Issue 30 (16)

Introduction

Wstęp redaktora naczelnego

Marek Świerczek

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 9 - 10

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Articles

Bunt Prigożyna – przyczyny, przebieg i konsekwencje rebelii Grupy Wagnera

Filip Bryjka

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 13 - 48

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.001.19603

The author seeks answers to the question of how the Prighozin’s mutiny affected the position of the Wagner Group in Russia. He mainly takes into account the events that took place on 23-24 June 2023, when the mercenaries led by Yevgeny Prigozhin carried out the so-called “march of justice” against the Russian Defense Ministry. The aim of the article is to answer three specific research questions: 1) what factors led to the Wagner Group’s rebellion? 2) what was the reaction of the Russian government to these events? 3) what are the consequences of Prigozhin’s rebellion for the stability of Putin’s regime, the Wagner Group leadership and the organisation as a whole? In seeking answers to these questions, the author focuses on Prigozhin’s relations with the Russian military elite. He then presents the course of the rebellion and the Kremlin’s reaction to these events. The author further discusses the consequences of the rebellion both within Russia and internationally.

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Piotr Burczaniuk

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 49 - 78

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.002.19604

The study analysed the scope of changes in the criminalisation of the crime of espionage in Poland that took place with the amendment to the Criminal Code of 17 August 2023, as well as the systemic changes introduced by it in eight other laws, including the competency laws of all Polish special services. The amendments were introduced to increase the powers to combat this type of crime. The primary objective of the analysis was an attempt to answer the question of whether the scope of the changes introduced corresponds to the demands made by legal doctrine as well as practitioners involved in combating espionage in Poland, consequently adjusting the legal state to the current geopolitical situation, mainly related to aggressive non-military actions described in the doctrines of war. The analysis of the introduced changes was shown against the background of the legislative process of the indicated law, and especially the discussion that took place within its framework, without which a proper understanding of the changes would not be possible.

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Karolina Kuśmirek

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 79 - 95

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.003.19605

The subject of information activities carried out by the Russian Federation was taken up as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the security environment. Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to implement the undertaken research problem. The comparative method was used to juxtapose narratives. The method of content analysis included the analysis of the source material obtained from the information environment. The introduction presents information on the essence of information activities as an element of military activities. The next section of the article presents information activities that enabled the achievement of political goals both in Russia itself and on the international arena. The conclusions indicate those activities that diversified the recipients. The result of the conducted research was the identification of those information activities that allowed the Russian Federation to impose its arguments on the Russian society and in the global competition of superpowers.

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Angela Pacholczak

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 97 - 129

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.004.19606

The article focuses on the issue of international sanctions of a financial nature in the context of, in particular, the challenges to their effectiveness generated by the cryptocurrency market. An essential point of reference for this analysis is the current case of sanctions imposed by the Council of the European Union (supported by the application of complementary sanctions by part of the international community) on the Russian Federation in relation to that country’s military aggression against Ukraine. The aim of this article is to show different perspectives on the assessment of the effectiveness of sanctions and, in particular, to identify the sources why, in a key number of cases, while weakening the economic potential of the sanctioned state, they nevertheless fail to achieve the original objective of their imposition, i.e. the deterrence of military action. In this subject, the axis of interest is the current and prospective impact of blockchain-based financial solutions on the creation of an important loophole in the sanctions regime to eliminate or marginalise the effects of international financial sanctions. The issue is also assessed through the prism of the crypto-asset market regulation entering into force in the European Union in the near future and the implementation of the so-called travel rule for cryptocurrency transactions.

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Marek Świerczek

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 131 - 157

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.005.19607

The author analysed the scale of betrayal among the officers and officials of the Ukrainian state during the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014. The main research problem was an attempt to explain the anomaly in the activities of the special services in the form of recruiting 1,400 officers of the Ukrainian SBU to the Russian FSB. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon in the practice of secret services, the author used the theory of offensive intelligence and counter-intelligence created and developed in the USSR from the early 1920s, as well as the findings of cognitive psychology regarding the phenomenon of projection as the main mechanism for explaining the behavior of other people. Thanks to the synthesis of psychology and the analysis of the theoretical achievements of the Soviet secret services, the author put forward a hypothesis about the mass recruitment of the SBU officers in the Crimea long before the annexation. According to the author, the main mechanisms of mass recruitment of agents in order to control the opponent’s organisation were broadly understood corruption and cronyism characteristic to the post-Soviet area.

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Review articles / reviews

Narracja zwycięzców? Na marginesie monografii Michaela Wali Der Stasi-Mythos. DDR-Auslandsspionage und der Verfassungsschutz

Tytus Jaskułowski

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 161 - 169

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.006.19608

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Iwona Osłowska

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 171 - 181

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.007.19609

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Competition works

Wojna i konflikt w cyberprzestrzeni. Piąty teatr wojny

Maciej Heromiński

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 185 - 211

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.008.19610

The aim of this article is to present the genesis and typology of cyberspace and the threats that result from activities carried out in this area by state and non-state entities. The basic concepts, especially cyberspace, which is treated as a potential new theater of war, have been systematized. It was also presented the characteristics of the studied phenomenon from the point of view of using it to carry out destructive activities in the digital space and in the real world. Cyberspace is becoming an area for carrying out effective activities that serve to neutralize the enemy in a short time and with little effort. To prove his theses, the author uses numerous examples from the actual international relations, such as: the cyberwarfare in Estonia, the Israeli-American operations against Iranian ICT systems and the cyber-clashes between the United States of America and China.

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Maciej Witczak

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 213 - 240

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.009.19611

Open-source intelligence (OSINT) poses a threat to the information security system in an organisation (business, armed forces) and even in a whole state. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of this issue, to present the threats posed by open source intelligence and to identify ways of countering them. The theoretical part is complemented by a practical case study and confirms the hypotheses: gathering information from the open sources is possible, but it does not always allow for a comprehensive intelligence product. Moreover, the information security management minimises the risk of collecting data from the open sources. The second part provides recommendations and proposes a universal model of information security management in an organisation.

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Varia

Seminarium „25 lat Polski w Sojuszu. Pierwszy polski oficer w NATO”

Iwona Osłowska

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 243 - 250

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.010.19612

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Leszek Wojcieszak

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 251 - 263

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.011.19613

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Introduction

Foreword by Editor-in-Chief

Marek Świerczek

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 265 - 266

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Articles

Prigozhin’s mutiny - causes, course and consequences of the Wagner Group rebellion

Filip Bryjka

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 269 - 304

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.012.19614

The author seeks answers to the question of how the Prighozin’s mutiny affected the position of the Wagner Group in Russia. He mainly takes into account the events that took place on 23-24 June 2023, when the mercenaries led by Yevgeny Prigozhin carried out the so-called “march of justice” against the Russian Defense Ministry. The aim of the article is to answer three specific research questions: 1) what factors led to the Wagner Group’s rebellion? 2) what was the reaction of the Russian government to these events? 3) what are the consequences of Prigozhin’s rebellion for the stability of Putin’s regime, the Wagner Group leadership and the organisation as a whole? In seeking answers to these questions, the author focuses on Prigozhin’s relations with the Russian military elite. He then presents the course of the rebellion and the Kremlin’s reaction to these events. The author further discusses the consequences of the rebellion both within Russia and internationally.

PDF

Piotr Burczaniuk

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 305 - 334

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.013.19615

The study analysed the scope of changes in the criminalisation of the crime of espionage in Poland that took place with the amendment to the Criminal Code of 17 August 2023, as well as the systemic changes introduced by it in eight other laws, including the competency laws of all Polish special services. The amendments were introduced to increase the powers to combat this type of crime. The primary objective of the analysis was an attempt to answer the question of whether the scope of the changes introduced corresponds to the demands made by legal doctrine as well as practitioners involved in combating espionage in Poland, consequently adjusting the legal state to the current geopolitical situation, mainly related to aggressive non-military actions described in the doctrines of war. The analysis of the introduced changes was shown against the background of the legislative process of the indicated law, and especially the discussion that took place within its framework, without which a proper understanding of the changes would not be possible.

PDF

Karolina Kuśmirek

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 335 - 352

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.014.19616

The subject of information activities carried out by the Russian Federation was taken up as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the security environment. Research methods from the field of scientific research methodology typical for social sciences were used to implement the undertaken research problem. The comparative method was used to juxtapose narratives. The method of content analysis included the analysis of the source material obtained from the information environment. The introduction presents information on the essence of information activities as an element of military activities. The next section of the article presents information activities that enabled the achievement of political goals both in Russia itself and on the international arena. The conclusions indicate those activities that diversified the recipients. The result of the conducted research was the identification of those information activities that allowed the Russian Federation to impose its arguments on the Russian society and in the global competition of superpowers.

PDF

Angela Pacholczak

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 353 - 383

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.015.19617

The article focuses on the issue of international sanctions of a financial nature in the context of, in particular, the challenges to their effectiveness generated by the cryptocurrency market. An essential point of reference for this analysis is the current case of sanctions imposed by the Council of the European Union (supported by the application of complementary sanctions by part of the international community) on the Russian Federation in relation to that country’s military aggression against Ukraine. The aim of this article is to show different perspectives on the assessment of the effectiveness of sanctions and, in particular, to identify the sources why, in a key number of cases, while weakening the economic potential of the sanctioned state, they nevertheless fail to achieve the original objective of their imposition, i.e. the deterrence of military action. In this subject, the axis of interest is the current and prospective impact of blockchain-based financial solutions on the creation of an important loophole in the sanctions regime to eliminate or marginalise the effects of international financial sanctions. The issue is also assessed through the prism of the crypto-asset market regulation entering into force in the European Union in the near future and the implementation of the so-called travel rule for cryptocurrency transactions.

PDF

Marek Świerczek

Internal Security Review, Issue 30 (16), 2024, pp. 385 - 411

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.016.19618

The author analysed the scale of betrayal among the officers and officials of the Ukrainian state during the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014. The main research problem was an attempt to explain the anomaly in the activities of the special services in the form of recruiting 1,400 officers of the Ukrainian SBU to the Russian FSB. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon in the practice of secret services, the author used the theory of offensive intelligence and counterintelligence created and developed in the USSR from the early 1920s, as well as the findings of cognitive psychology regarding the phenomenon of projection as the main mechanism for explaining the behavior of other people. Thanks to the synthesis of psychology and the analysis of the theoretical achievements of the Soviet secret services, the author put forward a hypothesis about the mass recruitment of the SBU officers in the Crimea long before the annexation. According to the author, the main mechanisms of mass recruitment of agents in order to control the opponent’s organisation were broadly understood corruption and cronyism characteristic to the post-Soviet area.

PDF

Internal Security Review

Issue 30 (16)

2024

Issue content

Introduction

Articles

Review articles / reviews

Competition works

Varia

Introduction

Articles

Files to download

Issue 30 (16)

2024 Next

Issue content

Introduction

Articles

Review articles / reviews

Competition works

Varia

Introduction

Articles

Files to download

2024