Fans represent a shift in media consumption, and their patterns of behaviour are increasingly visible outside their communities, in other groups. With the observed shift towards a network society, of which fandoms are an emanation, the field of social conflict begins to operate within culture. Cultural power over media products no longer belongs only to the creators, but is also influenced by the users, who cease to passively consume products, creatively interpreting them and engaging in their development. The aim of the article was to show this process on the example of content analysis of internet entries created within the environment of the Game of Thrones fandom, including speculations which the fans of the brand carried out in the context of the plot development.

The article presents knowledge in the field of child psychology in reference to social dysfunction in society on two video games produced by the Swedish studio Killmonday Games. The game „Fran Bow” from 2015 and „Little Misfortune” from 2019 were subject to content analysis. Based on both productions, it was shown how children can perceive events taking place in society. An attempt was also made to prove that video games have influence on the results of the actions of recipients with problems, with the effectiveness of action on children and the harmful impact on social phenomena.

The categories of disinformation and fake news are among the more frequently invoked concepts in the context of discussions about modernity. On the one hand, there is widespread agreement on the special (negative) role of media phenomena defined in this way, while on the other hand, a lot of research is being conducted to shed light on their nature and principles of operation. Meanwhile, there is a fundamental – at least from the point of view of the social sciences – problem with these concepts. Namely, we do not have their precise definitions. The presented text has the task of analyzing the state of affairs in this regard and proposing an adequate approach. This approach, in fact, identifies the category of disinformation with the category of fake news (in the broader sense), while pointing out the constitutive features of both these phenomena, related to the categories of truth, intention and media format. These features are analyzed in the context of the category of the media genre of information (more specifically, the information function understood in a pragmatic way) and the discursive framework of journalism, into which, as will be shown in the text, disinformation attempts to intrude.

In the presented work, new opportunities were sought to address conflicts of interest in the media industry. It was considered, according to Dennis Thompson’s definition, that a conflict of interest is a series of circumstances and a legitimate concern that a secondary objective will affect the primary one. The primary interest refers to the primary, even statutory goals of the media business, namely the fulfilment of the social mission, while the secondary interest includes personal benefit. It seems that in the media, profit should not be the primacy – rather, it should be a certain prism. The purpose of the article is to formulate a certain proposal, based on the renegotiation of the current state. A so-called third way (relative to non-profit and for-profit activities) is proposed, which is worth further discussion. To this end, an analysis of the financial situation and an analysis of the declared mission of selected media entities was conducted: radio stations such as BBC Radio, WWOZ, WRBH. Careful tracing of these two dimensions (mission and finances) makes it possible to deepen the discourse related to the conflict of interest. It also provides a proposal for renegotiating beliefs about the media business in general. For the purpose of the article and research objective, the research question was formulated: Does the media have to choose between profit and social mission? The obtained research results and the discussion of the results do not allow to answer the research question in the affirmative. With this, it can be assumed that media organizations do not have to choose between profit and social mission. The changing situation of the BBC in the coming years, including BBC Radio, requires further observation and verification of whether the British broadcaster will become a recognized and recognized case of combining profit with mission, perhaps even in a sustainable and inclusive way.

The purpose of this article is to examine how brewery brands portray their products on Facebook and Instagram, and whether their practices comply with current laws in Poland. The theoretical part presents selected legal issues in the field of advertising and promotion of alcoholic beverages. The empirical part uses the methodology of qualitative research. Firstly, a technique of media content analysis was used based on the use of categorization key. Next, a focus interview was conducted with 5 people of different age and gender on the associations that graphic identification of selected beer brands evokes in them. The combination of these 2 methods provided a better understanding of the given research problem. It was proved that brewery brands only partially follow the rules established by the Polish legal order regarding advertising and promotion on social media platforms.

The article addresses the issue of the use of images generated with the use of artificial intelligence as part of disinformation in the first year of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24.02.2022–24.02.2023). Based on the review of the literature, reports and media coverage in Polish, English, Ukrainian and Russian, examples of the use of deepfake in Russian disinformation were highlighted and how such technology was used and what was its significance in a theoretical context.

The paper presents the scope of application of artificial intelligence in the communication process. Particular attention was paid to the technology of bots used in new media. The functionality of these solutions in turbulent market conditions has been described, indicating both their positive and negative effects in turbulent communication conditions. The Author pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of practical applications of artificial intelligence in new media and the prospects for improving such communication possibilities.

The aim of the article is to analyse Jerzy Urban’s image on Twitter. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for the purpose of the article. The analysis of contents served as the main tool. The Twitonomy tool was used to support the process of analysis. The author discusses Jerzy Urban’s persona and references the editor-in-chief of Nie weekly magazine – closely connected to traditional media (printed press) in the Internet world – by describing his online „second life”. She also provides an analysis of his online image. The starting point of the analysis was a discussion which took place on Twitter after the death of Jerzy Urban. Some Internet users said goodbye to „an outstanding columnist” while others to „a repulsive servant of a criminal system”. The author decided to check which image of the journalist is prevalent in the microblogging environment. The analysis of tweets has shown that the way Twitter Martyna Siudak 148 users perceive Jerzy Urban is inconclusive. Numerous extreme statements were used to describe the editor-in-chief of Nie – from a positive „phenomenon” through a neutral „columnist” to „a communist criminal”. The material analysed by the author presents a mostly negative image of Urban. He was a controversial, emotive figure and his perception largely depends on the generation to which we belong.

The article presents a television image of the migration crisis that took place on the Polish section of the border between the EU and the Republic of Belarus at the turn of August and September 2021, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of polarization in Polish audiovisual media. The study analyses the news coverage of the news services of the three largest Polish television broadcasters: Wiadomości TVP, Wydarzenia Polsat and Fakty TVN. The following methods were used in the analysis of the content of television news: qualitative, quantitative and comparative. The study made it possible to identify (using the framing theory and agenda setting) fundamental differences in the information provided by the most critical tv broadcasters in Poland devoted to this issue. The differences identified by the author were revealed primarily in the editors’ approach to the order in which selected content was presented, in the verbal and visual layer Monika Kożdoń-Dębecka 162 of news about migrants, and in the manner of commenting on the materials of competing stations by individual competing editorial offices. The results of the content analysis provide also insight into the type of polarizing processes in the audiovisual media in Poland.

The publication is an attempt to describe and analyse the image crisis of the Polish influencer ‒ Nicole Sochacki-Wójcicka, which began in February 2023. The main subject of the research is the analysis of the influencer profile ‒ the content published on the @mamaginekolog Instagram profile in the years 2022‒2023 was subjected to a detailed analysis. The article poses questions about the ways of using social networking sites to build and implement an image strategy, as well as about the actions (strategy) adopted during the ongoing crisis. Based on the case studies, it was established that the process of managing the image of Mama Gynaecologist was gradually professionalized commensurate with the developing commercial activity of the influencer. The analysis of Nicole Sochacki-Wójcicka’s e-activity during the ongoing image crisis indicates the lack of existence or too slow introduction of a crisis prevention strategy. It is noticeable that they rely on limiting the effects of the event by partial withdrawal from the virtual world, as well as an attempt to warm up the image by publishing posts regarding the private sphere.

Nowadays, with the development of virtual space, it is evident that society is becoming more susceptible to content and models created online. Moreover, the boundary between the real world and the virtual world is slowly becoming blurred. Cyberspace creates advantageous conditions for development but is also a source of danger in all aspects of life. The purpose of this paper is to take a critical look at the use of VR technology and the analysis of the psychosocial consequences of its utilization. The article is a systematization of knowledge about the areas of use and opportunities offered by virtual reality, as well as the hazards it causes. The topics covered in the article address the psychosocial consequences of the use of virtual reality. It also focuses on analysing the influence of VR usage on the escalation of specific eating disorders.