalna i międzywojenna Polska

W okresie międzywojennym w rodzącej się dyscyplinie logiki matematycznej w Warszawie wyłoniła się silna społeczność badawcza. Logika w Warszawie wyrosła w wyniku nakładających się na siebie imperialnych spuścizn, dzięki działaniom głównie polskojęzycznych uczonych, którzy kształcili się na uniwersytetach habsburskich i przybyli w czasie I wojny światowej na Uniwersytet Warszawski, instytucję kontrolowaną do niedawna przez Rosję i zrekonstruowaną jako polską pod auspicjami niemieckiego okupanta. Intelektualiści, którzy tworzyli Warszawską Szkołę Logiki, przyjęli patriotyczną polską tożsamość. Konkurencyjne postawy nacjonalistyczne były powszechne wśród naukowców międzywojennych – stanowisko, które historycy nazwali „internacjonalizmem olimpijskim”, w którym nacjonalizm i internacjonalizm oddziaływały jako impulsy raczej wzajemnie się uzupełniające niż sprzeczne.

Jeden z liderów Szkoły, Jan Łukasiewicz, opracował system notacji, który promował jako uniwersalne narzędzie do badań i komunikacji w logice. Wielu jego rodaków przyjęło ten system notacji, ale niewielu logików poza Polską. W ten sposób notacja Łukasiewicza nieumyślnie posłużyła jemu i jego współpracownikom jako narzędzie specyficznie polskie. Wynalazek, który w zamyśle miał być najbardziej uniwersalną formą zapisu, stał się szanowanym, lecz zrozumiałym tylko w kraju narzędziem. System notacji Łukasiewicza później rozprzestrzenił się w nieprzewidzianej formie, gdy powojenni informatycy zdali sobie sprawę z praktycznej użyteczności jego aspektów do pracy w specyficznych uwarunkowaniach maszynowych i opracowali zmodyfikowaną wersję tej notacji do programowania o nazwie „Reverse Polish Notation” (RPN). RPN osiągnął miarę waluty międzynarodowej, której nigdy nie miała polska notacja w logice, ciesząc się globalną karierą w innej dyscyplinie poza krajem jej imiennika. Drogi, w jakich wersje tej notacji rozprzestrzeniły się i pozostały lub nie pozostały „polskie” podczas tej podróży, zależały od tego, jak czytelnicy (zajmujący się logiką matematyczną albo informatyką) postanowili czytać tę notację; tworzenie znacjonalizowanej nauki było nierozerwalnie związane z jej międzynarodową recepcją.

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Informacje

Informacje: Studia Historiae Scientiarum, 2018, 17 (2018), s. 207 - 251

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

The logic of the nation: Nationalism, formal logic, and interwar Poland

Angielski:

The logic of the nation: Nationalism, formal logic, and interwar Poland

Autorzy

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-5926

David E. Dunning
Princeton University, Department of History (Princeton, USA)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-5926 Orcid
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Publikacja: 12.12.2018

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