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Geographic differences in passenger turnover decline at airports around the world in 2020 caused by the COVID-2019 pandemic

Data publikacji: 30.06.2021

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 2021, 24 (2), s. 18 - 39

https://doi.org/10.4467/2543859XPKG.21.009.14952

Autorzy

Sergey Tarkhov
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetniy pereulok 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-963X Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

Geographic differences in passenger turnover decline at airports around the world in 2020 caused by the COVID-2019 pandemic

Abstrakt

Decline types of passenger turnover of 517 airports worldwide in 2020 compared to 2019, caused by COVID-19, are analyzed. This decay was uneven in space, as well as in individual countries, areas, poles, centers and cores. The strongest decline in 2020 occurred at airports of Europe (especially in the UK, Spain, Germany, and Italy) and Asia (particularly in India and Malaysia), medium – in the countries of America (the USA, Mexico, Brazil) and Norway, moderate – in Russia, weak – in China. 48% of all airports covered by the study showed a strong decline in passenger turnover (from 65 to 85%), 32% – medium (45 to 65%), 10% – moderate (30 to 45%). A catastrophic decline (over 85%) was recorded at 14 airports (2.7%), weak (15-30%) – in 26 (5%), insignificant (3-15%) – in 9 (1.7%). Stagnation (from -3% to + 3%) was noted only in 1 airport, and growth (more than + 3%) – in 3. The largest international airports with a high proportion of international transit passengers and airports with a narrow resort and tourist specialization were most affected by the covid crisis; less – airports with a dominance of domestic traffic. The pandemic has deformed the persistent territorial structure of world air traffic, which has formed over the past 60 years, and also violated the already established hierarchy of the largest and large airports not only around the world, but also within individual mega-regions and countries with big territories and populations.

Key words: COVID-19, air transportation, air passenger flows, airports, passenger turnover, decline dynamics, decline types, Europe, world


Zróżnicowanie geograficzne spadku ruchu pasażerskiego na lotniskach świata w 2020 r. spowodowane pandemią COVID-19

W artykule poddano analizie rodzaje spadków ruchu pasażerów na lotniskach spowodowanych skutkami pandemii COVID-19. Badanie przeprowadzono dla 517 portów lotniczych świata porównując zmiany jakie zaszły 2020 r. w stosunku do poprzedniego 2019 r. Obserwowane było niezwykle nierównomierne rozmieszczenie tego zjawiska w przestrzeni, a także w skali poszczególnych krajów, obszarów, biegunów, centrów i rdzeni. Największy spadek liczby obsługiwanych pasażerów wystąpił w 2020 r. na lotniskach Europy (szczególnie w Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpanii, Niemczech i Włoszech) oraz Azji (szczególnie 19 w Indiach i Malezji). Średnie nasilenie tego procesu wystąpiło w krajach obu Ameryk (USA, Meksyk, Brazylia) oraz w Norwegii. Natomiast w Rosji spadek liczby obsługiwanych pasażerów miał charakter umiarkowany, a w przypadku Chin wręcz słaby. 48% wszystkich portów lotniczych objętych badaniem było dotkniętych silnymi spadkami (od 65 do 85%), 32% – średnimi (od 45 do 65%), 10% – umiarkowanymi (30 do 45%). Katastrofalne zmniejszenie się ruchu pasażerów (ponad 85%) odnotowano na 14 lotniskach (2,7%), słabe (15-30%) – w 26 (5%), nieznaczny (3-15%) – w 9 (1,7%). Brak zmiany (od -3% do +3%) miał miejsce tylko na jednym lotnisku, a wzrost (ponad +3%) – w trzech innych portach lotniczych. Największe międzynarodowe porty lotnicze z wysokim odsetkiem pasażerów w tranzycie międzynarodowym oraz porty lotnicze o wąskiej specjalizacji uzdrowiskowej i turystycznej najbardziej ucierpiały w wyniku kryzysu pandemicznego – mniej natomiast lotniska z przewagą ruchu krajowego. Pandemia zdeformowała stabilną strukturę terytorialną światowego ruchu lotniczego, która ukształtowała się w ciągu ostatnich 60 lat, a także naruszyła ustanowioną już hierarchię największych i większych lotnisk nie tylko na całym świecie, ale także w obrębie poszczególnych megaregionów i krajów z dużymi terytoriami i populacjami.

Bibliografia

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Statistical Data
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https://avia.gov.ua/pro-nas/statistika/operativna-informat­siya/  – statistics of air transportation of Ukraine for 2020
https://www.aviation24.be/airports/bordeaux-bod/bor­deaux-airport-2020-review-70-6-fewer-passengers-and-outlook-for-2021/  – Bordeaux airport statistics for 2020
https://www.aviationpros.com/airports/news/21207990/air-traffic-down-almost-70-on-bucharest-airports-in-2020  – decline in passenger turnover at Bucharest airports in 2020
https://www.belta.by/society/view/passazhiropotok-natsionalnogo-aeroporta-minsk-v-2019-godu-uvelichilsja-na-125-376052-2020/#:~:text=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%20%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202019,%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E%20%D0%BA%202018%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83 . – Minsk airport statistics 2019
https://www.berlin-airport.de/en/_documents/press/basis­informationen/verkehrsstatistik/2020/2020-12-BER-EN.pdf  – Berlin airport statistics for 2019-2020
https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/mobil­itaet-verkehr.assetdetail.14347287.html  – Switzerland airport statistics for 2019
https://www.bts.aero/o-letisku/press/tlacove-spravy/letisko-m-r-stefanika-vybavilo-vlani-405-tisic-cestujucich/  – Bratislava airport statistics for 2019-2020
https://www.cph.dk/en/about-cph/investor/traffic-statistics/2021/1/worst%20year%20since%201970%20cph%20lost%2022.7%20million%20passengers  – statistics of all airports in Denmark for 2019-20
https://dailynewshungary.com/budapest-airport-passenger-numbers-decline-76-pc-in-2020/  – Budapest airport statistics 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_in_the_Former_Yugoslav_Republics  – statistics of airports in the countries of the former Yugoslavia for 2011-2020
https://www.flughafen-graz.at/unternehmen/zahlen-fakten/zahlen-daten-fakten.html  – statistics of Graz airport for 1990-2020
https://www.flughafen-stuttgart.de/unternehmen/zahlen-und-daten/  – statistics of Stuttgart airport for 2020
https://www.fraport.com/en/investors/traffic-figures.html  – statistics of airports in the Fraport group for 2019 (p.38)
https://www.fraport.com/en/investors/traffic-figures.html  – statistics of the airports of the Fraport group for 2020 (Frankfurt am Main, a number of airports in Greece, Brazil, Peru, Bulgaria, Antalya, Xi’an, St. Petersburg)
https://www.iata.org/en/publications/store/monthly-traffic-statistics/  – monthly statistics of air passenger traffic in the world IATA (paid)
https://infotrans.by/2021/01/20/passazhiropotok-v-naczionalnom-aeroportu-minsk-za-2020-g-upal-na-62/#:~:text=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%2C%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202020,%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D0%B2%202019%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83 . – Minsk airport statistics in 2020
https://www.innsbruck-airport.com/it/pressemit-teilung-bilanz-2020  - Innsbruck airport statistics in 2019-20
https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/munster/arid-40204523.html#:~:text=2%20million%20passengers.-,Just%20530%2C000%20people%20used%20the%20airport%20in%202020%2C%20with%20the,Managing%20Director%20of%20Cork%20Airport . – Cork airport statistics in 2020
https://www.katowice-airport.com/en/our-airport/statistics/annual-statistics  – Katowice airport statistics
https://www.krakowairport.pl/en/airport,c94/news,c120/podsumowanie-2020-roku-w-krakow-airport,a3713.html  – statistics of Krakow airport for 2019-2020
https://www.ltou.lt/en/aviation/airports-statistics/vno-2  – airport statistics for 2017-2021
https://mintrans.news/avia/passazhiropotok-aeroporta-kharkov-snizilsya-za-god-na-51  – Kharkiv airport statistics for 2019-20
https://mintrans.news/avia/aeroport-lvov-zakonchil-god-bez-ubytkov  – Lviv airport statistics for 2019-20
https://www.parisaeroport.fr/docs/default-source/groupe-fichiers/finance/relations-investisseurs/trafic/2020/a%C3%A9roports-de-paris-sa---trafic-du-mois-de-d%C3%A9cembre-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=9673d3bd_2  – statistics of passenger turnover of Paris airports Charles de Gaulle, Orly, as well as other airports of the TAV group ADP for 2020 (ADP, “Annual statistics from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport”)
https://www.parisaeroport.fr/docs/default-source/groupe-fichiers/finance/a%C3%A9roports-de-paris-sa--december-2019-traffic-figures.pdf?sfvrsn=8c7cc1bd_2  – statistics of airports ADP group TAV for 2019
https://www.pasazer.com/statystyki-lotnisk/pl  – Poland airport statistics
https://www.riga-airport.com/uploads/2_RIX_Statistics%202020_Feb.pdf  – Riga airport statistics for February 2020
https://www.riga-airport.com/uploads/statis-tika/12_RIX_Statistics%202020_Dec.pdf  – Riga airport statistics for December 2020
https://www.schiphol.nl/en/schiphol-group/page/transport-and-traffic-statistics/  – statistics of airport Am­sterdam (Schiphol)
https://www.sofia-airport.bg/sites/default/files/en-passengers_2019-2020_11.pdf  – Sofia airport statistics for 2019-20 (monthly)
https://wwwssl.aena.es/csee/Satellite?pagename=Estadisticas/Home  – Spain airport statistics
https://www.swedavia.se/globalassets/statistik/fpl_202012tot.pdf  – Sweden airport statistics for 2020
https://www.swedavia.se/globalassets/statistik/fpl_201912.pdf  – Sweden airport statistics for 2019
https://www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/airport-statis­tics.262025/page-183#post-172568396  – preliminary figures on passenger turnover of 50 cities of the world with the largest airports in 2020
https://www.tallinn-airport.ee/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/TLL-traffic-2019-short.pdf – Tallinn airport statistics
https://www.viennaairport.com/ – Vienna airport sta­tistics 2020

Informacje

Informacje: Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 2021, 24 (2), s. 18 - 39

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Geographic differences in passenger turnover decline at airports around the world in 2020 caused by the COVID-2019 pandemic

Angielski:

Geographic differences in passenger turnover decline at airports around the world in 2020 caused by the COVID-2019 pandemic

Autorzy

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-963X

Sergey Tarkhov
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetniy pereulok 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-963X Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetniy pereulok 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia

Publikacja: 30.06.2021

Otrzymano: 02.05.2021

Zaakceptowano: 18.06.2021

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY  ikona licencji

Udział procentowy autorów:

Sergey Tarkhov (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

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Języki publikacji:

Angielski