Valeriia O. Chadiuk

It is known that micro-mobility has a positive impact by reducing congestion and emissions. However, with the increase in traffic of these vehicles, the number of related collisions and accidents has increased, and the number of injured and killed people, including children, has risen accordingly. The purpose of the review study was to conduct a comprehensive study of several issues related to the safety of using electric micro-mobility devices for both adults and children through a systematic literature review; to determine the forensic aspects of injuries to operators of electric micro-mobility devices and pedestrians, and to investigate the mechanism of injury. A systematic, thematic bibliographic review was used to conduct this review study. The Scopus database was chosen as the main portal for searching for publications (www.scopus.com). At the same time, a limited search in the Google Scholar database was used for original queries. The article highlights the aspects related to the safety of using electric micro-mobility devices for children and adults, the peculiarities of injuries, the statistical correlation between the frequency of injuries and the use of basic protective equipment, and the characteristic types of injuries for specific micro-mobility devices. Despite all the work done, its results are mostly statistical and do not provide a holistic view of the mechanism of injury and forensic assessment of the consequences of injury. There is also an open issue related to the study of the peculiarities of injuries to operators and pedestrians, and the establishment of differential trauma criteria specific to operators and pedestrians.

The article describes the current possibilities of forensic medicine in the diagnosis of death by drowning, as well as reflects the different views of the authors and the evolution of approaches to this issue. Despite the constant interest of scientists in the topic of drowning and extensive research on this issue, there are still many white spots. Researchers are trying to identify more specific changes characteristic of drowning and possible methods to detect them.

The main evidence based method of diagnosing drowning at present is the detection of diatomic plankton in the tissues of isolated kidneys by light optical microscopy. However, microscopic examination and identification of diatomic plankton require a lot of time and accurate taxonomic examination. Also, a disadvantage of this method is that the methods of processing the material sent for research, as a result of the use of concentrated acids for the destruction of organs, greatly complicates and sometimes eliminates the possibility of detection of diatomic plankton. In some cases, the presence of diatoms during drowning is so small that it is impossible to detect them by microscopy. In such cases, the presence of phytoplankton DNA detected by PCR in tissues during drowning is almost the only method for diagnosing drowning. Nowadays there has been a lack of research in the field of forensic medicine related to the use of evidence-based medicine, especially in the field of drowning.