Terminus Volume 19 (2017) Issue 1 (42)

Volume 19, Issue 1 (42)

'Atlas Księstwa Połockiego' Stanisława Pachołowieckiego

2017

Publication date: 2017

Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Editorial team

Editor-in-Chief Jakub Niedźwiedź

Secretary dr hab. Wojciech Ryczek

Issue Editor Jakub Niedźwiedź

Issue content

Atlas Księstwa Połockiego – wprowadzenie

Jakub Niedźwiedź

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.007.8241

The paper is divided into two parts. In the first one the author discusses a discovery and reception of The Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk in the 19th–21st centuries. In the other the content of six papers about the Atlas is commented.

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The Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk – an Introduction

Jakub Niedźwiedź

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 19-36

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.008.8266

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Charakterystyka prac kartograficznych Stanisława Pachołowieckiego (1580)

Kazimierz Kozica

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 37-59

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.001.7890

The paper consists of two parts. The first presents a detailed description of eight maps and the views of cities included in The Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk by Polish cartographer Stanisław Pachołowiecki. They were printed in Rome in the printing house of Giovanni Battista Cavalieri in 1580. The author describes the whole cycle including both states of the plan of the Siege of Polotsk in 1579 and lists all copies known today. The second part discusses the art featured in these maps, particularly the map of the Principality of Polotsk.

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Atlas Księstwa Połockiego Stanisława Pachołowieckiego z 1580 roku – transkrypcja i przekład

Grzegorz Franczak

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 61-74

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.002.7891

This paper contains a transcription (modernized according to the norms set out by Academia Latinitati Fovendae) and a Polish translation of titles, inscriptions and Latin explanations, from eight cartographic relics that constitute The Atlas of the Principality of Polotsk, of Stanisław Pachołowiecki (1580).

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Okoliczności powstania i przydatność wojskowa mapy Descriptio Ducatus Polocensis Stanisława Pachołowieckiego (1580)

Karol Łopatecki

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 75-126

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.003.7892

The paper analyses a cartographic work of Stanisław Pachołowiecki printed in Rome in 1580 entitled Descriptio Ducatus Polocensis. The author focuses on the origins of the manuscript version of the map and its usefulness in military operations. The analysis indicates that the map was created on the basis of previously gathered cartographic drafts, itineraries, and knowledge possessed by the commanders active on the territory of the Principality of Polotsk. Stanisław Pachołowiecki developed the map as early as in the 1st half of 1579 and it became the basis for strategic and operational activities undertaken during the military council in Svir. The map of the Principality of Polotsk depicts changes that may be described as the “early-modern cartographic turn”. In the second half of the 16th century, Polish and Lithuanian commanders began to plan and prepare military operations using a map. Thus the management of space on a strategic level commenced, which affected the development of operational planning.

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Atlas Księstwa Połockiego Stanisława Pachołowieckiego (1580): propaganda, genologia i tworzenie wiedzy geograficznej

Jakub Niedźwiedź

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 127-155

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.004.7893

This paper is dedicated to the maps of Stanisław Pachołowiecki (2nd half of the 16th century) printed in Rome by Giovanni Battista Cavalieri in 1580. In August 1579, the Polish-Lithuanian army retook the city and the voivodeship (principality) of Polotsk from Russian hands. Pachołowiecki, a cartographer working for Stephen Báthory, prepared maps depicting the Siege of Polotsk, the whole principality of Polotsk and plans of six other fortresses and cities conquered by Báthory’s army.

This study presents an answer to the following question: What means were used in the development of the new geographic knowledge by people engaged in the preparation and use of Pachołowiecki’s atlas? Jakub Niedźwiedź takes a closer look at the application of rhetoric, mainly figures and tropes drawn (or translated) from literature into the cartographic text. According to Niedźwiedź, the atlas’ authors used literary and graphic genres and topoi that were known, fashionable and attractive to the reader in those times. The study is divided into sections containing analyses of three genres that organise the meaning of the map. The first genre described is epinikion-panegyric. The author demonstrates how the ruler-commander laudation topoi were transformed in 16th century poetry and cartography. The context consists chiefly of laudatory poems written by the two most prominent Polish poets of the time, Jan Kochanowski and Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński.

The second genre investigated by Niedźwiedź is emblem, a combination of word and image. The author indicates the relationship between 16th century cartography on the one hand, and emblems and heraldry on the other. These deliberations are accompanied by references to the Renaissance imitation theory. The third genre is atlas. In this section, the author argues that Pachołowiecki’s maps compound the fi rst thematic atlas in the history of Polish cartography. All these genres were subjected to the rules of cartographic representation.

The final comments regard the infl uence that Pachołowiecki’s maps exerted on the output of the leading cartographers of late 16th century, including Maciej Strubicz and Gerard Mercator among others.

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Ryciny prezentujące kampanię połocką 1579 r. jako jednolita kompozycja kartograficzna

Karol Łopatecki

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 157-191

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.005.7894

The paper presents seven plans of fortresses (Polotsk, Sokil, Kazyany, Krasne, Turovla, Susza and Sitno) and a map of the principality of Polotsk by Stanisław Pachołowiecki. The analysis indicates that plans of fortifi cations and hydrogeologic conditions were integrated into a previously existing operational map of the principality of Polotsk. Therefore, eight printed maps and plans constitute a joint work that was uniformly finished by one author (Stanisław Pachołowiecki or Giovanni Battista Cavalieri). The map of the principality of Polotsk features Russian fortifications in the form of two-dimensional projections. The strongholds were depicted in a reliable manner, both in terms of shape and the number of towers. Such a representation of settlement symbols was an innovative solution in Renaissance cartography. Not until the 17th century were such means known and they did not appear on a broader scale until the 1730s.

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Filologia mapy. Badanie dawnej kartografii metodą krytyki tekstu na przykładzie toponimii mapy Księstwa Połockiego S. Pachołowieckiego z 1580 roku

Grzegorz Franczak

Terminus, Volume 19, Issue 1 (42), 2017, pp. 193-252

https://doi.org/10.4467/20843844TE.17.006.7895

Th e aim of this paper is to make an experimental application of textual criticism (the stemma method or Lachmann’s method) in the analyses of early-modern maps. It is supposed to verify whether, and to what extent, the means developed by philologists to establish how texts were transmitted in medieval codices, can be applied to study the transmission of geographic knowledge on early-modern maps.

Th e author postulates that well-tried procedures should be used in studies of textual parts of old maps. Th ey allow the formulation of fi liation hypotheses. Th ese procedures consist of collating extant texts and detecting mistakes that indicate, connect or divide individual branches of tradition.

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Volume 19, Issue 1 (42)

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