19 (1/2024)

First View

Publication date: 2024

Description

Czasopismo dofinansowane przez Uniwersytet Jagielloński ze środków Inicjatywy Doskonałości na Wydziale Filozoficznym oraz Katedry Porównawczych Studiów Cywilizacji

Licence: CC BY

Editorial team

Issue Editors Bożena Prochwicz-Studnicka, Agata Świerzowska

Issue content

Articles

Reputation Management of Ukrainian Political Opinion Leaders on Social Media in Times of War (the Serhiy Prytula Case)

Olena Goroshko, Nataliia Kashyrova

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 11-30

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.001.20476

The main objective of this study is to ask how the reputation of personalities on social media is established during times of war, what its components are, and what factors influence it during the rapidly changing context of wartime. Among the factors that influence public image, one can speak about the values and cultural characteristics of the target audience, the duration of reputation, social cohesion and solidarity with active groups in society to fight against the aggressor, co-experiencing the trauma caused by war, and co-writing a history stored in the collective memory of the people, the lexical colouring of the text used, and orientation towards traditional values. The case selected for the study is Serhiy Prytula, a famous Ukrainian media person, public activist and founder of the Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation. Serhiy Prytula’s posts on social platforms (Telegram, Facebook, and Instagram) in the period of Ukraine’s announced counter-offensive in June 2023 were chosen for the research. Employing a methodology based on thematic and content analysis of social media posts, the authors identify the components and factors influencing reputation. The picture of the Ukrainian society in wartime built by opinion leaders across social networks shows a changing society, where volunteering is a positive trend but resentment is an alarming tendency – the desire to take revenge and blame other people for one’s problems, which contributes to justifying Russia’s military aggression.

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Residual Orality in Russia and the Russo-Ukrainian War

David Ragnar Hallbeck

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 31-46

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.002.20477

This article studies the connection between residual orality and war propaganda in contemporary Russia. I study, based on the theories of Walter J. Ong, the influence of literacy and orality on culture and the claim that Russia is still a society with a high degree of residual orality, although, simultaneously, with an extremely high degree of exquisite literacy. I conclude that contemporary Russia preserves many of the formulas and stereotypes characteristic of oral societies and that this fact is of crucial importance for the support for the current war among the Russian population, especially since the age cohorts in favour of the war also seem to be the most sensitive to motifs characteristic of residual orality.

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Wse bude Ukrajina! Zapiski i dzienniki z pierwszego roku najazdu

Marek Wilczyński

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 47-60

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.003.20478

This paper presents an analysis of the subject matter and language contained in published notes and diaries written by Ukrainians in the first year of the Russian invasion which started on 24 February 2022. The primary literature includes two anthologies of passages, fragments, and sometimes just laconic excerpts from recorded oral interviews. The author approached the material in terms of three aspects of war diaries distinguished by Pawel Rodak: (1) existential-pragmatic; (2) material and (3) textual. All the recent Ukrainian private journals analysed stress the existential-pragmatic value of their testimonies, while the material aspect related to the medium seems less important, with the exception of Serhyi Zhadan’s diary consisting exclusively of regularly published Facebook posts. The textual aspect is characterised by the omnipresent reference to war, which turns private documents into potential sources for historians. As regards recurrent motifs, many diarists emphasise the sensations of being lost in time and/or space, also focusing on the disintegration of personality and the inadequacy of language to the harrowing war experience of witnesses who are no different from victims-survivors according to contemporary psychiatry.

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Portraits of War Refugees in Contemporary Polish Drama for Children

Karolina Kaleta

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 61-74

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.004.20479

From the perspective of the history of literature, war is a fundamental and crucial motif, present in a vast range of texts created by different cultures in different periods. Refugees are one of the brutal, yet usual, consequences of armed conflicts. However, neither the war nor its victims are commonly considered typical themes in dramas for children. Similarly to other so-called “difficult topics,” like death or illness, they used to be perceived as a certain taboo, absent from the art for the youngest audience. This paper aims to present different artistic strategies for portraying refugees and war victims in contemporary Polish drama for children. The analysis was based on practical examples and contains deeper insights into three texts written by the most frequently staged Polish playwrights. Although the article focuses on local dramaturgy, the context of adaptations of foreign literature was also included. The article is meant to fill the gap in the literature involving image of refugees in Polish theatre and drama for children, yet to be investigated.

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Inhabitants of the Non-Sites of Memory: a guardian mole (by Czesław Miłosz) and crawling death (by Zdzisław Beksiński)

Klaudia Węgrzyn

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 75-89

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.005.20480

The aim of this study is to take a new look at artistic representations of the Non-Sites of Memory, proposing a comparative analysis of two creatures – presented as new survivors or old arrivals on the postwar/ post-apocalyptic scene. A guardian mole (poem Poor Christian Looks at the Ghetto by Czesław Miłosz, 1944) and Crawling Death (Without title, a painting by Zdzisław Beksiński, 1975) bring to life yet-human and sub-human figures and represent two ideas of being a witness/bystander, while also constituting a general commentary on the various ways that memory and remembrance work in the personal life of the artist.

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The Absolute Sacrifice as an Attempt to Reach God. Reflections on the Work and Life of Simone Weil

Agata Płazińska

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 91-103

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.006.20481

The figure of the philosopher and her writing heritage is the main subject of this paper, which examines the phenomenon of her death. Despite numerous items of literature and research about Weil, no attempt has been made by any researcher to analyse her life and death. Looking at various cultural and philosophical aspects, researchers have sought to highlight her death as a human sacrifice. No researcher so far has ever examined the phenomenon of Weil’s death as a supererogative act. The figure of Simone Weil and an analysis of her death highlights the sacrifice aspect of her life.

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Interpretatio Mundi

Oka Asajirō, Wojna i pokój (tłumaczenie z języka japońskiego)

Renata Iwicka

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 105-117

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.007.20482

„War and Peace” by Oka Asajirō, written in 1904, in the middle of Japan-Russia War, can take its place among modern texts regarding the development of Japan at the dawn of 20th century. For some time, Japanese political thought seemed to be heterogenous – with sources in Confucianism, Western philosophy, social Darwinism, art, natural sciences etc. Oka himself firmly belonged to the last group – he was a scientist focused on moss animals (kokemushi). With time, observations on bryozoa’s superorganisms gave way to formulating a political idea about nations as a similar construct. “War and Peace” is the very beginning of such political thought for Oka, and a source of inspiration for others.

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Saadat Hasan Manto, Toba Tek Singh (tłumaczenie z języka urdu)

Jacek Bąkowski

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 119-138

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.008.20483

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Dialogues and Diagnoses

Zrodzona z wojny: Współczesna mitologia ukraińska

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 139-165

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.009.20484

The article offers a definition of the modern Ukrainian myth, whose main characteristics are described. The inclusion of such myths in modern folklore is substantiated. Myths that were created or restored in Ukraine under the influence of the Russian-Ukrainian war are described: about Mother Earth, about magical creatures, about ancestors, about kinship with animals, about an immortal hero-protector.

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Raising a Warrior-wrestler: Ukrainian Belt Wrestling [borotba na poiasakh] (an Attempt at Cultural and Educational Analysis)

Olesia Smolinska , Bogdan Semeniv, Kostiantyn Koptiev, Taras Mazur

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 153-165

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.010.20485

The article examines the topical issue of raising a warrior as a holistic educational process that has a deep philosophical background and a broad cultural basis. That is, an attempt has been made to analyse the fundamentals that constitute a coherent basis for the development of a cultural concept of the Ukrainian warrior-wrestler. Ukrainian belt wrestling is preserved and revived as tradition of physical culture. Its cultural and educational analysis is carried out in the direction of inclusion and inseparability of the Ukrainian cultural and European civilisational contexts.

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Aporie dotyczące propagandy we współczesnym świecie na przykładzie środowiska internetowego. Kilka refleksji związanych z inwazją Rosji na Ukrainę.

Paulina Tendera, Taras Mazur

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 167-183

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.011.20486

According to numerous contemporary studies, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the hybrid war waged by Russia have generated a huge quantity of propaganda primarily in social media, such as Facebook, Instagram and Telegram. These tools are the easiest, fastest, cheapest and most effective way to reach millions of recipients who are (consciously and unconsciously) authors of propaganda content, administrators, participants of various discussion groups and readers. This is one of the reasons why, after the invasion began in Russia, many websites used for communication and building online communities were blocked. However, the problem also lies outside the "Russian Internet", as, apart from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, no other post-Soviet country has confirmed the existence of its secret services. We may therefore discover that Russian influence in the "information noise" surrounding the war is significant.

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„DOPEŁNIENIE”: wernisaż wystawy prac prof. Pawła Taranczewskiego w Galerii Pryzmat: owoc współpracy Związku Polskich Artystów Plastyków Okręg Krakowski oraz Nautilus. Galeria i Dom Aukcyjny (1.02.2023). Sprawozdanie

Paulina Tendera

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 185-187

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.012.20487

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Murasaki Shikibu. 2023. Opowieść o Genjim, adaptacja Sean Michael Wilson, ilustracje Inko AiTakita. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Kirin. Esej z elementami recenzji

Anna Kuchta, Joanna Malita-Król

The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture. New Series, 19 (1/2024), First View, pp. 189-196

https://doi.org/10.4467/24506249PJ.24.013.20488

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Files to download

Contents PDF Wstęp (Elżbieta Olzacka i Paulina Tendera) PDF

Słowa kluczowe: online reputation, opinion leader, social media, war, Ukraine, Residual orality, Russia, Zakhar Prilepin, propaganda, Levada centre, poetry, rhetoric, stereotypes, Russo-Ukrainian war, war, Ukraine, Russia, diary, experience, trauma, theatre for children and young adults, new dramaturgy, war, refugees, puppet theatre, non-sites of memory, postwar, guardian mole, crawling death, Zdzisław Beksiński, Czesław Miłosz, Simone Weil, sacrifice, eternal life, heresy, responsibility, death, supererogative act, Japan, Meiji, war, upbringing, warrior-wrestler, Ukrainian belt wrestling, Ukrainian culture, physical culture, upbringing, warrior-wrestler, Ukrainian belt wrestling, Ukrainian culture, physical culture, propaganda, Russian invasion of Ukraine, media, social media, Slavoj Žižek

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