Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie mechanizmu działania zorganizowanych grup przestępczych, które podejmują się ułatwiania przekraczania granicy państwa wbrew przepisom. Rozważania oparto o analizę dokonaną na podstawie studium przypadku sprawy karnej, w której sprawcy zostali skazani za organizowanie innym osobom przekraczania wschodniej granicy Polski wbrew przepisom, podjęte w ramach zorganizowanej grupy przestępczej. Zweryfikowano, czy zgodnie z doniesieniami Straży Granicznej oraz Komisji Europejskiej w analizowanym przypadku mamy do czynienia z działaniem międzynarodowej transgranicznej grupy przestępczej, czy jedynie siatki lokalnych grup przestępczych funkcjonujących na obszarze poszczególnych państw i współpracujących ze sobą. Na podstawie przyjętej metody badawczej ukazano strukturę oraz sposób działania grupy. Część rozważań poświęcono reakcji prawnokarnej na zjawisko głównie w oparciu o wysokość orzeczonych kar przez wymiar sprawiedliwości. Dokonano analizy orzeczonych kar w przedmiotowej sprawie i porównano je z polityką karną polskiego wymiaru sprawiedliwości w zakresie art. 264 § 32 i 2583 kk. Wysokość orzeczonych kar zestawiono z postulatami wynikającymi z implementacji prawa Unii Europejskiej.

Migrant Smuggling Through Poland’s Eastern Border – the Case Study

The aim of the article is to present a mechanism for the operation of organised crime groups which undertake to facilitate the crossing of a state border against the rules. The deliberations were based on an analysis made on the basis of a case study of a criminal case in which the perpetrators were convicted of organising the crossing of Poland’s eastern border by other people in contravention of regulations, undertaken as part of an organised criminal group. It was verified whether, according to reports from the Border Guard and the European Commission, we are dealing with the activity of international cross-border criminal group or only with network of local criminal groups operating on the territory of individual countries and cooperating with each other. On the basis of the research method adopted, the structure of the group, its mode of operation and the characteristics of foreigners were shown. Part of the deliberations was devoted to the criminal law reaction to the phenomenon mainly based on the level of penalties imposed by the justice system. The penalties imposed in the case in question were analysed and compared with the criminal policy of the Polish justice system within the scope of Article 264 § 3 and 258 of the Criminal Code. This was juxtaposed with the postulates resulting from the implementation of European Union law.

Keywords: organised crime, illegal border crossing, human smuggling penal policy

The aim of the article is to present a mechanism for the operation of organised crime groups which undertake to facilitate the crossing of a state border against the rules. The deliberations were based on an analysis made on the basis of a case study of a criminal case in which the perpetrators were convicted of organising the crossing of Poland’s eastern border by other people in contravention of regulations, undertaken as part of an organised criminal group. It was verified whether, according to reports from the Border Guard and the European Commission, we are dealing with the activity of international cross-border criminal group or only with network of local criminal groups operating on the territory of individual countries and cooperating with each other. On the basis of the research method adopted, the structure of the group, its mode of operation and the characteristics of foreigners were shown. Part of the deliberations was devoted to the criminal law reaction to the phenomenon mainly based on the level of penalties imposed by the justice system. The penalties imposed in the case in question were analysed and compared with the criminal policy of the Polish justice system within the scope of Article 264 § 3 and 258 of the Criminal Code. This was juxtaposed with the postulates resulting from the implementation of European Union law.