Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century

Monika  Machowska

Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century

Data publikacji: 11.2021

Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny, 2021 (XLVII), Nr 3 (181), s. 57 - 78

https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.032.14452

Autorzy

Pobierz pełny tekst

PDF PDF

drukuj

Tytuły

Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century

Abstrakt

This article is an introduction to the subject of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles, both within the broader context of the diaspora and a narrower one, presenting an analysis of the mutual relations between the Armenian community and the city.

In the twenty-first century, Los Angeles has become home to the second largest urban population of Armenians in the world after Yerevan. It consists of three main groups: descendants of the first immigrants, refugees from the Middle East, and most recently, the so-called “Soviet” Armenians and immigrants from the Republic of Armenia. The construction of the Armenian Americans Museum will begin in the near future. The mission of the institution will be to document the experience of Armenian migration and to support the maintenance of ethnic identity among the next generations of the diaspora.

In Glendale, an ethnoburb of Los Angeles, Armenian Americans make up 40 percent of the population. A significant proportion of the administrative decision-makers there come from the Armenian diaspora. The city is not only the informal second capital city for the Armenian global community, but also an incubator for its cultural project; in particular, it is a center of the Armenian music industry

Słowa kluczowe

Armenians, ethnic minority, Armenian Americans, United States, Los Angeles

Bibliografia

Pobierz bibliografię

Monographs

Bakalian A. P. (2014). Armenian Americans: From Being to Feeling Armenian. Transaction Publishers. Bedevian H. S. (2008). Student, Staff, and Parent Perceptions of the Reasons for Ethnic Conflict Between Armenian and Latino Students. Doctoral Thesis, University of Southern California.

Bedrosian M. (1991). The Magical Pine Ring: Culture and the Imagination in Armenian – American Literature. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

Jendian M. A. (2008). Becoming American, Remaining Ethnic. The Case of Armenian-Americans in Central California. NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC.

Kurian G. T., Lamport M. A. (2016). Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., Vol. 5.

Laderman G., León L. (2014). Religion and American Cultures: Tradition, Diversity, and Popular Expression. ABC-CLIO.

Minasian A. D. (1972). Settlement patterns of Armenians in Fresno. San Fernando Valley State College, California.

Ritter L. (2009). Ormiańskie losy. Historia i przyszłość diaspory. Warszawa: ARMENIAN, Fundacja Ormiańska KZKO.

Samkian A. (2007). Constructing identities, perceiving lives: Armenian high school students’ perception of identity and education. Doctoral Thesis, University of California.

Saroyan W. (1936). The Armenian and the Armenian, in: Inhale & Exhale, NY: Random House.

Tuncel T. K. (2014). Memory and the Politics of Construction of the Armenian Homeland. Doctoral Thesis, University of Trento.

Waldinger R. (2015). The Cross-Border Connection. Immigrants, Emigrants and Their Homelands. Harvard University Press.

Waldstreicher D. (1989). The Armenian Americans, The Peoples of North America. Chelsea House Publishers.

Yeretzian A. S. (1923). A history of Armenian immigration to America with special reference to conditions in Los Angeles. Thesis, reprint, 1974, R & E Publishers Incorporated.

Chapters in Edited Books

Der-Martirosian C., Sabagh G., Bozorgmehr M. (2004). Subethnicity: Armenians in Los Angeles, in: Light I., Bhachu P. (eds.). Immigration and Entrepreneurship. Culture, Capital, and Ethnic Networks. Transaction Publishers, 245–246.

Mirak R. (1997). The Armenians in America, in: Hovannisian R. G. (ed.). The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. MCMILLAN PRESS LTD, vol. 2, 391.

Journals

Bolsajian M. (2018). Migration and its Influence on Identity and Politics. Global Societies Journal, 6, 29–40.

Conzen K. N., Gerber D. A., Morawska E. (1992). The invention of Ethnicity: A Perspective from the U.S.A. Journal of American Ethnic History, 12(1), 3–41.

Coulson D. M. (2012). Persecutory Agency in the Racial Prerequisite Cases: Islam, Christianity, and Martyrdom in United States v. Cartozian. University of Miami Race and Social Justice Law Review, 2(1), 117–188.

Craver E. (2009). On the Boundary of White: the Cartozian Naturalization Case and the Armenians, 1923–1925. Journal of American Ethnic History, 28(2), 30–56.

Fisher C. S. (1995). The Subcultural Theory of Urbanism: A Twentieth-Year Assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 101(3), 543–577.

Fittante D. (2017). But Why Glendale? A History of Armenian Immigration to Southern California. California History, 94(3), 2–19.

Fittante D. (2018). The Armenians of Glendale: An Ethnoburb in Los Angeles’s San Fernando Valley. City and Community, 17(4), 1231–1247.

Gans H. J. (1979). Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2(1), 1–20.

Gill R. (2000). Cities and Ethnicity: A Case of De-ethnicization or Re-ethnicization?. Sociological Bulletin, 49(2), 211–228.

Grossman J. (2019). Toward a Definition of Diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(8), 1263–1282.

Mutafian C. (2018). Ormiańska diaspora od starożytności do nowoczesności. Lehahayer, 5, 7–14.

Nagel. J. (1994). Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture. Social Problems, 41(1), 152–176.

Papazian D. (2000). Armenians in America. Het Christelijk Oosten, 3–4, 211–437.

Pomieciński A. (2017). Od pamięci stłamszonej do pamięci odzyskanej: Pomnik i Muzeum Ludobójstwa Ormian w Erywaniu. Our Europe. Ethnography-Ethnology-Anthropology of Culture, 6, 7–14.

Takooshian H. (1986). Armenian Immigration to the United States from Middle East. Journal of Armenian Studies, III(1–2), 133–157.

Online sources

American FactFinder, 2016 American Community Survey, https://archive.ph/20200214011051/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_S0201&prodType=table# (Accessed: 16.04.2021).

Ardarutyun (2010). Gov. Schwarzenegger Proclaims Days of Remembrance of the Armenian Genocide for 2010, https://www.ardarutyun.org/?p=1638&lang=en (Accessed: 13.08.2020).

Armenian American Museum, https://www.armenianamericanmuseum.org/about/ (Accessed: 04.12.2020).

Armenian Diaspora Survey, Armenians of Pasadena, https://www.armeniandiasporasurvey.com/pasadena (Accessed: 04.12.2020).

Asbarez (2020). ANCA-WR Encourages Armenians to Complete Census During Self-Isolation, https://asbarez.com/193206/anca-wr-encourages-armenians-to-complete-census-during-selfisolation/ (Accessed: 19.11.2020).

City-Data, Crime rate in Glendale, California (CA), https://www.city-data.com/crime/crime-Glendale-California.html# (Accessed: 14.04.2021).

Cuevas S. (2015). Armenian Genocide Anniversary Sparks Fiery Art in Los Angeles, https://www.kqed.org/news/10500416/armenian-genocide-anniversary-sparks-fiery-art-in-los-angeles (Accessed: 30.10.2020).

Gevorkyan A. V. (2016). Development through Diversity: Engaging Armenia’s New and Old Diaspora, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/development-through-diversity-engagingarmenia%E2%80%99s-new-and-old-diaspora (Accessed: 11.12.2020).

Ghoogasian A. (2017). How Armenian-Americans Became “White”: A Brief History, https://ajammc.com/2017/08/29/armenian-whiteness-america/ (Accessed 29.10.2020).

Kezelian H. (2012). The intro: Eat, Drink and Enjoy Kef, http://keftimeusa.blogspot.com/2012/10/eat-drink-and-enjoy-kef_8.html (Accessed: 04.12.2020).

Kezelian H. (2019). Kef Music – the Jazz of Armenian People, https://mirrorspectator.com/2019/07/25/kef-music-the-jazz-of-armenian-people/ (Accessed: 04.12.2020).

Krieger M. H. (2003). Sacred Transformation: Armenian Churches in Los Angeles, https://priceschool.usc.edu/about/armenian/ (Accessed: 15.11.2020).

Melkonian E. (2007). The Armenian Diaspora (Spyurk), http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2007/03/1466-armenian-diaspora-spyurk.html (Accessed: 01.12.2020).

O’Neil M. (2015). Armenians Mourn a Genocide and Remember an Outpouring of Support, The Chronicle of Philanthropy, https://www.philanthropy.com/article/armenians-mourn-agenocide-and-remember-an-outpouring-of-support/ (Accessed: 08.11.2020).

FBI (2011). Armenian Power Organized Crime Group Targeted in Federal Indictments That Allege Racketeering Offenses, Including Bank Fraud Schemes, Kidnappings, and Drug Trafficking, https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/losangeles/press-releases/2011/la021611.htm (Accessed: 14.04.2021).

Pang K. (2004). Glendale Unified May Add Armenian Holiday, Los Angeles Times, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-08-me-armenian8-story.html (Accessed: 19.11.2020).

Pevear D. (2011). Salute for a Civil War Sailor, https://www.lowellsun.com/2011/11/06/salute-fora-civil-war-sailor/ (Accessed: 25.11.2020).

Quinones S. (2015). How Three Pioneering Immigrants Forever Changed the Course – and the Culture – of L.A., https://www.lamag.com/longform/how-three-pioneering-immigrants-foreverchanged-the-course-and-the-culture-of-l-a/ (Accessed: 14.11.2020).

RT (2015). Armenian genocide: 130K march in LA to mark 100th anniversary, www.rt.com/usa/252945-los-angeles-armenian-genocide-march/ (Accessed: 14.10.2020).

U.S. Census, https://www.census.gov/ (Accessed: 14.11.2020).

Vartanian N. E. (2000). Armenian Americans in California. A Fruitful Legacy, http://www.cilicia.com/armo_article_fruitful_legacy.html (Accessed: 22.11.2020).

Włosowicz J. (2009). ASALA – ormiański terroryzm w kontekście historycznym oraz jako współczesna groźba, https://www.psz.pl/122-opinie/asala-ormianski-terroryzm-w-konteksciehistorycznym-oraz-jako-wspolczesna-grozba (Accessed: 22.11.2020).

Reports and Legal References

Armenia’s Diaspora – Its Role and Influence (2014). Foreign & Commonwealth Office UK. In re Halladjian, 174 F. 834 (1909). Circuit Court for the District of Massachusetts, https://cite.case.law/f/174/834/ (Accessed: 10.11.2020).

United States v. Cartozian, 6 F.2d 919 (1925). District Court for the District of Oregon, http://www.leagle.com/decision/19259256f2d9191595.xml (Accessed: 10.11.2020).

Informacje

Informacje: Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny, 2021 (XLVII), Nr 3 (181), s. 57 - 78

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.032.14452

Typ artykułu: Oryginalny artykuł naukowy

Tytuły:

Polski:

Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century

Angielski:

Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century

Autorzy

Monika Machowska

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-9093

Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków

Publikacja: 11.2021

Status artykułu: Otwarte

Licencja: CC BY-NC-ND

Udział procentowy autorów:

Monika Machowska (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

Języki publikacji:

Angielski

Liczba wyświetleń: 1005

Liczba pobrań: 1314

<p> Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century</p>

Pobierz xml