cytuj
pobierz pliki
RIS BIB ENDNOTEWybierz format
RIS BIB ENDNOTEData publikacji: 26.03.2024
Problems of Forensic Sciences (Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych), 2023, 135, s. 239 - 254
https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483PFS.23.014.19430Autorzy
Electronic cigarettes are devices that produce an aerosol by heating e-liquid. Their history can be traced back to the 20th century but their popularity exponentially increased in the 21st century. Multiple generations and types of e-cigarettes are available on the market with an astounding choice of e-liquids. They gained popularity in almost all countries and among all age groups. The regulation concerning them varies drastically across the world. The health impact is still not fully understood. Although e-cigarettes contain less toxic substances compared to regular cigarettes their use is still not harmless. Some studies suggest a correlation between e-cigarettes and cardiovascular diseases and a potential cancer risk. However, the most noticeable is the effect on the respiratory system. There have been reported cases of fatal respiratory failure caused by e-cigarette use. There has been an increased interest in using e-cigarettes for recreational drug use, notably cannabinoids. E-liquids have been used in suicide attempts. They are usually ingested causing potentially lethal poisoning. Furthermore, lung biopsy and extensive medical history analysis should be the cornerstone of forensic examination of deaths involving e-cigarettes.
1. Alzoubi, K. H., Batran, R. M., Al-Sawalha, N. A., Khabour, O. F., Karaoghlanian, N., Shihadeh, A., Eissenberg, T. (2021). The effect of electronic cigarettes exposure on learning and memory functions: behavioral and molecular analysis. Inhalation Toxicology, 33(6–8), 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2021.1954732
2. Andresen, N. S., Lee, D. J., Kowalski, C. E., Bayon, R. (2018). Fall with e-cigarette in mouth resulting in pharyngeal and esophageal burns. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 144(4), 385. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2017.3265
3. Bartschat, S., Mercer-Chalmers-Bender, K., Beike, J., Rothschild, M. A., Jübner, M. (2015). Not only smoking is deadly: fatal ingestion of e-juice –a case report. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 129(3), 481–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-014-1086-x
4. Becam, J., Martin, E., Pouradier, G., Doudka, N., Solas, C., Guilhaumou, R., Fabresse, N. (2023). Transdermal nicotine poisoning: a rare case report of occupational exposure. Toxics, 11(5), 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050464
5. Benowitz, N. L. (2009). Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 49(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742
6. Benowitz, N. L., Fraiman, J. B. (2017). Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 14(8), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2017.36
7. Bhalerao, A., Sivandzade, F., Archie, S. R., Cucullo, L. (2019). Public health policies on e-cigarettes. Current Cardiology Reports, 21(10), 111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-019-1204-y
8. Blagev, D. P., Lanspa, M. J. (2020). Autopsy insights from the EVALI epidemic. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(12), 1165–1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30327-1
9. Blount, B. C., Karwowski, M. P., Morel-Espinosa, M., Rees, J., Sosnoff, C., Cowan, E., Gardner, M., Wang, L., Valentin-Blasini, L., Silva, L. (2019). Evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury –10 states, August –October 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(45), 1040.
10. Blount, B. C., Karwowski, M. P., Shields, P. G., Morel-Espinosa, M., Valentin-Blasini, L., Gardner, M., Braselton, M., Brosius, C. R., Caron, K. T., Chambers, D., Corstvet, J., Cowan, E., De Jesús, V. R., Espinosa, P., Fernandez, C., Holder, C., Kuklenyik, Z., Kusovschi, J. D., Newman, C., …Pirkle, J. L. (Lung Injury Response Laboratory Working Group) (2020). Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 697–705. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
11. Bohr, S., Almarzouqi, F., Pallua, N. (2016). Extensive burn injury caused by fundamental electronic cigarette design flaw. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters, 29(3), 231–233.
12. Boland, J. M., Aesif, S. W. (2019). Vaping-associated lung injury. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, aqz191. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz191
13. Bracken-Clarke, D., Kapoor, D., Baird, A. M., Buchanan, P. J., Gately, K., Cuffe, S., Finn, S. P. (2021). Vaping and lung cancer –a review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer, 153, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030
14. Brown, D., Ramlochansingh, C., Manaye, K. F., Tizabi, Y . (2013). Nicotine promotes survival of cells expressing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin: Implication for Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience Letters, 535, 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.046
15. Butt, Y. M., Smith, M. L., Tazelaar, H. D., Vaszar, L. T., Swanson, K. L., Cecchini, M. J., Boland, J. M., Bois, M. C., Boyum, J. H., Froemming, A. T., Khoor, A., Mira-Avendano, I., Patel, A., Larsen, B. T. (2019). Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(18), 1780–1781. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1913069
16. Cervellin, G., Luci, M., Bellini, C., Lippi, G. (2013). Bad news about an old poison. A case of nicotine poisoning due to both ingestion and injection of the content of an electronic cigarette refill. Emergency Care Journal, 9(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2013.e18
17. Chen, B. C., Bright, S. B., Trivedi, A. R., Valento, M. (2015). Death following intentional ingestion of e-liquid. Clinical Toxicology, 53(9), 914–916. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1090579
18. Crotty Alexander, L. E., Ware, L. B., Calfee, C. S., Callahan, S. J., Eissenberg, T., Farver, C., Goniewicz, M. L., Jaspers, I., Kheradmand, F., King, T. E., Meyer, N. J., Mikheev, V. B., Shields, P. G., Shihadeh, A., Strongin, R., Tarran, R. (2020). E-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury: developing a research agenda. An NIH Workshop Report. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 202(6), 795–802. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201912-2332WS
19. Czogała, J., Cholewiński, M., Kutek, A., Zielińska-Danch, W. (2012). Ocena zmian wybranych parametrów hemodynamicznych po użyciu elektronicznych inhalatorów nikotyny wśród regularnych palaczy papierosów. Przeglad Lekarski, 69(10), 841–845.
20. Dekhou, A., Oska, N., Partiali, B., Johnson, J., Chung, M. T., Folbe, A. (2021). E-cigarette burns and explosions: what are the patterns of oromaxillofacial injury? Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 79(8), 1723–1730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2021.03.008
21. Dineley, K. T., Pandya, A. A., Yakel, J. L. (2015). Nicotinic ACh receptors as therapeutic targets in CNS disorders. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 36(2), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2014.12.002
22. Dockrell, M., Morrison, R., Bauld, L., McNeill, A. (2013). E-Cigarettes: prevalence and attitudes in Great Britain. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(10), 1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt057
23. Fadus, M. C., Smith, T. T., Squeglia, L. M. (2019). The rise of e-cigarettes, pod mod devices, and JUUL among youth: Factors influencing use, health implications, and downstream effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 201, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.011
24. Filippidis, F. T., Laverty, A. A., Gerovasili, V., Vardavas, C. I. (2017). Two-year trends and predictors of e-cigarette use in 27 European Union member states. Tobacco Control, 26(1), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052771
25. Gholap, V. V., Kosmider, L., Golshahi, L., Halquist, M. S. (2020). Nicotine forms: Why and how do they matter in nicotine delivery from electronic cigarettes? Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 17(12), 1727–1736. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2020.1814736
26. Gibson, C. J., Eshraghi, N., Kemalyan, N. A., Mueller, C. (2019). Electronic cigarette burns: a case series. Trauma, 21(2), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460408617738812
27. Gilbert, H. A. (1965). Smokeless non-tobacco cigarette (Patent US3200819A).
28. Giroud, C., De Cesare, M., Berthet, A., Varlet, V., Concha-Lozano, N., Favrat, B. (2015). E-cigarettes: a review of new trends in cannabis use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 9988–10008. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120809988
29. Goniewicz, M. L., Knysak, J., Gawron, M., Kosmider, L., Sobczak, A., Kurek, J., Prokopowicz, A., Jablonska-Czapla, M., Rosik-Dulewska, C., Havel, C., Jacob, P., Benowitz, N. (2014). Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control, 23(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859
30. Gordon, T., Karey, E., Rebuli, M. E., Escobar, Y.-N. H., Jaspers, I., Chen, L. C. (2022). E-cigarette toxicology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 62(1), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-042921-084202
31. Government of Canada. Summary of results for the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey 2018–19 (2018). https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canadian-student-tobacco-alcohol-drugs-survey/2018-2019-summary.html
32. Hagiya, K., Mizutani, T., Yasuda, S., Kawano, S. (2010). Nicotine poisoning due to intravenous injection of cigarette soakage. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 29(5), 427–429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327109359640
33. Hajek, P., Etter, J.-F., Benowitz, N., Eissenberg, T., McRobbie, H. (2014). Electronic cigarettes: Review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit: Electronic cigarettes: a review. Addiction, 109(11), 1801–1810. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12659
34. Harshman, J., Vojvodic, M., Rogers, A. D. (2018). Burns associated with e-cigarette batteries: a case series and literature review. CJEM, 20(S2), S20–S28. https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.32
35. Hazekamp, A., Ruhaak, R., Zuurman, L., Van Gerven, J., Verpoorte, R. (2006). Evaluation of a vaporizing device (Volcano®) for the pulmonary administration of tetrahydrocannabinol. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 95(6), 1308–1317. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.20574
36. Hon, L. (2006). Flameless electronic atomizing cigarette (Patent US20060196518A1).
37. Hua, M., Talbot, P. (2016). Potential health effects of electronic cigarettes: a systematic review of case reports. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.06.002
38. Hughes, A., Hendrickson, R. G. (2019). An epidemiologic and clinical description of e-cigarette toxicity. Clinical Toxicology, 57(4), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1510503
39. Hurley, L. L., Tizabi, Y. (2013). Neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and depression. Neurotoxicity Research, 23(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-012-9348-1
40. Jiwani, A. Z., Williams, J. F., Rizzo, J. A., Chung, K. K., King, B. T., Cancio, L. C. (2017). Thermal injury patterns associated with electronic cigarettes. International Journal of Burns and Trauma, 7(1), 1–5.
41. Khairudin, M. N., Mohd Zahidin, A. Z., Bastion, M.-L. C. (2016). Front to back ocular injury from a vaping-related explosion. BMJ Case Reports, bcr2016214964. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2016-214964
42. Khan, M. S., Khateeb, F., Akhtar, J., Khan, Z., Lal, A., Kholodovych, V., Hammersley, J. (2018). Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: a case report and review of literature. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 12(3), 1295–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12775
43. Kite, A. C., Le, B. Q., Cumpston, K. L., Hieger, M. A., Feldman, M. J., Pozez, A. L. (2016). Blast injuries caused by vape devices: 2 case reports. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 77(6), 620–622. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000000875
44. Kotoulas, S.-C., Katsaounou, P., Riha, R., Grigoriou, I., Papakosta, D., Spyratos, D., Porpodis, K., Domvri, K., Pataka, A. (2021). Electronic cigarettes and asthma: what do we know so far? Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(8), 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080723
45. Layden, J. E., Ghinai, I., Pray, I., Kimball, A., Layer, M., Tenforde, M. W., Navon, L., Hoots, B., Salvatore, P. P., Elderbrook, M., Haupt, T., Kanne, J., Patel, M. T., Saathoff-Huber, L., King, B. A., Schier, J. G., Mikosz, C. A., Meiman, J. (2020). Pulmonary Illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin –final report. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 903–916. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
46. Lee, H. (2020). Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI. Medical Hypotheses, 144, 110182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110182
47. Li, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Chen, F., Shao, L., Zhang, L. (2022). Association between e-cigarettes and asthma in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 62(6), 953–960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.01.015
48. Lin, S. K., Percifield, C., Hommer, Z., Demijohn, B., Janney, C. A. (2022). Suicidality and psychosis following vaping related lung injury. Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, 6(4), 537–540.
49. Ma, S., Qiu, Z., Yang, Q., Bridges, J. F. P., Chen, J., Shang, C. (2022). Expanding the e-liquid flavor wheel: classification of emerging e-liquid flavors in online vape shops. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113953
50. Maessen, G. C., Wijnhoven, A. M., Neijzen, R. L., Paulus, M. C., Van Heel, D. A. M., Bomers, B. H. A., Boersma, L. E., Konya, B., Van Der Heyden, M. A. G. (2020). Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology. Clinical Toxicology, 58(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1636994
51. Maraqa, T., Mohamed, M. A. T., Salib, M., Morris, S., Mercer, L., Sachwani-Daswani, G. R. (2018). Too hot for your pocket! burns from e-cigarette lithium battery explosions: a case series. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 39(6), 1043–1047. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irx015
52. Marsden, L., Michalicek, Z. D., Christensen, E. D. (2019). More on the pathology of vaping-associated lung injury. New England Journal of Medicine.
53. Martin, E. M., Clapp, P. W., Rebuli, M. E., Pawlak, E. A., Glista-Baker, E., Benowitz, N. L., Fry, R. C., Jaspers, I. (2016). E-cigarette use results in suppression of immune and inflammatory-response genes in nasal epithelial cells similar to cigarette smoke. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 311(1), L135–L144. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00170.2016
54. Matsumoto, S., Traber, M. G., Leonard, S. W., Choi, J., Fang, X., Maishan, M., Wick, K. D., Jones, K. D., Calfee, C. S., Gotts, J. E., Matthay, M. A. (2022). Aerosolized vitamin E acetate causes oxidative injury in mice and in alveolar macrophages. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 322(6), L771–L783. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00482.2021
55. Mayer, B. (2014). How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century. Archives of Toxicology, 88(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-013-1127-0
56. McCauley, L., Markin, C., Hosmer, D. (2012). An unexpected consequence of electronic cigarette use. Chest, 141(4), 1110–1113. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-1334
57. Meernik, C., Williams, F. N., Cairns, B. A., Grant, E. J., Goldstein, A. O. (2016). Burns from e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems. BMJ, i5024. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5024
58. Modi, S., Sangani, R., Alhajhusain, A. (2015). Acute lipoid pneumonia secondary to e-cigarettes use: an unlikely replacement for cigarettes. Chest, 148(4), 382A.
59. Morean, M. E., Kong, G., Camenga, D. R., Cavallo, D. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2015). High school students’ use of electronic cigarettes to vaporize cannabis. Pediatrics, 136(4), 611–616. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1727
60. Mukhopadhyay, S., Mehrad, M., Dammert, P., Arrossi, A. V., Sarda, R., Brenner, D. S., Maldonado, F., Choi, H., Ghobrial, M. (2019). Lung biopsy findings in severe pulmonary illness associated with e-cigarette use (vaping). American Journal of Clinical Pathology, aqz182. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz182
61. Nelin, T. D., Joseph, A. M., Gorr, M. W., Wold, L. E. (2012). Direct and indirect effects of particulate matter on the cardiovascular system. Toxicology Letters, 208(3), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.008
62. Nicoll, K. J., Rose, A. M., Khan, M. A. A., Quaba, O., Lowrie, A. G. (2016). Thigh burns from exploding e-cigarette lithium ion batteries: first case series. Burns, 42(4), e42–e46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.03.027
63. Nutt, D. J., Phillips, L. D., Balfour, D., Curran, H. V., Dockrell, M., Foulds, J., Fagerstrom, K., Letlape, K., Milton, A., Polosa, R., Ramsey, J., Sweanor, D. (2014). Estimating the harms of nicotine-containing products using the MCDA approach. European Addiction Research, 20(5), 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1159/000360220
64. Paley, G. L., Echalier, E., Eck, T. W., Hong, A. R., Farooq, A. V., Gregory, D. G., Lubniewski, A. J. (2016). Corneoscleral laceration and ocular burns caused by electronic cigarette explosions. Cornea, 35(7), 1015–1018. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000000881
65. Patterson, S. B., Beckett, A. R., Lintner, A., Leahey, C., Greer, A., Brevard, S. B., Simmons, J. D., Kahn, S. A. (2017). A novel classification system for injuries after electronic cigarette explosions. Journal of Burn Care
& Research, 38(1), e95–e100. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0000000000000471
66. Peters, A., Dockery, D. W., Muller, J. E., Mittleman, M. A. (2001). Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction. Circulation, 103(23), 2810–2815. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.23.2810
67. Priemer, D. S., Gravenmier, C., Batouli, A., Hooper, J. E. (2020). Overview of pathologic findings of vaping in the context of an autopsy patient with chronic injury. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 144(11),
1408–1413. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0637-RA
68. Puett, R. C., Hart, J. E., Yanosky, J. D., Paciorek, C., Schwartz, J., Suh, H., Speizer, F. E., Laden, F. (2009). Chronic fine and coarse particulate exposure, mortality, and coronary heart disease in the nurses’health study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(11), 1697–1701. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900572
69. Reagan-Steiner, S., Gary, J., Matkovic, E., Ritter, J. M., Shieh, W.-J., Martines, R. B., Werner, A. K., Lynfield, R., Holzbauer, S., Bullock, H., Denison, A. M., Bhatnagar, J., Bollweg, B. C., Patel, M., Evans, M. E., King, B. A., Rose, D. A., Baldwin, G. T., Jones, C. M., …Fields, C. A. (2020). Pathological findings in suspected cases of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI): a case series. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(12), 1219–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30321-0
70. Regan, A. K., Promoff, G., Dube, S. R., Arrazola, R. (2013). Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Adult use and awareness of the ‘e-cigarette’in the USA. Tobacco Control, 22(1), 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050044
71. Rose, A. M., Nicoll, K. J., Quaba, O., Lowrie, A. G. (2016). E-cigarettes –beware of the rocket in your pocket. BMJ, i2712. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2712
72. Rouabhia, M. (2020). Impact of electronic cigarettes on oral health: a review. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 86, k7.
73. Salam, S., Saliba, N. A., Shihadeh, A., Eissenberg, T., El-Hellani, A. (2020). Flavor-toxicant correlation in e-cigarettes: a meta-analysis. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 33(12), 2932–2938. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00247
74. Satteson, E. S., Walker, N. J., Tuohy, C. J., Molnar, J. A. (2018). Extensive hand thermal and blast injury from electronic cigarette explosion: a case report. HAND, 13(3), NP1–NP5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558944717744333
75. Scarpino, M., Bonizzoli, M., Lanzi, C., Lanzo, G., Lazzeri, C., Cianchi, G., Gambassi, F., Lolli, F., Grippo, A. (2020). Brain death following ingestion of e‐cigarette liquid nicotine refill solution. Brain and Behavior, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1744
76. Seitz, C. M. S., Kabir, Z. (2018). Burn injuries caused by e-cigarette explosions: a systematic review of published cases. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 4(September). https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/94664
77. Seo, A. D., Kim, D. C., Yu, H. J., Kang, M. J. (2016). Accidental ingestion of e-cigarette liquid nicotine in a 15-month-old child: an infant mortality case of nicotine intoxication. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 59(12), 490. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2016.59.12.490
78. Shastry, S., Langdorf, M. (2016). Electronic vapor cigarette battery explosion causing shotgun-like superficial wounds and contusion. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(2), 177–180. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2016.1.29410
79. Sommerfeld, K., Łukasik-Głębocka, M., Kulza, M., Drużdż, A., Panieński, P., Florek, E., Zielińska-Psuja, B. (2016). Intravenous and oral suicidal e-liquid poisonings with confirmed nicotine and cotinine concentrations. Forensic Science International, 262, e15–e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.005
80. Soule, E. K., Lee, J. G. L., Egan, K. L., Bode, K. M., Desrosiers, A. C., Guy, M. C., Breland, A., Fagan, P. (2020). “I cannot live without my vape”: electronic cigarette user-identified indicators of vaping dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 209, 107886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107886
81. Striley, C. W., Nutley, S. K., Hoeflich, C. C. (2022). E-cigarettes and non-suicidal self-injury: prevalence of risk behavior and variation by substance inhaled. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 911136. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.911136
82. Sullivan, J., Sheppard, L., Schreuder, A., Ishikawa, N., Siscovick, D., Kaufman, J. (2005). Relation between short-term fine-particulate matter exposure and onset of myocardial infarction. Epidemiology, 16(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000147116.34813.56
83. Szołtysek-Bołdys, I., Sobczak, A., Zielińska-Danch, W., Bartoń, A., Koszowski, B., Kośmider, L. (2014). Zmiana sztywności tętnic w zależności od źródła inhalowanej nikotyny. Przegląd Lekarski, 71(11), 572–575.
84. Tang, M., Wu, X.-R., Lee, H.-W., Xia, Y., Deng, F.-M., Moreira, A. L., Chen, L.-C., Huang, W. C., Lepor, H. (2019). Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(43), 21727–21731. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911321116
85. Tani, T., Horiguchi, Y. (1990). Effects of formaldehyde on cardiac function. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 52(4), 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-5198(19)40016-4
86. Thornton, S. L., Oller, L., Sawyer, T. (2014). Fatal intravenous injection of electronic nicotine delivery system refilling solution. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 10(2), 202–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-014-0380-9
87. Tizabi, Y. (2016). Duality of antidepressants and neuroprotectants. Neurotoxicity Research, 30(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-015-9577-1
88. Treitl, D., Solomon, R., Davare, D. L., Sanchez, R., Kiffin, C. (2017). Full and partial thickness burns from spontaneous combustion of e-cigarette lithium-ion batteries with review of literature. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 53(1), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.03.031
89. Ustawa z dnia 22 lipca 2016 r. O zmianie Ustawy o ochronie zdrowia przed następstwami używania tytoniu i wyrobów tytoniowych, Dz.U. z 2016 r. poz. 1331.
90. Vakkalanka, J. P., Hardison, L. S., Holstege, C. P. (2014). Epidemiological trends in electronic cigarette exposures reported to U.S. poison centers. Clinical Toxicology, 52(5), 542–548. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.913176
91. Van Rafelghem, B., Covaci, A., Anseeuw, K., Van Nuijs, A. L. N., Neels, H., Mahieu, B., Jacobs, W. (2021). Suicide by vaping the synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA: cannabinoid receptors and fluoride at the crossroads of toxicity? Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 17(4), 684–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-021-00424-7
92. Varlet, V. (2016). Drug vaping: from the dangers of misuse to new therapeutic devices. Toxics, 4(4), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4040029
93. Viswam, D., Trotter, S., Burge, P. S., Walters, G. I. (2018). Respiratory failure caused by lipoid pneumonia from vaping e-cigarettes. BMJ Case Reports, bcr-2018-224350. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-224350
94. Vlachopoulos, C., Ioakeimidis, N., Abdelrasoul, M., Terentes-Printzios, D., Georgakopoulos, C., Pietri, P., Stefanadis, C., Tousoulis, D. (2016). Electronic cigarette smoking increases aortic stiffness and blood pressure in young smokers. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67(23), 2802–2803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.569
95. Walsh, K., Sheikh, Z., Johal, K., Khwaja, N. (2016). Rare case of accidental fire and burns caused by e-cigarette batteries. BMJ Case Reports, bcr2015212868. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-212868
96. Wang, T., Lang, G. D., Moreno-Vinasco, L., Huang, Y., Goonewardena, S. N., Peng, Y., Svensson, E. C., Natarajan, V., Lang, R. M., Linares, J. D., Breysse, P. N., Geyh, A. S., Samet, J. M., Lussier, Y. A., Dudley, S., Prabhakar, N. R., Garcia, J. G. N. (2012). Particulate matter induces cardiac arrhythmias via dysregulation of carotid body sensitivity and cardiac sodium channels. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 46(4), 524–531. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2011-0213OC
97. Winnicka, L., Shenoy, M. A. (2020). EVALI and the Pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes: a review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(7), 2130–2135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05813-2
98. Yan, X. S., D’Ruiz, C. (2015). Effects of using electronic cigarettes on nicotine delivery and cardiovascular function in comparison with regular cigarettes. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.11.004
99. You, G., Rhee, J., Park, Y., Park, S. (2016). Determination of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine using LC/MS/MS in forensic samples of a nicotine fatal case by oral ingestion of e-cigarette liquid. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(4), 1149–1154. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13083
100. Youmans, A. J., Harwood, J. (2020). Gross and histopathological findings in the first reported vaping-induced lung injury death in the United States. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 41(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000533
101. Yuan, M., Cross, S. J., Loughlin, S. E., Leslie, F. M. (2015). Nicotine and the adolescent brain. The Journal of Physiology, 593(16), 3397–3412. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270492
102. Zeller, M. (2020). Youth e-cigarette use and the food and drug administration’s multifaceted approach. American Journal of Public Health, 110(6), 772–773. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305680
Informacje: Problems of Forensic Sciences (Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych), 2023, 135, s. 239 - 254
Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Tytuły:
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Sądowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań, Polska
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Sądowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań, Polska
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Sądowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań, Polska
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Sądowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań, Polska
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Sądowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, Poznań, Polska
Publikacja: 26.03.2024
Otrzymano: 08.08.2023
Zaakceptowano: 10.10.2023
Status artykułu: Otwarte
Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND
Udział procentowy autorów:
Korekty artykułu:
-Języki publikacji:
Angielski, PolskiLiczba wyświetleń: 408
Liczba pobrań: 235
Sugerowane cytowania: Vancouver