Słowa kluczowe: Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Renaissance cartography, Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, Livonian War, Polish Renaissance literature, Jan Matejko, Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Renaissance cartography, Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, Livonian War, Polish Renaissance literature, Jan Matejko, 16th century cartography, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, Livonian War, Polotsk, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Stephen Báthory, history of cartography, atlas, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Stephen Báthory, Tomasz Treter, Giovanni Battista Cavalieri, Polotsk, Koziany, Krasne, Sitno, Sokol, Susza, Turovla, Livonian War, military cartography, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, 1579 Polotsk campaign, strategy, operational activities in the 16th century, history of cartography, Renaissance cartography, atlas, Polish Renaissance literature, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Polish-Lithuanian Commomwealth, Russia, Polotsk, Livonian War, Stephen Báthory, political propaganda in the 16th century, emblem, stemma, Principality of Polotsk, 1579 Polotsk campaign, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Piotr Frankus, 16th cartography, plans of fortresses, History of cartography, textology, textual criticism, Stanisław Pachołowiecki, Stanisław Sulimowski, Maciej Strubicz, Gerard Mercator, Polotsk, Principality of Polotsk, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Belarus, toponymy, hydrography