Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts: Current Developments in Germany
cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEDealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts: Current Developments in Germany
Data publikacji: 12.2022
Santander Art and Culture Law Review, 2022, 2/2022 (8), s. 371 - 382
https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050XSNR.22.024.17037Autorzy
Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts: Current Developments in Germany
The debate on the return and restitution of cultural property is by no means a new one. In recent years, however, the debate – stimulated by French President Emmanuel Macron’s speech in 2017 – extended to include the question of how to deal with collections from colonial contexts. Whereas international law provides a legal framework for how to deal with war-time looting (the 1954 Hague Convention) and the present-day trafficking in cultural property (the 1970 UNESCO Convention), no such legal regime exists for cultural objects removed during colonial times. Nevertheless, as this article illustrates – with a focus on recent examples in Germany – current developments indicate a movement towards new political and ethical schemes on how to deal with collections from colonial contexts and, in a broader sense, how to come to terms with the colonial past. In Germany, this includes the return of cultural objects and human remains to Namibia as well as the transfer of ownership of all Benin Bronzes held by German institutions to Nigeria.
Ables K., Smithsonian Gives Back 29 Benin Bronzes to Nigeria: “We Are Not Owners”, “The Washington Post”, 11 October 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2022/10/11/smithsonian-benin-bronzes-nigeria/ [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Baden-Württemberg, Witbooi-Bibel und Peitsche an Namibia übergeben, 28 February 2019, https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/witbooi-bibel-und-peitsche-an-namibia-uebergeben/ [accessed: 12.11.2022].321
Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts: Current Developments in Germany
Benin Bronze: “Looted” Nigerian Sculpture Returned by University, “BBC”, 28 October 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-59063449 [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Coalition agreement of the political parties CDU/CSU and SPD, 12 March 2018, https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/koalitionsvertrag-zwischen-cdu-csu-und-spd-195906 [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Concept on the Establishment and Organisation of a German Contact Point for Collections from Colonial Contexts, 16 October 2019, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/2262748/5450242f5fdd6b343b32919aab9c11a6/191016-kol-kulturgueter-pdf-en-data.pdf [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 14 May 1954, 249 UNTS 240.
Federal Foreign Office, Foreign Minister Maas on the Conclusion of Negotiations with Namibia, 28 May 2021, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/-/2463598 [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Framework Principles for Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts, 13 March 2019, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/2210152/b2731f8b59210c77c68177cdcd3d03de/190412-stm-m-sammlungsgut-kolonial-kontext-en-data.pdf [accessed: 12.11.2022].
German Museums Association, Guidelines for German Museums: Care of Collections from Colonial Contexts, 3rd ed., 2021, https://www.museumsbund.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/mb-leitfaden-en-web.pdf [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Grütters M., Müntefering M., Eine Lücke in unserem Gedächtnis, “Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung”, 15 December 2018, https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/service/archiv/alt-inhalte/eine-luecke-in-unserem-gedaechtnis-1561942 [accessed: 12.11.2022].
ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, 2017, https://icom.museum/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/COM-code-En-web.pdf [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Joint Declaration on the Return of Benin Bronzes and Bilateral Museum Cooperation Between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1 July 2022, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/2540404/8a42afe8f5d79683391f8188ee9ee016/220701-benin-bronzen-polerkl-data.pdf [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Khomami N., Cambridge College to be First in UK to Return Looted Benin Bronze, “The Guardian”, 15 October 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/15/cambridge-college-to-be-first-uk-return-looted-benin-bronze [accessed: 12.11.2022].
M’Bow A.-M., A Plea for the Restitution of an Irreplaceable Cultural Heritage to Those Who Created It, 1978, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000034683 [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Peters R., Nationalism versus Internationalism: New Perspectives Beyond State Sovereignty and Territoriality in the Protection of Cultural Heritage, in: A. Carstens, E. Varner (eds.), Intersections in International Cultural Heritage Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2020.
Présidence de la République, Emmanuel Macron’s Speech at the University of Ouagadougou, 28 November 2017, https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2017/11/28/emmanuel-macrons-speech-at-the-university-of-ouagadougou [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Rogers T., Humboldt Forum in Berlin Finally Opens (Kind of), “The New York Times”, 17 December 2020.
Spero J., Adeoye A., The Benin Bronzes and the Road to Restitution, “Financial Times”, 4 November 2022.
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum: Restitutions to Namibia and Tanzania, 29 June 2022, https://www.smb.museum/en/whats-new/detail/ethnologisches-museum-restitutions-to-namibia-and-tanzania/ [accessed: 12.11.2022].
UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 14 November 1970, 823 UNTS 231.
Washington Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art, 3 December 1998, https://www.kulturgutverluste.de/Webs/EN/Foundation/Basic-principles/Washington-Principles/Index.html [accessed: 12.11.2022].
Informacje: Santander Art and Culture Law Review, 2022, 2/2022 (8), s. 371 - 382
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts: Current Developments in Germany
Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts: Current Developments in Germany
Publikacja: 12.2022
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC BY
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
AngielskiLiczba wyświetleń: 1188
Liczba pobrań: 702