This article deals with the issue of creating memes in public urban spaces. The definition of the concept of the point of meaning, the object-symbol, the meme in architecture, their purpose and functions, and the process of their formation is described with the addition of illustrative materials. The article shows the approach of organising temporary public spaces with the help of symbolic objects for the revival of surrounding streets and public spaces, promoting pedestrian movement; this, in turn, can accelerate business activity and attract attention to outdoor life in the surroundings. Theoretical conclusions as well as a proposed project for a meme in the Gran San Blas area, Madrid, Spain to make economically sound changes and saturate the park to turn the neutral existing space into a more welcoming area. 

This article deals with the issue of the significance of architectural monuments in the urban environment. It defines the criteria that single out the most significant objects with regard to urban planning and architectural aspects, where the specialists of the Ukrrestavratsiia (Ukrainian restoration) Corporation worked. The experience of the restoration of architectural monuments is analysed. 

The promised land no longer resembles Makka; instead of eternal life, it offers modest temporal life but without war and hunger. The article will present two camps: La Liniere and Jungla Calais, their interesting urban features, the processes that took place in them, and which give an architectural lesson. I will also make a short EU settlement of the promises of a dignified life regarding the asylum seekers concerned. 

This article deals with the experience of designing transport and communication centres as part of the international transport system. It defines the functional specifics of transport hubs and their efficacy in addressing transport issues in Ukraine.

The main aspects of functional planning as well as visual and visual space in the theaters of the young spectator (TYUZ) were considered. The most important elements are those aimed at achieving the greatest interactivity with children. The paper presents the criteria required to create a scene that provides a wide range of production possibilities. In this respect, Russian and foreign theaters for young audiences, such as the Moscow Art Theater (Moscow, Russia) and the Young Audience Theater, are considered to be the most interesting and iconic. Yu.P. Kiseleva (Saratov, Russia), Theater der Jugend (Vienna, Austria). Teatr Młodego Widza in Kołomno is an example of the organization of space suitable for transformation on the stage (co-author of the draft of the article). 

At present, the construction of a new type of real estate – apartments – is widespread in Moscow. The growing number of construction sites is associated with the economic and social processes that occur in the country. Developers and potential buyers of real estate should know some of the current legal regulations, design standards, demand statistics, offers and prospective locations for a given type of property. This can guarantee the beneficial allocation of investors’ capital in the construction and purchase of apartment buildings. 

This dissertation argues that under the influence of external factors, climatic conditions, pre-Islamic architecture, local architectural and construction traditions, a peculiar regional Iranian school of Muslim architecture was formed and evolved. The relationship between the historical periods of Iran’s development and the architectural periods of the construction of mosques is determined, and three major periods of the construction of mosques are described. 

Las Wolski constitutes the biggest green enclave in Cracow and belongs to the group of municipal forests. Historically, it is divided into two sections: Las Wolski and Bielany. In 1917, the first section, an area of 335.13 ha, was sold to the Municipal Savings Bank of Cracow; it was later gifted to the city. From that moment, Las Wolski adopted another name: Park Ludowy (The People’s Park) and its primary function became recreational.

Culturally created places represent a response to society’s spiritual needs. The history of the commemoration of Fryderyk Chopin on the site of his birth dates back to the nineteenth century and the times of the Partitions of Poland. It was only realised in full, however, during the 1930s, when the Chopin annexe, rebuilt in the Polish national style, was made the key element in the design of a modernist-style park. The memorial park dedicated to Chopin was given the features of a symbolic space. The birthplace of Fryderyk Chopin and the park in Żelazowa Wola is a place of aesthetic and emotional experience, where visits made by admirers of the composer’s output are crowned by the performance of live music.

Renovation is performed on old buildings and urban areas which fail to meet modern aesthetic, social, economic, energy and environmental requirements in order to bring them to new highquality level. The result of such works is a new high-quality, multi-functional urban environment, for both permanent residents and visitors, which has economically profitable energy-efficient buildings. This article presents different approaches to the renovation of urban buildings. An example of the renovation of a residential quarter without the demolition of buildings and without resettlement of the inhabitants is discussed in detail. The sequence of the stages of such a renovation is defined, an analysis of each stage is performed and the project payback is presented. 

The article presents research on the process of expanding urban areas, and principles of urban development and their scope. The article describes the typology of modern micro settlements, reveals spaces and phenomena of urbanization against new morphotypes. It determines the relationship between the size of the city and the quality of life in the city. 

Globalization trends have stimulated the emergence of protest phenomena aimed at expressing personality. It should be noted that in most cases, the main expressions of the idea were informal – there were the same phenomena as street art (it could be Street Art) in the poorer districts of America, and now there are several types of informal art that are seen by a large number of people. Besides this art, which grew out of informal trends, has become today in advertising on the fronts of buildings, exhibitions in galleries, and printing on clothing. 

“This is where I want to live. Krakow 2030” – such is the title of the new City Development Strategy adopted on the 7th February 2018; the title is to underscore the highly pluralistic character of the new strategy. Nearly simultaneously (on the 24th January 2018) the Krakow City Council had reached a decision concerning its participation in the drawing up of the other key documents relating to the planning policy of the metropolis, namely: the new Study of the conditionings and directions in spatial planning. The latter initiative, which precedes the implementation of the resolutions of the Urban Building Code, undertaken in the election year (of both city councilors and city mayor), may arouse numerous controversies. What image of the Krakow metropolis will ultimately emerge?