Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature

Volodymyr M. Voloshynovych; Natalia M. Kozan; Viktoriia M. Voloshynovych; Julia Z. Kotsyubynska; Marian S. Voloshynovych; Galina M. Zelenchuk; Valeriia O. Chadiuk

Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature

Data publikacji: 08.09.2022

Problems of Forensic Sciences (Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych), 2022, 129, s. 49 - 73

https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483PFS.22.003.16304

Autorzy

Pobierz pełny tekst

PDF

drukuj

Tytuły

Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature

Abstrakt

The article describes the current possibilities of forensic medicine in the diagnosis of death by drowning, as well as reflects the different views of the authors and the evolution of approaches to this issue. Despite the constant interest of scientists in the topic of drowning and extensive research on this issue, there are still many white spots. Researchers are trying to identify more specific changes characteristic of drowning and possible methods to detect them.

The main evidence based method of diagnosing drowning at present is the detection of diatomic plankton in the tissues of isolated kidneys by light optical microscopy. However, microscopic examination and identification of diatomic plankton require a lot of time and accurate taxonomic examination. Also, a disadvantage of this method is that the methods of processing the material sent for research, as a result of the use of concentrated acids for the destruction of organs, greatly complicates and sometimes eliminates the possibility of detection of diatomic plankton. In some cases, the presence of diatoms during drowning is so small that it is impossible to detect them by microscopy. In such cases, the presence of phytoplankton DNA detected by PCR in tissues during drowning is almost the only method for diagnosing drowning. Nowadays there has been a lack of research in the field of forensic medicine related to the use of evidence-based medicine, especially in the field of drowning.

Słowa kluczowe

Drowning; Forensic pathology; Polymerase chain reaction; Diatomic plankton; Evidence-based medicine; Forensic medicine

Bibliografia

Pobierz bibliografię

1. Abe, S., Suto, M., Nakamura, H., Gunji, H., Hiraiwa, K., Suzuki, T., Itoh, T., Kochi, H., Hoshiai, G.-I. (2003). A novel PCR method for identifying plankton in cases of death by drowning. Medicine, Science and the Law, 43(1), 23–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.43.1.23.

https://doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.43.1.23.

2. Alsaif, D. M., Almadani, O. M., Ali Almoghannam, S., Hamdi, D., Al-Farayedhi, M. A., Kharosha, M. A. (2018). Child fatalities in Dammam: A call for child fatality reviews in Arab countries. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 63(4), 1171–1175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13685.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13685.

3. Aoyagi, M., Iwadate, K., Fukui, K., Abe, S., Sakai, K., Maebashi, K., Ochiai, E., Nakamura, M. (2009). A novel method for the diagnosis of drowning by detection of Aeromonas sobria with PCR method. Legal Medicine, 11(6), 257–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.07.003.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.07.003.

4. Aoyagi, M., Iwadate, K., Matsuyama, N., Nara, A., Shimada, R., Ito, Y. (2006). An applied diagnosis of drowning by detection of the aquatic bacterium with the PCR method: A case report. Acta Criminologiae et Medicinae Legalis Japonica, 72(2), 49–53. Retrieved October 13, 2021 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287733875_An_applied_diagnosis_of_drowning_by_

detection_of_the_aquatic_bacterium_with_the_PCR_method_A_case_report.

5. Bain, E., Keller, A. E., Jordan, H., Robyn, W., Pollanen, M. S., Williams, A. S., Donner, E. J. (2018). Drowning in epilepsy: A population-based case series. Epilepsy Research, 145, 123–126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.010.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.010.

6. Barranco, R., Castiglioni, C., Ventura, F., Fracasso, T. (2019). Immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, aquaporin 5, and fibronectin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 133(5), 1461–1467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02105-1.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02105-1.

7. Bierens, J. J. L. M., Lunetta, P., Tipton, M., Warner, D. S. (2016). Physiology of drowning: A review. Physiology, 31(2), 147–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00002.2015.

https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00002.2015.

8. Bouhaddada, R., Nélieu, S., Nasri, H., Delarue, G., Bouaïcha, N. (2016). High diversity of microcystins in a Microcystis bloom from an Algerian lake. Environmental Pollution, 216, 836–844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.055.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.055.

9. Cai, H. G., Ying, J., Ni, Z. H., Lan, P., Zhang, Y. Y., Yu, R. J., Pang, H. B., Ye, C. L., Wei, D. M. (2016). Diatoms distribution in Ningbo three-river watershed during summer. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi (Journal of Forensic Medicine), 32(6), 413–414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.004.

https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.06.004.

10. Carballeira, R., Vieira, D. N., Febrero-Bande, M., Muñoz Barús, J. I. (2018). A valid method to determine the site of drowning. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 132(2), 487–497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-017-1708-1.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-017-1708-1.

11. Carvalho, R. C., Kennedy, D. M., Woodroffe, C. D. (2019). A morphology-based drowning risk index for rock platform fishing: A case study from southeastern Australia. Nat Hazards, 96, 837–856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03572-w.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03572-w.

12. Coelho, S., Ramos, P., Ribeiro, C., Marques, J., Santos, A. (2016). Contribution to the determination of the place of death by drowning – A study of diatoms’ biodiversity in Douro river estuary. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 41, 58–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2016.04.007.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2016.04.007.

13. Dettmeyer, R. B. (2018). Forensic histopathology. Fundamentals and perspectives. Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77997-3.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77997-3.

14. Ferrara, S. D., Baccino, E., Bajanowski, T., Boscolo-Berto, R., Castellano, M., De Angel, R., Pauliukevičius, A., Ricci, P., Vanezis, P., Vieira, D. N., Viel, G., Villanueva, E. (2013). Malpractice and medical liability. European guidelines on methods of ascertainment and criteria of evaluation. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 127(3), 545–557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-013-0836-5.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-013-0836-5.

15. Fucci, N., Pascali, V. L., Puccinelli, C., Marcheggiani, S., Mancini, L., Marchetti, D. (2015). Evaluation of two methods for the use of diatoms in drowning cases. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, 11(4), 601–605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-015-9708-2.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-015-9708-2.

16. Garland, J., McCarthy, S., Hensby-Bennett, S., Philcox, W., OʼRegan, T., Rousseau, G., Palmiere, C., Elstub, H., Cala, A., Clifton, L., Lam, L., Barker, C., Ondruschka, B., Woydt, L., Spark, A., Kesha, K., Morrow, P., Glenn, C., Stables, S., Tse, R. (2019). Elevation of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid sodium and chloride levels is a potential adjunct test in the diagnosis of salt water drowning. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 40(3), 251–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000488.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000488.

17. Garland, J., Philcox, W., Kesha, K., McCarthy, S., Lam, L. C. S., Palmiere, C., Hensby-Bennett, S., Stables, S., Tse, R. (2019). Elevated cerebrospinal fluid sodium and chloride levels in a saltwater drowning death. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 40(3), 258–261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000464.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000464.

18. Gault, P. M., Marler, H. J. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook on cyanobacteria: Biochemistry, biotechnology and applications. Nova Science Publishers.

19. Gotsmy, W., Lombardo, P., Jackowski, C., Brencicova, E., Zech, W-D. (2019). Layering of stomach contents in drowning cases in post-mortem computed tomography compared to forensic autopsy. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 133(1), 181–188. DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s00414-018-1850-4.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1850-4.

20. Han, J., Wang, C., Li, X., Fan, Y., Feng, X. (2013). Comparative analysis between diatom nitric acid digestion method and plankton 16S rDNA PCR method. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi (Journal of Forensic Medicine), 29(5), 356–359. Retrieved December 19, 2021 from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24466776/.

21. He, F., Huang, D., Liu, L. (2008). A PCR-DGGE-based method for identifying plankton 16S rDNA for the diagnosis of drowning. Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine, 23(4), 234–237. Retrieved January 15, 2022 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288818800_A_PCRDGGE-based_method_for_identifying_plankton_16S_rDNA_for_the_diagnosis_of_drowning.

22. He, F., Huang, D., Liu, L., Shu, X., Yin, H., Li, X. (2008). A novel PCR-DGGE-based method for identifying plankton 16S rDNA for the diagnosis of drowning. Forensic Science International, 176(2–3), 152–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.08.005.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.08.005.

23. Idota, N., Tsuboi, H., Takaso, M., Tojo, M., Kinebuchi, T., Nakamura, M., Ichioka, H., Shintani-Ishida, K., Ikegaya, H. (2017). Comparison between temperature gradient gel electrophoresis of bacterial 16S rDNA and diatom test for diagnosis of drowning. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 63(2–3), 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13606.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13606.

24. Isaev, Y. S., Sveshnikov, V. (1988). Forensic medical substantiation of death from drowning in water. Retrieved August 16, 2021 from: http://www.forens-med.ru/book.php?id=1421.

25. Jian, J. Q., Deng, D. Y., Wan, L., Zou, D. H., Wang, Z. Q., Liu, N. G., Chen, Y. J. (2019). Characteristic changes and 3D virtual measurement of lung CT image parameters in the drowning rabbit model. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi (Journal of Forensic Medicine), 35(1), 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.01.001.

https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.01.001.

26. Jianping, Q., Enshou, W. (1992). A study on the diagnosis of drowning by examination of lung chlorophyll(a) of planktons with a spectrofluorophotometer. Forensic Science International, 53(2), 149–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(92)90191-X.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(92)90191-X.

27. Kakizaki, E., Sonoda, A., Shinkawa, N., Yukawa, N. (2019). A new enzymatic method for extracting diatoms from organs of suspected drowning cases using papain: Optimal digestion and first practical application. Forensic Science International, 297, 204–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.008.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.008.

28. Kanchan, T., Saraf, A., Ateriya, N. (2018). “Appearances are deceptive” – External foam as an indicator of post-mortem period. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 54, 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.007.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2017.12.007.

29. Kawasumi, Y., Kawabata, T., Sugai, Y., Usui, A., Hosokai, Y., Sato, M., Saito, H., Ishibashi, T., Hayashizaki, Y., Funayama, M. (2012). Assessment of the relationship between drowning and fluid accumulation in the paranasal sinuses on post-mortem computed tomography. European Journal of Radiology, 81(12), 3953–3955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.08.011.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.08.011.

30. Kawasumi, Y., Usui, A., Sato, Y., Sato, Y., Daigaku, N., Hosokai, Y., Hayashizaki, Y., Funayama, M., Ishibashi, T. (2016). Distinction between saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning by assessment of sinus fluid on post-mortem computed tomography. European Radiology, 26(4), 1186–1190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3909-7.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3909-7.

31. Kevrekidis, D. P., Brousa, E., Mastrogianni, O., Orfanidis, A., Gika, H. G., Raikos, N. (2020). Risk factors for fatal drowning in a Greek region: A retrospective case-control study. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 27, 316–323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043788.

https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043788.

32. Krstic, S., Duma, A., Janevska, B., Levkov, Z., Nikolova, K., Noveska, M. (2002). Diatoms in forensic expertise of drowning – A Macedonian experience. Forensic Science International, 127(3), 198–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00125-1.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00125-1.

33. Lee, S.-Y., Woo, S.-K., Lee, S.-M., Ha, E.-J., Lim, K.-H., Choi, K.-H., Roh, Y.-H., Eom, Y.-B. (2017). Microbiota composition and pulmonary surfactant protein expression as markers of death by drowning. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 62(4), 1080–1088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13347.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13347.

34. Li, Z., Liu, X., Yu, Y., Huang, H., Li, X., Ji, Q., Li, K., Yu, Y., Li, D., Mao, Z., Pu, Y., Chen, P., Chen, F. (2019). Barcoding for diatoms in the Yangtze River from the morphological observation and 18S rDNA polymorphic analysis. Forensic Science International, 297, 81–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.028.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.028.

35. Liu, M., Zhao, Y., Sun, Y., Wu, P., Zhou, S., Ren, L. (2020). Diatom DNA barcodes for forensic discrimination of drowning incidents. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 367(17). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaa145.

https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaa145.

36. Liu, Q.-P., Zhou, D.-X., Sun, L., Ling, L., Wu, C.-G., Lin, P., Han, S.-P. (2014). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates seawater-exposure-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting autophagy in lung tissue. Pathology Research International, 104962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/104962.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/104962.

37. Ludes, B., Quantin, S., Coste, M., Mangin, P. (1994). Application of a simple enzymatic digestion method for diatom detection in the diagnosis of drowning in putrified corpses by diatom analysis. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 107(1), 37–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01247273.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01247273.

38. Maeda, H., Zhu, B. L., Ishikawa, T., Quan, L., Michiue, T., Bessho, Y., Okazaki, S., Kamikodai, Y., Tsuda, K., Komatsu, A., Azuma, Y. (2009). Analysis of postmortem biochemical findings with regard to the lung weight in drowning. Legal Medicine, 11(1), 269–272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.029.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.029.

39. Mai, B.-S., Xu, Q.-Y., Liu, C., Zhao, J., Han, Y.-L. (2016). Diagnosis of drowning by detecting gyrB and 16S rRNA genes of Aeromonas hydrophila using PCR-capillary electrophoresis. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao (Journal of Southern Medical University), 36(11), 1550–1554. Retrieved February 20, 2022 from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27881349/.

40. Main, A. B., Hooper, A. J. (2017). Drowning and immersion injury. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 18(8), 401–403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2017.05.006.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2017.05.006.

41. Miyazato, T., Ishikawa, T., Michiue, T., Maeda, H. (2012). Molecular pathology of pulmonary surfactants and cytokines in drowning compared with other asphyxiation and fatal hypothermia. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 126(4), 581–587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0698-2.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0698-2.

42. Nasri, H., Delarue, G., Bouhaddada, R. (2016). High diversity of microcystins in a Microcystis bloom from an Algerian. Environmental Pollution, 216, 836–844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.055.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.055.

43. Oshima, T., Ohtani, M., Mimasaka, S. (2019). Muscular hemorrhages around the scapula resulting from excessive upper extremity motion in cases of fatal drowning: Autopsy findings for insights on manner of death. Forensic Science International, 300, 82–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.029.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.029.

44. Paulis, M. G., Hasan, E. I. (2018). Electrolytes and biochemical changes in cerebrospinal fluid in drowning: Experimental rabbit model. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 39(3), 236–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000407.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000407.

45. Pavlidis, P., Karakasi, M.-V. (2019). A retrospective statistical review of deaths owing to migration through the southeasternmost land borders of the European Union, Greece 2000–14. Disasters, 43(3), 459–477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12355.

https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12355.

46. Piette, M. H. A., De Letter, E. A. (2006). Drowning: Still a difficult autopsy diagnosis. Forensic Science International, 163(1–2), 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.10.027.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.10.027.

47. Preventing drowning: Practical guidance. World Health Organization. Retrieved May 28, 2022 from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240046726.

48. Quan, L. (2003). Characteristics of drowning by different age groups. Injury Prevention, 9(2), 163–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.2.163.

https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.2.163.

49. Ramos-Vara, J. A. (2005). Technical aspects of immunohistochemistry. Veterinary Pathology, 42(4), 405–426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-4-405.

https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-4-405.

50. Rácz, E., Könczöl, F., Tóth, D., Patonai, Z., Porpáczy, Z., Kozma, Z., Poór, V. S., Sipos, K. (2016). PCR-based identification of drowning: Four case reports. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 130(5), 1303–1307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-016-1359-7.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-016-1359-7.

51. Reijnen, G., Vos, P., Buster, M., Reijnders, U. (2019). Can pulmonary foam arise after postmortem submersion in water? An animal experimental pilot study. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 61, 40–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.11.004.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.11.004.

52. Rutty, G. N., Bradley, C. J., Biggs, M. J. P., Hollingbury, F. E., Hamilton, S. J., Malcomson, R. D. G., Holmes, C. W. (2015). Detection of bacterioplankton using PCR probes as a diagnostic indicator for drowning; the Leicester experience. Legal Medicine, 17(5), 401–408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.06.001.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.06.001.

53. Rutty, G. N., Johnson, C., Amoroso, J., Robinson, C., Bradley, C. J., Morgan, B. (2017). Post-mortem computed tomography coaxial cutting needle biopsy to facilitate the detection of bacterioplankton using PCR probes as a diagnostic indicator for drowning. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 131(1), 211–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-016-1473-6.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-016-1473-6.

54. Saini, E., Khanagwal, V. P., Singh, R. (2017). A systematic databasing of diatoms from different geographical localities and sites of Haryana for advancing validation of forensic diatomology. Data in Brief, 10, 63–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.072.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.072.

55. Saunders, C. J., Adriaanse, R., Simons, A., van Niekerk, A. (2018). Fatal drowning in the Western Cape, South Africa: A 7-year retrospective, epidemiological study. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 25, 529–534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042945.

https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042945.

56. Schander, C., Hagnell, J. (2003). Death by drowning degrades DNA. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 69, 387–388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/69.4.387.

https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/69.4.387.

57. Schneppe, S., Dokter, M., Bockholdt, B. (2020). Macromorphological findings in cases of death in water: A critical view on “drowning signs”. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 135, 281–291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02469-9.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02469-9.

58. Seo, Y., Ichida, D., Sato, S., Kuroki, K., Kishida, T. (2014). An improved method for the diatom test utilizing DNA binding ability of silica. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59(3), 779–784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12390.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12390.

59. Stemberga, V., Stifter, S., Cuculić, D., Coklo, M., Bosnar, A. (2009). Immunohistochemical surfactant protein-A expression: Fatal drowning vs. postmortem immersion. Medical Hypotheses, 72(4), 413–415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.11.024.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.11.024.

60. Teresiński, G. (2016). Polska medycyna sądowa A.D. 2016 – raport konsultanta krajowego. Archiwum Medycyny Sądowej i Kryminologii, 66(4), 262–304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/amsik.2016.68101.

https://doi.org/10.5114/amsik.2016.68101.

61. Tester, D. J., Kopplin, L. J., Creighton, W., Burke, A. P., Ackerman, M. J. (2005). Pathogenesis of unexplained drowning: New insights from a molecular autopsy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 80(5), 596–600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4065/80.5.596.

https://doi.org/10.4065/80.5.596.

62. Thakar, M. K., Singh, R. (2010). Diatomological mapping of water bodies for the diagnosis of drowning cases. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 17(1), 18–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2009.07.016.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2009.07.016.

63. Tie, J., Uchigasaki, S., Haseba, T., Ohno, Y., Isahai, I., Oshida, S. (2010). Direct and rapid PCR amplification using digested tissues for the diagnosis of drowning. Electrophoresis, 31, 2411–2415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900754.

https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900754.

64. Tse, R., Garland, J., Kesha, K., Morrow, P., Lam, L., Elstub, H., Cala, A., Spark, A., Palmiere, C., Stables, S. (2018). Combining postmortem vitreous sodium and chloride and lung-body ratio in aiding the diagnosing saltwater drowning. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 39(3), 229–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000410.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PAF.0000000000000410.

65. Uchigasaki, S., Tie, J., Haseba, T., Cui, F., Ohno, Y., Isobe, E., Isahai, I., Tsutsumi, H. (2016). Real-time PCR assay for the detection of picoplankton DNA distribution in the tissues of drowned rabbits. Legal Medicine, 20, 33–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.03.005.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.03.005.

66. Uchiyama, T., Kakizaki, E., Kozawa, S., Nishida, S., Imamura, N., Yukawa, N. (2012). A new molecular approach to help conclude drowning as a cause of death: Simultaneous detection of eight bacterioplankton species using real-time PCR assays with TaqMan probes. Forensic Science International, 222, 11–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.029.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.029.

67. Voloshynovych, V. M., Kasala, R. O., Stambulska, U. Y., Voloshynovych, M. S. (2019). Determination the presence of amplification products of 16s rRNA microcystis aeruginosa as a biomarker of drowning. Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine, 27(1), 16–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2019.16.

https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2019.16.

68. WHR/World Health Rankings. Retrieved June 28, 2022 from: https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/ukraine-drownings.

69. Xu, G., Hu, B., Shen, R., Pan, X., Zhou, X. (2011). Applications for drowning identification by planktonic diatom test on rats in forensic medicine. Procedia Engineering, 18, 417–421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.067.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.067.

70. Yajima, D., Inokuchi, G., Makino, Y., Motomura, A., Chiba, F., Torimitsu, S., Yamaguchi, R., Hoshioka, Y., Malakienė, D., Raudys, R., Iwase, H. (2018). Diagnosis of drowning by summation of sodium, potassium, and chloride ion levels in sphenoidal sinus fluid: Differentiating between freshwater and seawater drowning and its application to brackish water and bathtub deaths. Forensic Science International, 284, 219–225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.01.013.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.01.013.

71. Yang, K., Choi, B. H., Lee, B., Yoo, S. H. (2018). Bath-related deaths in Korea between 2008–2015. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 33(14), e108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e108.

https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e108.

72. Yao, J., Kan, W. J. (2017). Diatom detection using enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi (Journal of Forensic Medicine), 33(2), 165–167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.012.

https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.02.012.

73. Zhang, L., Nie, Q., Dai, Y., Zhu, S., Wang, J., Wang, W., Tan, X., Zhang, P., Li, J. (2020). Diatomological mapping of water bodies in Chongqing section of the Yangtze River and Jialing River. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 134(4), 1375–1385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02297-x.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02297-x.

74. Zhang, P., Kang, X., Zhang, S., Xiao, C., Ma, Y., Shi, H., Xu, Q., Zhao, J., Chen, L., Liu, C. (2020). The length and width of diatoms in drowning cases as the evidence of diatoms penetrating the alveoli-capillary barrier. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 134(3), 1037–1042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02164-4.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02164-4.

75. Zhao, B., Yao, S. Q., Hao, X. H. (2016). Expression of AQP-1 and AQP-4 in the Lungs of Drown Rats. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi (Journal of Forensic Medicine), 32(5), 321–325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.05.001.

https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2016.05.001.

76. Zhao, J., Liu, C., Hu, S., He, S., Lu, S. (2013). Microwave digestion – vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy as a sensitive method for forensic diatom test. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 127(2), 459–463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0756-9.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0756-9.

77. Zhou, Y., Cao, Y., Huang, J., Deng, K., Ma, K., Zhang, T., Chen, L., Zhang, J., Huang, P. (2020). Research advances in forensic diatom testing. Forensic Sciences Research, 5(2), 98–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2020.1718901.

https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2020.1718901.

78. Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, J., Deng, K., Zhang, J., Qin, Z., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Tuo, Y., Chen, L., Chen, Y., Huang, P. (2019). Digital whole-slide image analysis for automated diatom test in forensic cases of drowning using a convolutional neural network algorithm. Forensic Science International, 302, 109922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109922.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109922.

79. Zimmermann, J., Jahn, R., Gemeinholzer, B. (2011). Barcoding diatoms: Evaluation of the V4 subregion on the 18S rRNA gene, including new primers and protocols. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 11(3), 173–192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0050-6.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0050-6.

Informacje

Informacje: Problems of Forensic Sciences (Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych), 2022, 129, s. 49 - 73

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483PFS.22.003.16304

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature

Angielski:

Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature