Śląski refleks traktatu Herona. Salomon de Caus i wrocławski ogród Laurentiusa Scholza
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEData publikacji: 02.10.2024
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, 2024, Tom 69, Numer 3, s. 41 - 67
https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589XKHNT.24.023.20108Autorzy
The Silesian Impact of Hero’s Treatise. Salomon de Caus and the Wrocław Garden of Laurentius Scholz
In the existing literature, Salomon de Caus has been credited as the inventor of a device where water circulation was driven by pneumatic tanks equipped with lenses. The identification of such a device in the garden of Laurentius Scholz in Wrocław nearly two decades earlier prompted the necessity to verify this belief. The authors attempted to elucidate the functioning of the device based on available texts, analogies, and iconography. They also presented the contemporary technologies of water devices in gardens, including their sources, functions, and cultural significance. The methods of supplying water to gardens were analyzed, along with the likely connection between the garden and the water supply network in Wrocław. The discussion incorporated the perception of water, encompassing preferences and the assessment of water quality based on its origin (rainwater, well water, river water, lake water, etc.). The symbolism and intricate depiction of the manifestation of the water element in gardens were explained. Based on preserved treatises and accounts, the authors determined that individual elements of the device could be found in works dedicated to hydraulics, pneumatics, distillation, or medicine. They speculated that both Scholz and de Caus may have become acquainted with the solar pump in one of the gardens in Italy, such as Tivoli, or most likely in Pratolino, where numerous automata could be found, primarily inspired by the works of Heron of Alexandria.
Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan [BA], ms. CA, L. da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus.
Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana in Venice [BNM], ms. Gr. 516, Hero of Alexandria, Pneumatica.
Acidalius V., Ianus quadrifrons custos Hortii Scholtziani ad hospitem, [in:] In Laurentii Scholzii Medici Wratisl. Hortum Epigrammata Amicorum, Vratislaviae 1594, sig. G4r–H3v.
Aleotti G.B., Gli artifitiosi et curiosi moti spiritali di Herrone, Ferrara 1589.
Calagius A., Hortus Doct. Laurentii Scholzii medici et philosophi, quem ille colit Vratislaviae, situm intra ipsa civitatis moenia, celebratus carmine […], Vratislaviae 1592.
Calagius A., Hortus Doct. Laurentii Scholzii medici et philosophi, quem ille colit Vratislaviae, situm intra ipsa civitatis moenia, celebratus carmine, Vratislaviae 1582.
Cardano G., De Subtilitate rerum, Nuremberg 1550.
Caus S. de, Hortus Palatinus: A Friderico Rege Boemiae Electore Palatino Heidelbergae Exstructus, Francofurti 1620.
Caus S. de, Les Raisons des Forces Mouvantes avec diverses machines tant utiles que plaisantes, Francfort 1615.
Commandino F., Heronis Alexandrini Spiritalium liber. A Federico Commandino Vrbinate, ex Graeco, nuper in Latinum conuersus, Urbino 1575.
Giorgi A., Spiritali di Herone Alessandrino ridotti in lingua volgare da Alessandro Giorgi da Urbino, Urbino 1592.
Hayer G., Horti Scholziani Chalcographica Delineatio […], chalcography, Vratisl[avia] 1598.
Kircher A., Ars magna lucis et vmbrae in decem libros digesta, Romae 1645.
Lonitzer A., Kreuterbuch, Franckfort am Meyn 1560.
Montaigne M. de., The journal of Montaigne’s travels in Italy by Way of Switzerland and Germany in 1580 and 1581, 3 vols., vols. 1 and 2, ed. by W.G. Waters, London 1903.
Porta G. della., Natural Magick in XX bookes, London 1658.
Porta G. della., De distillatione lib. IX […], Romae 1608.
Porta G. della, Io. Bapt. Portae Neapolitani Pneumaticorum libri tres. Quibus accesserunt curuilineorum elementorum libri duo, Neapoli 1601.
Porta G. della., Magiae naturalis libri XX in quibus scientiarum naturalium divitiae et deliciae demonstrantur, Neapoli 1589.
Porta G. della., Magiae naturalis sive de miraculis rerum naturalium libri IIII, Neapoli 1558.
Ramelli A., Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli, Parigi 1588.
Scharschmdt W., Breslauischer Wasser-Garten/Darinnen zu befinden Lustige und Zeitvertreibende Wasser-Spiele […], Breslau 1699.
Scholz L., Catalogus arborum, fruticum et plantarum, tam indigenarum quam exoticarum, horti medici Laurentii Scholzii medici Vratisl., Vratislaviae 1594.
Scholz L., Leges hortenses, [in:] In Laurentii Scholzii Medici Wratisl. Hortum Epigrammata Amicorum, Vratislaviae 1594.
Spence J., Polymetis or, An Enquiry Concerning the Agreement Between the Works of the Roman Poets, and the Remains of the Antient Artists, London 1747.
Vieri F. de’, Discorsi delle Meravigliose Opere di Pratolino, et d’Amore, Firenze 1587.
Arago F., Notice historique sur les machines a vapeur, “Annuarie du bureau des longitudes” 1828, p. 234–236.
Baillet du Belloy A.N., Notice historique sur les machines à vapeur, machines dont les Français peuvent être regardés comme premiers inventeurs, “Journal des mines” 1813, vol. 33, no. 197, p. 321–326.
Balathier-Bragelonne A. de, Les mystères des prisons, Paris 1858.
Bradburne J.M., Local Heroes – Memory in Action in the Late Renaissance Garden, “Nordisk Museologi” 2008, vol. 1–2, p. 74–96, DOI 10.5617/nm.3230.
Brett G., The Automata in the Byzantine ‘Throne of Solomon’, “Speculum” 1954, vol. 29, p. 477–487, DOI 10.2307/2846790.
Brzezowski W., Der Breslauische Wassergarten von Wolfgang Scharschmidt, “Zandera” 2009, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 1–10.
Brzezowski W., Czy tylko zimny popiół? barokowa rezydencja przy ulicy Wierzbowej 30 we Wrocławiu i jej otoczenie, [in:] Nie tylko zamki. Studia podarowane profesorowi Jerzemu Rozpędowskiemu, ed. by M. Chorowska et al., Wrocław 2005, p. 353–367.
Chromik-Krzykawka A., Czystość linii. Higiena a renesansowy ogród, [in:] Przestrzeń ogrodu – przestrzeń kultury, ed. by G. Gazda, M. Gołąb, Kraków 2008.
Drachmann A.G., The Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity: A Study of the Literary Sources, London 1963.
Eysymontt K., Ogród Laurentiusa Scholza we Wrocławiu i jego europejskie parantele, “Biuletyn Historii Sztuki” 1989, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 3–12.
Fleischer M., Späthumanismus in Schlesien: Ausgewählte Aufsixtze, München 1984.
Goliński M., XV-wieczny opis wrocławskiej sieci wodociągowej, [in:] Studia i materiały z dziejów Śląska i Małopolski, ed. by R. Żerlik, Wrocław 2001, p. 105–123.
Jagiełło M., Brzezowski W., Ogrody na Śląsku, vol. 1, Od średniowiecza do XVII w., Wrocław 2014.
Jagiełło M., Ogrody epoki renesansu i manieryzmu, [in:] Ogrody na Śląsku, vol. 1, Od średniowiecza do XVII w., ed by. M. Jagiełło, W. Brzezowski, Wrocław 2014, p. 81–170.
Jakóbczyk-Gola A., Gabinety i ogrody, Warszawa 2019.
Joly A., Salomon De Caus à Bicêtre! Monologue dramatique en 1 acte et en vers, Paris 1849.
Kaiser S., Valleriani M., The Organ of the Villa d’Este in Tivoli and the Standards of Pneumatic Engineering in the Renaissance, [in:] Gardens, Knowledge and the Sciences in the Early Modern Period, ed. by H. Fischer, V. Remmert, J. Wolschke-Bulmahn, Basel 2016, p. 77–102, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-26342-7_5.
Kastek T., Mruczek R., Dawny pałac Oppersdorfów przy ul. Wierzbowej nr 30 na Starym Mieście we Wrocławiu: badania architektoniczne, “Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne” 2013, vol. 55, p. 345–366.
Keller A., Pneumatics, Automata and the Vacuum in the Work of Giambattista Aleotti, “The British Journal for the History of Science” 1967, vol. 3, p. 338–347, DOI 10.1017/s0007087400002909.
Kenda B., On the Renaissance Art of Well-Being: Pneuma in Villa Eolia, “RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics” 1998, no. 34, p. 101–117, DOI 10.1086/resv34n1ms20140409.
Laird W.R., Hero of Alexandria and Renaissance Mechanics, [in:] Mathematical Practitioners and the Transformation of Natural Knowledge in Early Modern Europe, ed. by L. Cormack, S.A. Walton, J. Schuster, Cham 2017, p. 149–165, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49430-2_8.
Lauterbach Ch., Der erzählte Garten des Laurentius Scholz: Bürgerliche Gartenkultur des Späthumanismus in Breslau, Worms 2018.
Metzger W., ‘Wasser-Kunst’ und ‘Krottenwerk’ – De Caus’ Hortus Palatinus im 17. Jahrhundert, [in:] Magische Maschinen. Salomon de Caus’ Erfindungen für den Heidelberger Schlossgarten 1614–1619, ed. by F. Hepp et al., Neustadt a.d. Weinstraße 2008, p. 65–74.
Morgan L., Nature as Model: Salomon de Caus and Early Seventeenth-Century Landscape Design, Philadelphia 2007.
Munch A., Salomon de Caus. Dramatisk Digtning, Christiania 1854.
Nouvelle Biographie Générale, ed. J.-Ch.-F. Hoefer, Paris 1852–1854.
Oszczanowski P., Wrocławski ogród Laurentiusa Scholza St. (1552–1599) – sceneria spotkań elity intelektualnej końca XVII wieku, [in:] Śląska Republika Uczonych, ed. by M. Hałub, A. Mańko-Matysiak, Wrocław 2004, p. 98–145.
Piekalski J., Elementy infrastruktury średniowiecznego Wrocławia, “Wratislavia antiqua. Wrocław na przełomie średniowiecza i czasów nowożytnych” 2004, no. 6, p. 9–24.
Rinne K., Garden Hydraulics in Pre-Sistine Rome: Theory and Practice, [in:] Technology and the Garden, ed. by M. Lee, K.I. Helphand, Washington 2014, p. 111–128.
Ryskin J., Machines in the Garden, [in:] Renaissance Futurities: Science, Art, Invention, ed. by Ch. Villaseñor Black, M.-T. Álvarez, Oakland 2019, p. 16–43.
Saito F., Knowing and Doing in the Sixteenth-Century Natural Magic: Giambattista della Porta and the Wonders of Nature, “Circumscribere” 2014, vol. 14, p. 7–39.
Schweizer S., Salomon de Caus. Die Einheit von Kunst. Wissenschaft und Technik in der Höfischen Gesellschaft um 1600, [in:] Wunder und Wissenschaft. Salomon de Caus und die Automatenkunst in Gärten um 1600. Katalogbuch zur Ausstellung im Museum für Europäische Gartenkunst der Stifung Schloss und Park Benrath 17. August bis 5. Oktober 2008, ed. by G. Uerscheln, Düsseldorf 2008, p. 11–28.
Stankiewicz A., Łaźnia i ogród w rezydencji Zygmunta Gonzagi margrabiego Myszkowskiego w Pińczowie, “Modus. Prace z historii sztuki” 2015, vol. 15, p. 161–186.
Steadman Ph., Renaissance Fun: The Machines Behind the Scenes, London 2021, DOI 10.2307/j.ctv18msqmt.
Szafrańska M., Ogród jako kolekcja. XVI-wieczna geneza idei, “Kronika Zamkowa” 2009, vol. 1–2 (57–58), p. 65–99.
Tchikine A., ‘L’anima del giardino.’ Waters, Gardens, and Hydraulics in Sixteenth-Century Florence and Naples, [in:] Technology and the Garden, ed. by M.G. Lee, K.I. Helphand, Washington 2014, p. 129–153.
Thurston R., A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine, New York 1878.
Valleriani M., Ancient Pneumatics Transformed during the Early Modern Period, “Nuncius” 2014, vol. 29, no. 1, p. 127–173, DOI 10.1163/18253911-02901005.
Valleriani M., Galileo Engineer, Dordrecht 2010.
Valleriani M., The Garden of Pratolino: Ancient Technology Breaks Through the Barriers of Modern Iconology, [in:] Ludi naturae. Spiele der Natur in Kunst und Wissenschaft, ed. by N. Adamowsky et al., Paderborn 2010, p. 121–142, DOI 10.30965/9783846748763_007.
Valleriani M., From Condensation to Compression. How Renaissance Italian Engineers Approached Hero’s Pneumatics, [in:] Transformationen der Antike, ed. by H. Böhme et al., vol. 1, Berlin, New York 2007, p. 333–353.
Woodcroft B., The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, London 1851.
Informacje: Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, 2024, Tom 69, Numer 3, s. 41 - 67
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Wrocławska
Polska
Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Wrocławska
Polska
Publikacja: 02.10.2024
Otrzymano: 11.07.2023
Zaakceptowano: 07.12.2023
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
AngielskiLiczba wyświetleń: 120
Liczba pobrań: 52