The main purpose of this work is to test the process of harmonization of the national data schema of natural protected areas in the Natura2000 system in accordance with the European Protected Sites data framework developed under the INSPIRE directive. The analysis of the harmonization process was carried out using the open source Humboldt Alignment Editor (HALA) software and the open source QGIS application. As a result of the analysis, these elements of the Natura2000 data schema have been identifi ed which need to be supplemented as part of the shared data sets by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection. The final stage of the work was to formulate relevent conclusions and summarize the work.

Within the borders of the city of Cracow there are several water bodies that are important and valuable in ecological, aesthetic (landscape), economic and recreational aspect. One of them is the Bagry Reservoir, called Bagry Wielkie, situated in Płaszów, in the neighbourhood of the zone designed for industry, warehouses, transport (railway no. 91) and residential areas. Over the whole period of its existence and use, the water body was subdued to frequent geometric changes. Transformations resulted mainly from the demand of the neighbouring brickyards for clay, gravel and sand exploited for the needs of the development in the area of Płaszów, especially during Nazi occupation and the stage of the fi rst phase of the industrialization of socialist Poland (1950–1970). The end of exploitation in 1972 and leaving the excavation without carrying out the process of remediation measures caused the return of ground waters to the state of hydro-geological (spontaneous liquidation of the depression funnel). The change in the level of the water table and a very complicated shoreline, typical in this type of post-exploitation water bodies, often cause the separation of the peripheral fragments of the water body from its main part. This limits the possibility of applying popular bathymetric sets, i.e. echo-sonars fixed on manned boats, carrying out the process of acoustic probing in water areas. In 1999, the small water body located in the south-west part of the study area, was still an integral part of the Bagry. Nowadays it is separated from the main body with a narrow piece of land. Thus the supplementation of hydrographical documentation required the application of automatic measurement tools. The article presents the results of the application of hydro-drone Smart-Sonar-Boat in making a bathymetric map of this poorly accessible fragment of Bagry, making contribution to the cartographic documentation made by R. Gawałkiewicz (Gawałkiewicz R., 2017).

Geomorphological and ecological examination of waterbodies facilitates effi cient action aimed at their correct management and attributing proper functions to them or their parts. For years there have been many concepts of the management of numerous post-mining water bodies in Cracow, within the Local Site Development Plan (Miejscowy Plan  Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego). Within the borders of the city of Cracow there are several water bodies important and valuable in environmental, landscape, economic and recreational aspect. One of them is the Bagry Reservoir called Bagry Wielkie (the Great Bagry). Nowadays it consists of two parts separated with a dike: the bigger of the area 30.03 ha, fulfi lling the function of sports and recreation as well as economic function (Special Fishery „Wspólnota”, managed by the Regional Board of the Polish Angling Association – Zarząd Okręgowego Polskiego Związku Wędkarskiego Z.O. PZW Kraków/Cracow) and the smaller one – 0.57 ha, for many years being a breeding site of several protected species of birds and fi sh. The knowledge of the geometry of the water basin, characteristics of the bottom (type of the surface, mud) and location of water vegetation, makes base and component of reliable assessment of the state of water environment as well as making proper decisions in the area of the protection of natural resources or revitalization of the water body. This article presents the possibilities of measurement system Lowrence Mark-4, which, apart from hydrographical data, due to specialist algorithm of the interpretation of the return signal, provides numerical information on the hardness of the bottom and the thickness of the vegetation mass on its surface. Measurements made with the application of remote-controlled Smart-Sonar-Boat equipped with sonar Lowrence Mark-4 and GPS R8s Trimble provided important data giving basis to initial assessment of the condition and natural value of this diffi cult-to-access part of Bagry Reservoir.

Geodetic surveys are used in an inventory of a lot of industries, including documentary of historic objects. One of the hardest historic objects that need to be inventoried are underground ones. Observations of rock mass movements and their consequences are very crucial issues, especially in the aspect of protection of historical objects, therefore it is needed to implement special methods (especially non-invasive) and specialist protection. In Poland there are few underground UNESCO mines and a lot of other objects of historical importance, for example built by Nazi Germans. Authors describe the following measurement methods: tacheometric surveys, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS),  leveling and as supporting methods: Airplane Laser Scanning (and its product: LIDAR), Global Positioning System and satellite images or geophysics methods.
There were inventory surveys conducted in Project Riese (German form – Giant) in Góry Sowie, Central Sudetes (Poland), is the biggest mining and building project of Second World War Germany. Until today, due to the lack of documentation, the purpose of these construction is uncertain. There are only hypothesis rather than facts. Currently, six underground complexes– Osówka, Włodarz, Soboń, Rzeczka, Jugowice, Gontowa, Książ Castle are discovered in the area of Góry Sowie. There are some speculations that all complexes were supposed to be combined. Some of the researchers of Góry Sowie secrets claim that kilometers of tunnels are still able to be discovered in the future. During the inventory the combination of classical measurements technologies and modern surveys methods were used – terrestrial laser scanner, tacheometry and GNSS measurements. Authors used collected data to analyze geometrical relations between objects Complex underground and ground of Osówka. This allowed to verify location of objects in relations to each other which was not previously presented in research. Many sections and profiles of excavations, sketches and maps were made.

The series of articles contains a comparison of the possibilities of using data from three sources for mapping people, with different spatial, thematic and time accuracy. These are data from Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Urban Atlas (UA) projects and the result of object classification (OBIA) of RapidEye data. The information on the existence of building zone included on the land use and land cover maps (LULC) constituted a limiting variable in the dasymetric method of population mapping. Categories related to building types allowed for the introduction of variable relationships, diversifying population density. These treatments enabled multi-variant development of maps of spatial population occurrence at a higher level than the original census units.
The experiment was carried out in the area of Krakow. Statistical data from 141 urban units (u.u.) of the city were used.  Generation of population maps was carried out in several variants. Divisions of buildings were made depending on its characteristicsand functions. The results of population conversion were analyzed on Central Statistical Office (hereafter referred as CSO, in Polish: GUS) data in a kilometer grid and on a specially prepared map of the population including a part of Krakow. The applied double verification allowed to rank the obtained population maps and provide border spatial accuracy of their cellular representation.
The first part of the cycle presents the state of knowledge about population mapping and population conversion using the dasymetric method. The area of research is described. Spatial and statistical data used in the research were characterized. Works related to population conversion based on CLC and UA were presented. Six maps of the population distribution of Krakow were obtained. A multi-variant process of recalculating and setting weights for various types of buildings is described by providing for urban units the values of RMSE and MAPE. Population using the surface-weight method based on UA data was considered the best (MAPE 66%, RMSE 3442 people/u.u.). On CLC data, these errors were: MAPE 168%, RMSE 5690 people/u.u.
In the subsequent parts of the cycle, the population conversion will be presented using object-oriented classification. The methodology for the verification of results will be described based on a photointepretation map of the population and the GUS perimeter grid. A discussion will be conducted related to the use of RMSE and MAPE measures. The ranking of methods and recommendations improving the results of population redistribution based on CLC, UA and OBIA will be given.

The series of articles contains a comparison of the use of information on building zones from three sources for dasymetric population mapping: from the Corine Land Cover project (CLC), from the Urban Atlas project (UA) and from the object classification (OBIA) of the RapidEye data. These sources are characterized by varying spatial and thematic accuracy as well as a diff erent methodology of building separation. The experiment was carried out in the area of Kraków, using statistical data from 141 urban units (u.u.) of the city.
In the first part of the cycle, population conversions were presented based on the Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Urban Atlas (UA) databases. The second part presents the methodology of mapping construction zones, divided into several categories, by means of object classification (OBIA). The classifications were carried out on four RapidEye satellite images. The developed map is the basis for the population calculation in three variants: binary method, and two surface-weight aggregation methods, where the proportions of population density for diff erent building categories are calculated by minimizing square error (RMSE) and percentage (MAPE) in census units. The obtained results of the population distribution indicate the need to determine the function of development. Therefore, in addition, experiments were carried out combining OBIA results with the LULC map of the UA project. From the experiments it appears that from the tested six variants of population mapping the best is the surface-weight method based on OBIA+UA (RMSE = 4,270 people/u.u., MAPE = 75%.). Binary method based on OBIA+UA results at RMSE = 4540 people/u.u., MAPE = 108%. Results with the use of OBIA, without correction of building functions with UA, are incorrect (RMSE: 5958–7987 people/u.u., MAPE: 2262%–6612 %).
In the subsequent parts of the publication cycle, the results obtained so far will be compared: three CLC-based maps, three UA-based maps, six maps based on OBIA / OBIA+UA. To verify the population map, a detailed reference map of the Bronowice district will be used as well as a 1-kilometer GUS grid. A discussion will be conducted related to the use of RMSE and MAPE parameters in the process of results optimization. A ranking of methods and recommendations will be developed to improve the results of population conversion based on CLC, UA and OBIA.

These days there is a variety of software on the market that enables spatial analysis. Spatial data has been becoming increasingly large. More and more, the analyses are done repetitively at a mass-scale and consist of many distinct transformations. Thus, the time of single one proves to be essential. The aim of the research is to compare the execution time of the selected transformations between two geographical information system programs: ArcGIS Desktop 10.5.1 vs. QGIS 2.18.20 ‚Las Palmas’. Buffer, convex hull and intersection were selected as transformations. The measurements were carried out on a specially prepared representative dataset for GIS vector analyses. At the data exploration stage, the influence of size, geometry type, no. of vertices/objects of the input data and the characteristics of the output data on the measured time were examined. In addition, computational complexity was investigated for the point layers. The results of the experiment can be taken into account when selecting the program that will be the most suitable for a particular GIS user.