Osteoarthritis is the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system. It is a progressive disease that primarily affects the articular surfaces. Degenerations cause pain and stiffness in the joints, which leads to difficulties in everyday life and has a negative impact on the psychophysical comfort of the patient. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a two-week rehabilitation programme on psychophysical fitness and the level of pain experienced in joints affected by degenerative changes in patients over 60 years of age suffering from osteoarthritis. The study group consisted of 35 people (25 women and 10 men) aged 60 to 85 years. The following methods were used to assess the impact of a two-week rehabilitation programme on psychophysical fitness and the level of perceived pain in joints affected by degenerative changes in people with osteoarthritis: Senior Fitness Test (SFT), Yesavage Geriatric Depression Rating Scale (GDS), Pain Assessment Scale (VAS). The results of the research indicate a significant improvement in the psychophysical condition of patients with osteoarthritis who benefited from the two-week rehabilitation programme. Research has shown that participation in a rehabilitation programme for people over 60 years of age struggling with osteoarthritis contributes to the reduction of pain levels, increases the muscle strength of the lower limbs and arms, and has a positive effect on the well-being of patients.

Avascular necrosis is a disease characterized by the formation of necrotic changes in the bone tissue without the involvement of pathogenic microorganisms. This disease mainly occurs in the area of the femoral head, tibial tuberosity, and heel tumor. One of the elements of treatment is the surgical removal of dead tissue, followed by physical therapy to restore the lost function. The aim of the study was to presented the model of rehabilitation of the patient diagnosed with avascular necrosis in atypical area – the area of the medial femoral condyle in the left knee joint.

Material and methods: A 24-year-old patient after the removal of medial condyle necrosis of the femur. Accompanying symptoms: severe pain, swelling, difficulty in movement and limited mobility in the left knee joint. An individually tailored physiotherapeutic procedure was implemented with a variety of techniques in the field of physical therapy, kinesiotherapy and manual therapy, in some cases deviating from the accepted norms. Results: The proposed rehabilitation procedure led to the restoration of the proper joint homeostasis.

The Patient-Centered Care (PCC) model has been recognised in many countries as a standard approach in healthcare to improve its quality. The essence of PCC is to respect the values, experiences, needs and preferences of the patient in planning, coordinating and providing care. Therapeutic relationship between the patient and the healthcare providers is at the core of this model. Numerous studies have shown that implementing PCC into the practice contributes to improved care results, better use of resources, lower costs and increased satisfaction of patients with healthcare. The aim of this article is to present the assumptions of the patient-centered care model as well as the benefits and barriers in implementing this model into the health care system. 

People with intellectual disabilities experience stigma and discrimination. In caring for people with intellectual disabilities, special attention should be paid to respecting their dignity and subjectivity. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of respecting the dignity and subjectivity of adults with intellectual disabilities and the importance of communicating with them. The paper is based on a literature analysis of intellectual disability issues. The literature analysis indicates that the subject of intellectual disability concerns the subjectivity and the dignity of the people as well as the barriers to communication with the environment and medical personnel. It is fundamental to conduct research into care of people with intellectual disabilities. In addition, there is a need to organize training for all members of the therapeutic team, especially in the area of communication issues with people with intellectual disabilities.

This article presents the history of Prof. Kazimierz (Kaz) Jankowski M.D., Ph.D. ideas and their implementation, on the 50th anniversary of him creating the “Synapsis Center.” Subsequent modifications, expansion of therapeutic methods and projects for measuring their effectiveness, as well as their conceptual development are presented. The path from the therapy focused on the individual through one expanding the focus to the family as well, and finally –to the environment is delineated. Moreover, the comprehensive environmental prevention system of Jankowski and the “Synapsis”team which was innovative in the 1970s is shown. Simultaneously, a way from in-patient to out-patient model of therapy is documented.

Pregnancy in the scar after cesarean section is a serious medical problem, threatening woman’s life.Despite the wide development of diagnostics, ectopic pregnancies in the scar are relatively common. The diagnosis of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies is usually made at seven weeks of gestation. It may be asymptomatic or characterised by sharp pain in the lower abdomen. The prevalence of ultrasound reflects the increased diagnosis of pregnancies implanted in the cesarean section scar. During the routine ultrasound examination of the nonpregnant uterus in women with a history of at least one cesarean section, an abnormality in scar occurs with a frequency of 24–70%. Given the total number of cesarean sections and the rate of abnormal cesarean scar formation, this problem affects a large group of patients. Expectant management is not recommended because of the high schock risk. For the treatment of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, methotrexate is the drug of choice.