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Przestępstwo szpiegostwa po nowemu, czyli w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego z 17 sierpnia 2023 roku

Publication date: 26.04.2024

Internal Security Review, 2024, Issue 30 (16), pp. 49 - 78

https://doi.org/10.4467/20801335PBW.24.002.19604

Authors

Piotr Burczaniuk
Dr
Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw
Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warszawa, Polska, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-8769 Orcid
Contact with author
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Titles

The crime of espionage in new terms, i.e. in light of amendment to the Criminal Code of 17 August 2023

Abstract

The study analysed the scope of changes in the criminalisation of the crime of espionage in Poland that took place with the amendment to the Criminal Code of 17 August 2023, as well as the systemic changes introduced by it in eight other laws, including the competency laws of all Polish special services. The amendments were introduced to increase the powers to combat this type of crime. The primary objective of the analysis was an attempt to answer the question of whether the scope of the changes introduced corresponds to the demands made by legal doctrine as well as practitioners involved in combating espionage in Poland, consequently adjusting the legal state to the current geopolitical situation, mainly related to aggressive non-military actions described in the doctrines of war. The analysis of the introduced changes was shown against the background of the legislative process of the indicated law, and especially the discussion that took place within its framework, without which a proper understanding of the changes would not be possible.

References

Burczaniuk P., Przestępstwo szpiegostwa – rys historyczny, aktualne regulacje na tle doświadczeń praktycznych i analizy prawno-porównawczej wybranych państw (Eng. The crime of espionage - historical background, current regulations against the background of practical experience and comparative legal analysis of selected countries), in: Uprawnienia służb specjalnych z perspektywy współczesnych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Wybrane zagadnienia, P. Burczaniuk (ed.), Warszawa 2017, pp. 86–107.

Kodeks karny. Część szczególna. Tom II. Komentarz do art. 117-211a (cz.1) (Eng. Criminal Code. Specific part. Volume II. Commentary to Articles 117-211a (Part 1)), W. Wróbel, A. Zoll (eds.), Warszawa 2017.

Skoneczny Ł., Wojna hybrydowa – wyzwanie przyszłości? Wybrane zagadnienia (Eng. Hybrid warfare - the challenge of the future? Selected issues), “Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego” 2015, special issue: Wojna hybrydowa, pp. 39–50.

Słownik Języka Polskiego PWN (Eng. PWN Dictionary of Polish Language), vol. 1, M. Szymczak (ed.), Warszawa 1999.

Wojnowski M., Mit “wojny hybrydowej”. Konflikt na terenie państwa ukraińskiego w świetle rosyjskiej myśli wojskowej XIX–XXI wieku (Eng. The myth of ‘hybrid war’. Conflict on the territory of the Ukrainian state in the light of Russian military thought of the XIX-XXI centuries), “Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego” 2015, special issue: Wojna hybrydowa, pp. 7–38.

 

Internet sources

Amendments to the Criminal Code related to threats to state security, The Ministry of Justice, 29 III 2022, https://www.gov.pl/web/sprawiedliwosc/zmiany-w-kodeksie-karnym-zwiazane-z-zagrozeniem-bezpieczenstwa-panstwa [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Consideration of the Commission’s report on the parliamentary draft act amending - the Criminal Code and certain other acts (nos. 3232, 3232-A and 3358), iTV Sejm - archive broadcasts, https://www.sejm.gov.pl/sejm9.nsf/transmisje_arch.xsp?page=2#0CD6003114C05652C12588FB0033AD73 [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Explanatory Memorandum to the Parliamentary Draft Act on amending the Criminal Code and certain other acts (print no. 3232), https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/Druki9ka.nsf/0/F53D07E65F8EC17AC12589B1003F2A96/%24File/3232.pdf [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

McKew M.K., Doktryna Gierasimowa, czyli rosyjski sposób na wojnę: chaos, a nie bomby (Eng. The Gerasimov doctrine, or the Russian way to war: chaos, not bombs), Onet, 6 IX 2017, https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/doktryna-gierasimowa-czyli-rosyjski-sposob-na-wojne-chaos-a-nie-bomby/svh4p0h [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Mikowski M., Wiceszef MS: zmiany ws. surowszych kar za szpiegostwo są już gotowe (Eng. Deputy Minister of Justice: amendments on tougher penalties for espionage are ready), PAP, 23 X 2022, https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C1460354%2Cwiceszef-ms-zmiany-ws-surowszych-kar-za-szpiegostwo-sa-juz-gotowe.html [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Recording of the meeting of the Sejm Extraordinary Committee for Amendments to the Codifications - 14 VI 2023, iTV Sejm - archive broadcasts, https://www.sejm.gov.pl/sejm9.nsf/transmisje_arch.xsp?rok=2023&month=06&page=5#D535320871BCC086C12589CC00473889 [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Recording of the 77th sitting of the Sejm - 13 VI 2023, iTV Sejm - archive broadcasts, https://www.sejm.gov.pl/sejm9.nsf/transmisje_arch.xsp?page=9#1C429C6BE7B92E29C12588FB0033AB2F [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Recording of the 65th sitting of the Senate of the Republic of Poland of the 10th parliamentary term - 26 July 2023, https://av8.senat.pl/10Sen651 [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Vote no. 46 at the 78th sitting of the Sejm on 07-07-2023 at 19:21:18, https://www.sejm.gov.pl/sejm9.nsf/agent.xsp?symbol=glosowania&NrKadencji=9&NrPosiedzenia=78&NrGlosowania=46 [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

 

Russian Internet sources

Герасимов В., Ценность науки в предвидении, “Военно-промышленный курьер”, 27 II 2013, https://vpk.name/news/85159_cennost_nauki_v_predvidenii.html [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Фельгенгауэр П., Добиться превосходства над остальным человечеством Начальник российского Генштаба формулирует программу подготовки к масштабной войне, Новая газета, 9 III 2019, https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2019/03/09/79808-dobitsya-prevoshodstva-nad-ostalnym-chelovechestvom [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

 

Legal acts

Act of 17 August 2023 amending the Act - Criminal Code and certain other acts (Journal of Laws of 2023, item 1834).

Act of 11 March 2022 on the defence of the homeland (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2024, item 248).

Act of 5 July 2018 on the national cybersecurity system (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2023, item 913, as amended).

Act of 10 June 2016 on antiterrorist activities (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2022, item 2632).

Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2023, item 122).

Act of 9 June 2006 on the Military Counterintelligence Service and the Military Intelligence Service (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2023, item 81, as amended).

Act of 16 July 2004 telecommunications law (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1648, as amended).

Act of 24 May 2002 on the Internal Security Agency and the Foreign Intelligence Agency (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2023, item 1136, as amended).

Act of 6 June 1997 - Criminal Code (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1138, as amended).

 

Case law

Judgment of the Court of Appeal in Białystok of 28 XI 2016, ref. no. II AKa 96/16.

Judgment of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw of 24 XI 2017, ref. no. II AKa 269/17.

Judgment of the Regional Court in Gdańsk of 17 V 2005, ref. no. IV K 86/05.

Judgment of the Regional Court in Katowice of 19 X 2015, ref. no. V K 141/15.

Judgment of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 11 VIII 2022, ref. no. XVIII K 78/22.

Judgment of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 21 II 2022, ref. no. XVIII K 58/20.

Judgment by the Regional Court in Warsaw of 8 III 2019, ref. no. XII K 176/18.

Judgment of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 23 III 2016, ref. no. XVIII K 110/15.

Judgment of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 22 XII 2010, ref. no. VIII K 272/10.

Judgment of the Military Regional Court in Warsaw of 29 IV 2019, ref. no. So 5/19.

Judgment of the Military Regional Court in Warsaw of 26 IV 2016, ref. no. So 1/16. Judgment of the Military Regional Court in Warsaw of 3 XI 2005, ref. no. So 37/05.

Judgment of the Military Regional Court in Warsaw of 11 IV 2001, ref. no. So 24/00.

 

Other documents

National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland 2020, https://www.bbn.gov.pl/ftp/dokumenty/Strategia_Bezpieczenstwa_Narodowego_RP_2020.pdf [accessed: 28 VIII 2023].

Information

Information: Internal Security Review, 2024, Issue 30 (16), pp. 49 - 78

Article type: Original article

Titles:

English: The crime of espionage in new terms, i.e. in light of amendment to the Criminal Code of 17 August 2023
Polish: Przestępstwo szpiegostwa po nowemu, czyli w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego z 17 sierpnia 2023 roku

Authors

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-8769

Piotr Burczaniuk
Dr
Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw
Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warszawa, Polska, Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-8769 Orcid
Contact with author
All publications →

Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw
Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warszawa, Polska, Poland

Published at: 26.04.2024

Article status: Open

Licence: CC-BY-NC-SA  licence icon

Copyrights:

© Copyright by Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego 2024

Percentage share of authors:

Piotr Burczaniuk (Author) - 100%

Article corrections:

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Publication languages:

Polish