Słowa kluczowe: cooperation, mobility, sedentarization, Mongolia, self-organization, business, the Torghuts, Nogai Steppe, Dagestan, land, transhumance, desertification, migration, urbanization, Nogais, China, Mongolia, post-nomadism, urbanisation, national minorities, local communities, Inner Asia, education, gentrification, post-soviet transition, urban development, political culture, elites, heritage, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia, care, ethics, female breadwinners, interiority and exteriority, urban living, rural-urban migration, state, economy, home, pensions, “private housing sector”, communities, reciprocity, marginality, urbanism, suburbanism, USSR, Russian Federation, symbolic order, tradition, ideology, culture, identity, cultural landscape, Kizhinga, Buryatia, capital, power, genealogy, Inner Asia, Socialistic brotherhood, symbol, memorials, Huns, placemaking, public past, urban shamanism, urban anthropology, post-socialism, Inner Asia, Ulaanbaatar, Ulan-Ude, Mongolia, Siberia, Buryatia, ethnic revival, urban culture, modern music, nomadism, nomad