The article deals with the publication titled “Z archiwistyką po Europie w XX wieku” [Archival guide to 20th-century Europe], published by Szczecin University as part of the “Historiografia Pomorska” [Pomeranian Historiography] series. It was published on the 75th birthday of Professor Zdzisław Chmielewski, archivist, (or archival theorist, to be precise) and member of the Toruń school of archival science. The publication was edited by Professor Adam Makowski and consists of Chmielewski’s both published and previously unseen articles. It comprises four chapters containing its author’s thoughts on the development of European and Global archival science in the 20th century. The publication sheds light on the main dilemmas which archivists were faced with in the previous century. Pointing towards the greatest archival challenges of the 20th century, Professor Zdzisław Chmielewski also poses important questions regarding the future of archival science in our rapidly-digitising world.