FAQ

Cultural Heritage Rights and Rights Related to Cultural Heritage: A Review of the Cultural Heritage Rights System

Data publikacji: 13.12.2023

Santander Art and Culture Law Review, 2023, 2/2023 (9), s. 167 - 190

https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050XSNR.23.027.18647

Autorzy

Ding Guangyu
Renmin University of China, Beijing
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4901-6759 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Tytuły

Cultural Heritage Rights and Rights Related to Cultural Heritage: A Review of the Cultural Heritage Rights System

Abstrakt

Previous decades have witnessed the widespread use of human rights discourses in explaining cultural heritage issues. The content of the cultural heritage right (a term used interchangeably with “right to cultural heritage” in this text), and the relationship between cultural heritage and human rights are diversely demonstrated in international cultural heritage instruments and previous studies. Some of them may overlap or even contradict each other, causing confusion about the relevant concepts. This article aims to answer the twin question: What is the relationship between the “right to cultural heritage” and “rights related to cultural heritage”, which together comprise the cultural heritage rights system? The main feature of cultural heritage is its spiritual significance, which constitutes the basis of the human right to cultural heritage. The core content of the right to cultural heritage is the right to enjoy the intangible value of; meaning of; and interests inherent in cultural heritage. The holder of the right to cultural heritage is “everyone” – a concept so vague that it results in the intractable tension between the right and the rights of states, communities, individuals, Indigenous peoples, humanity as a whole, and so on. “Rights related to cultural heritage”, which are not cultural heritage rights per se, include public participation rights, the right to education, ownership rights, the rights to a livelihood, development, human dignity, equality, and other basic human rights. Some of them may promote the right to cultural heritage, while some may conflict with or limit the same right.

Bibliografia

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, June 1981.

Alderman K.L., The Human Right to Cultural Property, “Michigan State University College of Law International Law Review” 2011, Vol. 20(1).

ASEAN Declaration on Cultural Heritage, 25 July 2000.

Barth W.K., Cultural Rights: A Necessary Corrective to the Nation State, in: F. Francioni, M. Scheinin (eds.), Cultural Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden 2008.

Blake J., On Defining the Cultural Heritage, “The International and Comparative Law Quarterly” 2000, Vol. 49(1).

Blake J., Taking a Human Rights Approach to Cultural Heritage Protection, “Heritage & Society” 2011, Vol. 4(2).

Buenos Aires Declaration Marking the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 5 December 2018.

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 21: Right of Everyone to Take Part in Cultural Life (Art. 15, Para. 1 (a), of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), 21 December 2009, UN Doc. E/C.12/GC/21.

Connolly A.J., Cultural Heritage Rights, Routledge, London 2017.

Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 14 May 1954, 249 UNTS 240.

Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, 25 June 1998.

Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, 27 October 2005, CETS 199.

Declaration of ICOMOS Marking the 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 11 September 1998.

Delhi Declaration on Heritage and Democracy, December 2017.

Donders Y., Cultural Heritage and Human Rights, in: F. Francioni, A.F. Vrdoljak (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2020.

Durbach A., Lixinski L. (eds.), Heritage, Culture and Rights: Challenging Legal Discourses, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2017.

Francioni F., Beyond State Sovereignty: The Protection of Cultural Heritage as a Shared Interest of Humanity, “Michigan Journal of International Law” 2004, Vol. 25(1209).

Francioni F., Culture, Heritage and Human Rights: An Introduction, in: F. Francioni, M. Scheinin (eds.), Cultural Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden 2008.

Francioni F., Lixinski L., Opening the Toolbox of International Human Rights Law in the Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, in: A. Durbach, L. Lixinski (eds.), Heritage, Culture and Rights: Challenging Legal Discourses, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2017.

Francioni F., Scheinin M. (eds.), Cultural Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden 2008.

Fribourg Declaration on Cultural Rights, 7 May 2007.

Hodder I., Cultural Heritage Rights: From Ownership and Descent to Justice and Well-Being, “Anthropological Quarterly” 2010, Vol. 83(4).

Hu S., From Ownership to Human Rights: Developments and Reconstruction of the Concept of “Cultural Heritage Rights”, “Journal of Political Science and Law” 2015, Vol. 167(4).

Human Rights Council, Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples with Respect to Their Cultural Heritage: Study by the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 19 August 2015, UN Doc. A/HRC/30/53.

Human Rights Council, Report of the Independent Expert in the Field of Cultural Rights, Farida Shaheed, 21 March 2011, UN Doc. A/HRC/17/38.

Human Rights Council, Resolution 33/20: Cultural Rights and the Protection of Cultural Heritage, 6 October 2016, UN Doc. A/HRC/RES/33/20.

Human Rights Council, Resolution 37/17: Cultural Rights and the Protection of Cultural Heritage, 9 April 2018, UN Doc. A/HRC/RES/37/17.

ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites, 2008. ICOMOS International Charter for Cultural Heritage Tourism, November 2022.

ICOMOS International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, 1964.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966, 993

UNTS 3.

Kraak A.-L., Human Rights-Based Approaches to World Heritage Conservation in Bagan, Myanmar: Conceptual, Political, and Practical Considerations, “International Journal of Cultural Property” 2018, Vol. 25(1).

Liljeblad J., The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (CSICH) and the Control of Indigenous Culture: A Critical Comment on Power and Indigenous Rights, “William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice” 2020, Vol. 26(2).

Lixinski L., Religious Heritage in International Law: Nationalism, Culture, and Rights, “Pravovedenie” 2020, Vol. 64(1).

Logan W., Closing Pandora’s Box: Human Rights Conundrums in Cultural Heritage Protection, in: H. Silverman, D.F. Ruggles (eds.), Cultural Heritage and Human Rights, Springer, New York 2007.

Logan W., Cultural Diversity, Cultural Heritage and Human Rights: Towards Heritage Management as Human Rights-Based Cultural Practice, “International Journal of Heritage Studies” 2012, Vol. 18(3).

Lu J., Xiaolong L., Zhang P., Rights, Values, Interests: The Conflict between World Cultural Heritage and Community. A Case Study of the West Lake Cultural Landscape Heritage in China, “Sustainability” 2019, Vol. 11(17).

Maus S., Hand in Hand Against Climate Change: Cultural Human Rights and the Protection of Cultural Heritage, “Cambridge Review of International Affairs” 2014, Vol. 27(4).

Merryman J.H., The Public Interest in Cultural Property, “California Law Review” 1989, Vol. 77(2).

Merryman J.H., Two Ways of Thinking About Cultural Property, “The American Journal of International Law” 1986, Vol. 80(4).

Meskell L., Human Rights and Heritage Ethics, “Anthropological Quarterly” 2010, Vol. 83(4). Mo J., Legal Protection for Rights to Cultural Heritage, “Social Sciences in China” 2003, Vol. 24(1).

Moustakas J., Group Rights in Cultural Property: Justifying Strict Inalienability, “Cornell Law Review” 1989, Vol. 74(6).

Sikora K., The Right to Cultural Heritage in International Law, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, “Santander Art and Culture Law Review” 2021, Vol. 2(7).

Silverman H., Ruggles D.F., Cultural Heritage and Human Rights, in: H. Silverman, D.F. Ruggles (eds.), Cultural Heritage and Human Rights, Springer, New York 2007.

Silverman H., Ruggles D.F. (eds.), Cultural Heritage and Human Rights, Springer, New York 2007.

The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments, 1931.

The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance, 1999.

The Nara Document on Authenticity, 1994.

The Paris Declaration on Heritage as a Driver of Development, 1 December 2011.

UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 16 November 1972, 1037 UNTS 151.

UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 17 October 2003, 2368 UNTS 3.

UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 14 November 1970, 823 UNTS 231.

UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage, 17 October 2003.

UNESCO, Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, 31 July 2021.

UNESCO, Recommendation on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations, 5 December 1956.

UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects, 24 June 1995, 2421 UNTS 457.

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2 October 2007, UN Doc. A/RES/61/295.

United Nations General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights, K. Bennoune, 9 August 2016, UN Doc. A/71/317.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, UN Doc. A/RES/217 A (III).

Vrdoljak A.F., Indigenous Peoples, World Heritage, and Human Rights, “International Journal of Cultural Property” 2018, Vol. 25(3).

Wang Y., On the Rights to Cultural Heritage, “Journal of Renmin University of China” 2011, Vol. 25(2).

Wells J.C., Lixinski L., Heritage Values and Legal Rules: Identification and Treatment of the Historic Environment via an Adaptive Regulatory Framework (Part 1), “Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development” 2016, Vol. 6(3).

Yang Z., On Nature of Environmental Right, “China Legal Science” 2020, Vol. 37(2).

Informacje

Informacje: Santander Art and Culture Law Review, 2023, 2/2023 (9), s. 167 - 190

Typ artykułu: Inne o charakterze cytowalnym

Tytuły:

Polski:

Cultural Heritage Rights and Rights Related to Cultural Heritage: A Review of the Cultural Heritage Rights System

Angielski:

Cultural Heritage Rights and Rights Related to Cultural Heritage: A Review of the Cultural Heritage Rights System

Autorzy

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4901-6759

Ding Guangyu
Renmin University of China, Beijing
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4901-6759 Orcid
Wszystkie publikacje autora →

Renmin University of China, Beijing

Publikacja: 13.12.2023

Status artykułu: Otwarte __T_UNLOCK

Licencja: CC BY  ikona licencji

Udział procentowy autorów:

Ding Guangyu (Autor) - 100%

Korekty artykułu:

-

Języki publikacji:

Angielski